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1.
目的研究黄体酮对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后脑组织内水通道蛋白-4(AQP4)的表达及血脑屏障通透性的影响。方法健康雄性SD大鼠96只,随机分为4大组:假手术组、手术组、溶剂治疗组和黄体酮治疗组,建立大脑中动脉栓塞再灌注(MCAO/R)模型,分别在缺血2h再灌注6h、1d、3d、5d 4个时间点将大鼠麻醉后断头取脑,采用Western blot法、伊文氏蓝(EB)渗出量及干湿重法分别测定脑组织AQP4的表达、血脑屏障的通透性及脑含水量。结果手术组AQP4的表达、EB的含量及脑组织含水量明显高于假手术组;黄体酮组AQP4的表达、EB的含量及脑组织含水量较手术组及溶剂组明显降低,差异有统计学意义。结论黄体酮可以降低缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织AQP4的表达,从而降低血脑屏障的通透性,减轻脑水肿。  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注脑组织缺血区AQP4蛋白的表达情况及β-七叶皂苷钠的治疗作用和可能机制。方法采用大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞法(MCAO)制作局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型。应用干-湿比重法、TTC染色、免疫组化SABC法分别测定脑含水量、脑梗死体积及水孔蛋白4(aquaporin4,AQP4)的表达。结果假手术组AQP4蛋白有轻微的表达,而模型组、治疗组缺血损伤后表达升高,脑含水量增高,梗死脑组织出现,给予β-七叶皂苷钠的治疗组AQP4蛋白的表达下降,脑含水量明显降低,脑梗死体积减少,且β-七叶皂苷钠中高剂量组明显优于低剂量组(P<0.05)。结论脑缺血再灌注脑组织缺血区AQP4蛋白表达的上调与脑水肿的发生发展与有密切的关系,而β-七叶皂苷钠有抑制脑水肿发生的作用。  相似文献   

3.
目的研究亚低温对脑出血后水通道蛋白4(AQP4)表达及脑水肿的影响,探讨亚低温对出血性脑水肿的作用机制。方法在大鼠苍白球注射胶原酶制作脑出血模型,用冰块降温及白炽灯照射加温的方法调节体温;应用免疫组化方法检测脑组织AQP4表达,采用干湿重法观察脑含水量的动态变化。结果脑出血模型大鼠病灶侧脑含水量、血肿周围AQP4的表达水平明显高于假手术组(均P<0.001);各个时间点亚低温组大鼠病灶侧脑含水量以及血肿周围AQP4的表达水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05~0.01);AQP4表达水平与脑含水量呈正相关(r=0.977,P<0.001)。结论亚低温能明显减轻脑出血后脑水肿及AQP4的表达,亚低温可能通过抑制AQP4的表达而减轻脑水肿。  相似文献   

4.
目的研究促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后脑水肿和水通道蛋白4(aquaporin 4,AQP4)的影响。方法采用大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞模型,干湿重法测定脑水含量,免疫组织化学法测定AQP4蛋白表达,RT-PCR法测定AQP4 mRNA表达。结果 EPO能够显著减轻脑缺血再灌注后脑水肿的程度(P<0.01),显著降低缺血脑组织中AQP4蛋白及mRNA的表达水平(P<0.01)。结论 EPO通过下调脑组织中AQP4的表达,减轻脑水肿的程度,这可能是EPO保护脑缺血再灌注后神经组织机制之一。  相似文献   

5.
目的 探讨厄贝沙坦预处理对脑缺血再灌注(CIR)损伤大鼠脑组织含水量以及IgG和水通道蛋白4(AQP4)表达的影响.方法 用厄贝沙坦灌胃预处理SD大鼠,连续21d后用改良Longa法建立CIR模型,分别于缺血90 min再灌注2 h和48 h后测定其脑组织含水量,并采用免疫组化法测定相应时间点IgG及AQP4的表达.结果 与假手术组及CIR对照组进行比较.结果 各组中,CIR对照组大鼠脑组织含水量最高,其次是厄贝沙坦低剂量组,然后是厄贝沙坦高剂量组,假手术组最低(P<0.05~0.01).再灌注2 h时,各组大鼠脑组织IgG表达差异无统计学意义;再灌注48 h时,CIR对照组大鼠脑组织IgG表达最高,其次是厄贝沙坦低剂量组,然后是厄贝沙坦高剂量组,假手术组最低(P<0.05~0.01).再灌注2 h时,各组中厄贝沙坦高剂量组大鼠脑组织AQP4表达最多,然后是厄贝沙坦低剂最组与CIR对照组,假手术组最少(均P<0.01);再灌注48 h时,各组中厄贝沙坦高剂量组及低剂量组大鼠脑组织AQP4表达最多,其次是CIR对照组,假手术组最少(均P<0.01).结论 厄贝沙坦预处理可能通过上调CIR大鼠脑组织AQP4的表达以减少其脑组织含水量和IgG表达,从而起到脑保护作用.  相似文献   

6.
血红蛋白致脑组织水肿机制研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的探讨血红蛋白(hemoglbin,HB)在脑组织水肿中的作用及其机制。方法采用HB 50μL直接注射到wistar大鼠脑尾状核为模型,对大鼠造模后各时间点的神经功能进行评分、脑组织含水量和水通道蛋白4(Aquaporin4)mRNA及蛋白的表达进行观察,并分析其间的联系。结果与对照组相比较注射HB 3 h神经功能评分、脑含水量及AQP4 mRNA和蛋白的含量即开始增高(P<0.05),评分以造模后12 h到24 h,后三项指标则均在术后第24 h达高峰。AQP4干预组注射HB后上述各项指标虽明显高于对照组(P<0.05),但均不如模型组增高明显(P>0.05)。结论大鼠脑尾状核直接注射HB可成功诱发脑水肿,AQP4mRNA和蛋白表达与注射HB后脑水含量的程度呈平行关系,提示AQP4直接参与了HB致脑水肿的病理生理过程。给予氯丙烯干预可抑制AQP4的表达、减轻HB引起的脑水肿,进一步说明AQP4的表达与功能是HB致脑水肿形成的重要病理生理机制之一。  相似文献   

7.
目的研究缺血后处理(IP)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,探讨各组大鼠水通道蛋白-4(AQP4)的表达。方法实验分组:48只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为3组(n=16)。假手术组;对照组:行单纯缺血再灌注;缺血后处理组:IP组。采用线栓法阻断大脑中动脉制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型。大鼠脑缺血再灌注后24 h进行神经行为学评分和脑梗死体积测定,干湿重法测定脑水含量。并行免疫组织化学方法检测海马CA_1区细胞凋亡及AQP4表达的变化并行统计学分析。结果与对照组比较,IP组神经行为学评分明显降低,脑梗死体积、脑组织中的水分含量明显减少(P 0. 05)。再灌注24 h后,对照组海马CA_1区AQP4、凋亡细胞24 h表达量明显增加,IP组与对照组之间比较有差异(P 0. 05)。结论 IP组脑神经行为学评分、脑含水量、脑梗死体积均明显降低,提示缺血后处理可通过抑制AQP4的表达减轻缺血再灌注损伤后的脑水肿,起到脑保护作用。  相似文献   

8.
目的 研究大鼠脑缺血再灌注后水通道蛋白-4(Aquaporin-4 .AQP4)的表达变化.方法 采用栓线法制作大鼠大脑中动脉局灶性缺血再灌注模型.用免疫组化检测大鼠脑内AQP4的动态变化.结果 大鼠脑AQP4蛋白表达与缺血时间、再灌注时间均有相关性(P值分别为P<0.001.P<0.05).结论 缺血时间与再灌注时间对AQP4在鼠脑中的表达均有影响.且存在交互作用.缺血时间越短进行再灌注.脑内AQP4表达水平越低.而缺血6 h后实施再灌注则会导致AQP4急剧增高.  相似文献   

9.
目的探讨黄芪甲苷对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后血脑屏障的保护作用及occludin蛋白表达的影响。方法SD大鼠72只,随机等分为4组,每组18只。A组为假手术组;B组为生理盐水对照组;C组为小剂量黄芪甲苷治疗组,D组为大剂量黄芪甲苷治疗组。采用干湿重法、分光光度计法及免疫组化法分别检测各组大鼠脑组织含水量、伊文氏蓝含量及occludin蛋白的表达水平。结果与A组相比,B组大鼠脑组织含水量、伊文氏蓝含量明显增多,occludin蛋白的表达明显减少(P0.01);与B组相比,C组和D组大鼠脑组织含水量、伊文氏蓝含量显著减少,occludin蛋白的表达显著增加(P0.05;C组与D组相比,大鼠脑组织含水量、伊文氏蓝含量及occludin蛋白的表达无显著差异(P0.05)。结论黄芪甲苷对脑缺血再灌注后血脑屏障具有保护作用,这可能与黄芪甲苷上调occludin蛋白的表达有关。  相似文献   

10.
实验探讨线粒体钙单向转运体抑制剂钌红及激动剂精胺对缺血再灌注大鼠脑水肿的影响。采用线栓法建立大鼠左侧大脑中动脉闭塞大鼠模型,缺血再灌注24 h后,脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠、钌红及精胺干预的脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经功能评分均显著低于假手术大鼠,脑组织含水量,水通道蛋白4蛋白表达、IgG渗出含量均显著高于假手术大鼠;与脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠和脑缺血再灌注后精胺干预大鼠比较,钌红干预的脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经功能评分明显升高,脑组织含水量,水通道蛋白4蛋白表达及IgG渗出含量明显减少。提示预防性应用线粒体钙单向转运体抑制剂钌红可显著的降低水通道蛋白4和IgG的表达,影响血脑屏障通透性,进而降低脑水肿的程度。结论 线粒体钙单向转运体可能在大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤中起重要作用,并能影响AQP4的表达和血脑屏障通透性。  相似文献   

11.
目的研究大鼠脑出血后血脑屏障(BBB)通透性与水通道蛋白4(AQP4)的关系及尼膜同的干预作用。方法采用自体动脉血注入尾状核法制成大鼠脑出血模型,RT-PCR法观察AQP4mRNA的表达,伊文思兰法测量BBB通透性,干湿重法计算脑含水量表示脑水肿。结果与对照组相比,脑出血组及尼膜同组BBB通透性均在出血后6h开始升高(0.5955±0.0956、0.5092±0.0309),1d~3d最高(0.8889±0.0968、0.7826±0.0339和0.7914±0.0520、0.7442±0.0753),尼膜同组低于脑出血组(P<0.05);两组AQP4mRNA表达也于6h即开始升高(1.06±0.12、0.90±0.15),3d时达到高峰(1.34±0.14对1.27±0.14),尼膜同组低于脑出血组(P<0.05);BBB通透性与AQP4mRNA表达呈显著正相关(r=0.686,P<0.01),与脑水肿变化趋势一致。结论脑出血后可能通过上调APQ4mRNA表达,增加BBB通透性,参与脑水肿形成,尼膜同可抑制此过程。  相似文献   

12.
目的脑水肿是脑缺血后主要的病理表现之一,研究表明水通道蛋白4(AQP4)在脑梗死后脑水肿的形成和发展中起着重要作用,目前尚缺乏磁共振弥散加权成像(DWS)与AQP4表达在急性脑缺血-再灌注早期相关性的研究。本文旨在评估大鼠脑缺血—再灌注早期脑损伤区水通道蛋白4表达、DWI信号强度(SI)及表观扩散系数(ADC)之间的相关性以及AQP4表达与缺血性脑水肿之间的关系。方法健康成年SD雄性大鼠(n=40),随机分成4组,分别为脑缺血—再灌注12h、1d、3d组和假手术组,采用线栓法制作大鼠右侧大脑中动脉缺血—再灌注(MCAO/R)模型,Zea Longa评分评价神经功能损伤程度,Philips Achieva 3.0T MRI扫描仪对假手术组和缺血—再灌注后不同时间点大鼠脑部行冠状位DWI扫描,在工作站上重建ADC图,测量基底核层面梗死灶DWI-SI和ADC值,计算相对ADC值(rADC)和相对DWI—SI(rDWI—SI)值。2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色评价梗死体积的变化。免疫组化染色测定AQP4蛋白表达,用平均吸光度(MOD)值评价染色程度。结果假手术组动物麻醉苏醒后未见神经功能缺损,脑缺血—再灌注后12h、1d和3d组大鼠出现不同程度神经功能损伤,1d组最重。假手术组TTC染色未见梗死体积,脑缺血—再灌注后12h、1d和3d梗死体积逐渐增加,3d时最大。水肿变化规律同梗死体积相仿。假手术组海马区及皮质区AQP4免疫组化染色较浅淡,MCAO/R后12h缺血侧海马区及皮质均可见AQP4阳性细胞,12h-3d AQP4的MOD值随时间延长逐渐增高,3d时达到高峰。12h、1d和3d组大鼠脑水肿体积与相应时间点缺血侧皮质区和海马区AQP4表达均呈正相关(r=0.642,r=0.605,均P0.05);三组大鼠基底核区梗死灶rADC值与缺血侧皮质区、海马区AQP4表达均呈正相关(r=0.542,P=0.037;r=0.655,P=0.008)。结论大鼠脑缺血—再灌注早期脑水肿体积、rADC值与AQP4的表达水平存在时间上的相关性。因此结合DWI检查对脑缺血后AQP4表达部位、作用及调节机制进行更深入系统的研究,可能为临床早期治疗缺血性脑水肿提供新的思路。  相似文献   

13.
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) participates in brain edema. However, it is unclear whether blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is associated with TWEAK during the process of brain edema OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of TWEAK on BBB permeability in brain edema. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An immunohistochemical observation, randomized, controlled animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Neurosurgical Anatomy, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University & Central Laboratory, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University between January 2006 and December 2007. MATERIALS: A total of 48 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control (n = 8), sham-operated (n = 8), and ischemia/reperfusion (n = 32). Rats from the ischemia/reperfusion group were randomly assigned to four subgroups according to different time points, i.e., 2 hours of ischemia followed by 6 hours (n = 8), 12 hours (n = 8), 1 day (n = 8), or 12 days (n = 8) of reperfusion. METHODS: Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using the suture method in rats from the ischemia/reperfusion group. Thread was introduced at a depth of 17-19 mm. Rats in the sham-operated group were subjected to experimental procedures similar to the ischemia/reperfusion group; however, the introducing depth of thread was 10 mm. The normal control group was not given any intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: TWEAK expression was examined by immunohistochemistry; brain water content on the ischemic side was calculated as the ratio of dry to wet tissue weight; BBB permeability was measured by Evans blue extravasation. RESULTS: A total of eight rats died prior to and after surgery and an additional eight rats were randomly entered into the study. Thus 48 rats were included in the final analysis. In the ischemia/reperfusion group, TWEAK-positiv  相似文献   

14.
目的观察脑出血后水通道蛋白4(AQP4)和血脑屏障(BBB)超微结构在脑水肿形成中的不同时间点的变化特征,探讨二者在脑水肿形成中的作用机制。方法采用自体非抗凝血注入尾状核制做脑出血模型,免疫组化法检测脑出血后血肿周围组织AQP4的表达,伊文思蓝检测BBB的通透性,干湿重法检测脑水肿含水量,电镜观察BBB超微结构的变化。结果与对照组相比较,脑出血组在脑出血后6h脑含水量、AQP4表达和伊文思蓝含量开始增加,差异有显著性(P<0.05),72h达到最高峰(P<0.05),之后开始下降,到第7天仍高于正常。AQP4表达与BBB通透性呈显著正相关(r=0.726,P<0.05);AQP4表达与脑含水量的变化规律也趋于一致(r=0.793,P<0.05)。BBB电镜观察:脑出血后6h脑微血管内皮细胞吞饮小泡增多、线粒体堆积。72h胶质细胞足突内线粒体逐渐肿胀、模糊,细胞充满大量空泡,基膜断裂。7d内皮细胞回缩,毛细血管基底膜形态开始恢复。结论脑出血后AQP4表达和BBB的通透性有显著相关性,提示脑出血后可能通过提高AQP4的表达水平,增加BBB的通透性,参与脑水肿的形成。  相似文献   

15.
BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that high doses of lidocaine can reduce edema in rats with brain injury by down-regulating aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression. The hypothesis for the present study is that lidocaine could retinal edema that is associated with AQP4 expression.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the interventional effects of lidocaine on retinal AQP4 expression and retinal edema following ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: This study, a randomized, controlled, animal experiment, was performed at the Basic Research Institute, Chongqing Medical University from September 2006 to May 2007.MATERIALS: Seventy-five, healthy, adult, female, Sprague-Dawley rats were included. A total of 50 rats were used to establish a retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury model using an anterior chamber enhancing perfusion unit. Rabbit anti-rat AQP4 antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA.METHODS: All 75 rats were randomly divided into three groups, with 25 rats in each: control, model, and lidocaine. At each time point (1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after modeling, five rats for each time point), each rat in the lidocaine group was intraperitoneally administered lidocaine with an initial dose of 30 mg/kg, followed by subsequent doses of 15 mg/kg every six hours. The entire treatment process lasted three days for each rat. At each above-mentioned time point, rats in the model group were modeled, but not administered any substances. Rats in the control group received the same treatments as in the lidocaine group except that lidocaine was replaceld by physiological saline.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Following hematoxylin-eosin staining, rat retinal tissue was observed to investigate retinal edema degree through the use of an optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. Retinal AQP4 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: At each above-mentioned time point, AQP4 expression was significantly increased in the model group compared to the control group (P<0.05); this change was consistent with the degree of retinal edema. In the lidocaine group, retinal AQP4 expression was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and retinal edema was reduced, compared with the model group.CONCLUSION: Lidocaine inhibits rat retinal AQP4 expression following ischemia/reperfusion injury, leading to a reduction of retinal edema.  相似文献   

16.
目的观察人脑挫裂伤后AQP4和血脑屏障超微结构在脑水肿形成中不同时间点的变化特征,探讨脑水肿的形成机制。方法取脑挫裂伤区组织标本60例(观察组),10例非功能区正常脑组织标本(对照组)。采用免疫组化和图像分析技术测定正常组及观察组伤后2~72 h相应时间点水肿区AQP4的表达水平,同时观察脑水肿含水量,血脑屏障指数,血脑屏障超微结构的变化。结果与正常组相比较,脑挫裂伤组在伤后2 h后AQP4表达开始增加(P<0.05),6 h、8 h、12 h明显增加(P<0.01),24~72 h达到最高(P<0.01)。AQP4表达与脑含水量的变化趋于一致(r=0.912,P<0.01);血脑屏障(BBB)指数与脑含水量的变化趋于一致(r=0.877,P<0.01);水通道蛋白4表达与BBB指数呈显著正相关(r=0.908,P<0.01)。伤后早期血脑屏障结构即发生改变,随后血脑屏障结构被明显破坏,24 h、72 h血脑屏障破坏最为严重。结论脑挫裂伤后AQP4表达明显增强,BBB的通透性增加,提示AQP4在损伤后脑水肿的形成过程中起重要作用。  相似文献   

17.
大鼠重型颅脑损伤急性期水通道蛋白4的表达   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的探讨水通道蛋白(AQP4)在大鼠重型脑外伤急性期的表达变化及其与脑水肿间的关系。方法49只成年雄性SD大鼠,随机分为对照组及实验组(伤后4h、8h、12h、24h、5d共5组)。制作重度冲击加速性损伤模型,分别于伤后4h、8h、12h、24h、72h、5d采用干湿比重法测脑组织含水量,原子吸收分光光度法测定Na^+、K^+含量,Evans Blue(EB)测定法观察大鼠血-脑屏障(BBB)通透性变化,半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测脑组织AQP4 mRNA表达及其变化。结果脑组织AQP4 mRNA在伤后4h开始表达上调,8h、12h依次增高,24h达到峰值(P〈0.05),3d时仍维持较高水平,伤后5d有所降低。脑含水量、Na^+含量的变化与AQP4 mRNA表达变化一致。经相关性分析,AQP4 mRNA的表达与脑含水量及脑EB含量均呈正相关(P〈0.05)。结论重型脑损伤急性期,AQP4 mRNA表达的变化与颅脑损伤后BBB的破坏及脑水肿的形成和发展密切相关。AQP4可能参与重型脑损伤后脑水肿的形成并起重要作用。  相似文献   

18.
BACKGROUND: Ischemic cerebrovascular disease causes injury to the blood-brain barrier. The occurrence of brain edema is associated with aquaporin expression following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation of aquaporin-4 expression to brain edema and blood-brain barrier permeability in brain tissues of rat models of ischemia/reperfusion. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized control experiment was performed at the Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, China from December 2006 to October 2007. MATERIALS: A total of 112 adult, male, Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 220-250 g, were used to establish rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion by the suture method. Rabbit anti-aquaporin-4 (Santa Cruz, USA) and Evans blue (Sigma, USA) were used to analyze the tissue. METHODS: The rats were randomized into sham-operated (n = 16) and ischemia/reperfusion (n = 96) groups. There were 6 time points in the ischemia/reperfusion group, comprising 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after reperfusion, with 16 rats for each time point. Rat models in the sham-operated group at 4 hours after surgery and rat models in the ischemia/reperfusion group at different time points were equally and randomly assigned into 4 different subgroups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Brain water content on the ischemic side and the control side was measured using the dry-wet weight method. Blood-brain barrier function was determined by Evans Blue. Aquaporin-4 expression surrounding the ischemic focus, as well as the correlation of aquaporin-4 expression with brain water content and Evans blue staining, were measured using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Brain water content on the ischemic side significantly increased at 12 hours after reperfusion, reached a peak at 48 hours, and was still high at 72 hours. Brain water content was greater on the ischemic hemispheres, compared with the control hemispheres at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after reperfusion, as well as both hemispheres in the sham-operated group (P<0.05). Evans blue content significantly increased on the ischemic side at 4 hours after ischemi',dreperfusion, and reached a peak at 48 hours. Evans blue content was greater on the ischemic hemispheres, compared with the control hemispheres at various time points, as well as both hemispheres in the sham-operated group (P<0.05). Aquaporin-4-positive cells were detected in the cortex and hippocampus, surrounding the ischemic penumbra focus, at 4-6 hours after ischemia/reperfusion. The number of positive cells significantly increased at 12 hours and reached a peak at 48-72 hours. Aquaporin-4 was, however, weakly expressed in the control hemispheres and the sham-operated group. The absorbance ratio of aquaporin-4 to β-actin was greater at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, compared with the sham-operated group (P<0.05). Aquaporin-4 expression positively correlated to brain water content and Evans blue staining following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (r1 = 0.68, r2= 0.81, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Aquaporin-4 is highly expressed in brain tissues, participates in the occurrence of ischemic brain edema, and is positively correlated to blood-brain barrier permeability following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.  相似文献   

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