孤独症儿童父母人格特征调查

目的探讨孤独症儿童父母人格特征,为干预儿童孤独症提供科学依据。方法选取符合《精神疾病诊断与统计手册(第4版)》(DSM-IV)中孤独症诊断标准的26例孤独症儿童和26例正常儿童,采用孤独症行为量表(ABC)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)分别对两组儿童及其父母其进行测评。结果孤独症儿童父母内外向维度(E维度)得分低于正常儿童父母[(41.75±9.80)vs.(54.21±8.25)],差异有统计学意义(P0.00l),孤独症儿童父母情绪稳定性维度(N维度)、精神质维度(P维度)得分高于正常儿童父母[(59.86±8.72)vs.(49.63±7.79),(53.17±9.16)vs.(46.43±8.44)],差异有统计学意义(P0.00l)。结论孤独症儿童父母人格以偏内向,情绪波动性大,固执已见为主要特征。     

孤独症与多动症神经影像学比较研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍和注意缺陷多动障碍是常见的儿童神经精神发育障碍,孤独症症状和多动症症状经常同时出现。两病在病因、临床表现、认知功能、神经影像学中均存在重叠的表现。尤其两病的神经影像学的研究近年来逐渐成为关注的热点。本文对既往文献进行综述,总结关于孤独症与多动症影像比较的研究进展。     

孤独症谱系障碍儿童面部表情识别的认知神经机制

<正>孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD),包括孤独症、阿斯伯格综合征、儿童期瓦解性障碍以及非特定的广泛性发育障碍等[1]。ASD儿童核心症状表现为社会交往障碍、语言交流障碍以及重复刻板行为等。而面部表情识别能力(facial expression recognition,FER)对有效社会交往有着重要作用。因此,探讨ASD儿童面部表情识别的能     

孤独症儿童父母的人格特征和神经认知功能（英文）

背景:儿童孤独症谱系障碍的日益增多和巨大的家庭负担引起了学术界和社会的关注。目的:研究孤独症儿童(ASD)父母的人格特征和神经认知功能,并与正常发育的孩子父母进行比较。方法:根据精神疾病诊断与统计手册第四版(DSM-IV),这项研究招募了41名符合孤独症谱系障碍诊断标准的中国孩子。对于他们79位亲生父母均采用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)和一套神经心理学测试来进行评估。正常对照组是由80名发育良好的儿童组成,年龄、性别相匹配。结果:留学生较中国学生更经常地使用积极重新关注和我们发现孤独症儿童的父母在P量表中EPQ得分显著高于发育良好的孩子父母(t=1.68,p=0.039),而他们E量表和L量表的评分均显著较低(t=1.84,p=0.035;t=2.07,p=0.023)。我们还确认了孤独症儿童的父母比正常对照花更长的时间来完成连线试验(TMT)A部分和B-M部分(t=1.57,p=0.013;t=0.83,p=0.019)。结论:相对于发育良好的儿童父母,孤独症儿童的父母更偏向于漠不关心、死板、固执、内向、沉默。他们表现出较少的创新性和寻求刺激的行为,并且社会技能和成熟性有限。虽然孤独症儿童的父母的一般认知功能,包括智商在内,都比较完整,但是他们的计划性、灵活性和视觉处理功能是有损伤的。     

情感障碍的认知和神经运动功能损害

本文综述了情感障碍患者认知功能损害和神经运动功能损害的研究最新进展,并提出了今后研究方向。     

孤独症谱系障碍患者生物运动知觉障碍与社会认知功能的关系及其神经机制的研究进展

近年来,孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患者的生物运动知觉障碍越来越受到研究者的关注。生物运动障碍是指无法准确捕捉他人动作传递出的信息状态和意图。研究发现孤独症谱系障碍患者的生物运动知觉障碍与ASD的核心症状社会认知功能缺陷密切相关。本文对孤独症谱系障碍的生物运动知觉障碍与社会认知功能的关系及其神经机制的研究进行梳理,从ASD患者生物运动价值的敏感性不足可能会导致社会功能缺陷、低水平视运动知觉功能缺陷可能导致情绪识别能力障碍两个方面阐述,介绍了ASD生物运动知觉障碍在ASD发生和发展中的作用,并对患者生物运动知觉缺陷的神经机制的相关研究进行了总结。本综述可为深入研究ASD的生物运动知觉障碍与社会认知功能障碍的关系提供参考。     

孤独症谱系障碍患儿婴儿期体格、神经心理发育及脑干听觉诱发电位特征

目的:探讨孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患儿婴儿期体格、神经心理发育及脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)特征。方法:收集21例2～6岁ASD患儿(ASD组)在其1、3、6及12月龄时体格发育资料(体质量、身长和头围)、神经心理发育评估资料[包括智力发展指数(MDI)和精神运动发展指数(PDI)]及BAEP检测结果(包括Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期及I-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ峰间期),并与63名同龄正常儿童(对照组)比较。结果:两组婴儿期各月龄体格发育水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。神经心理发育评估显示,12月龄时ASD组MDI和PDI明显低于对照组(P均<0.01)。BAEP检测结果显示,1及3月龄时ASD组BAEPⅠ波、Ⅲ波、Ⅴ波潜伏期、Ⅰ-Ⅲ峰间期、Ⅲ-Ⅴ峰间期及Ⅰ-Ⅴ峰间期明显长于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。ASD组异常频率最多的是V波潜伏期延长(47.2%)。结论:婴儿期早期(1～3月龄)持续V波潜伏期延长、12月龄时神经心理发育迟缓可能为ASD患儿早期特征性改变,可作为ASD早期预警指标之一。     

孤独症谱系障碍儿童语言/言语情况分析

正孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是以社会交往和沟通模式质的损害,局限、重复刻板的兴趣和行为为临床特征[1];言语障碍为三大核心症状之一。本研究对ASD儿童语言/言语情况进行分析。1对象和方法选取2018年7月至2018年11月期间北京大学第六医院专家门诊确诊为ASD患儿83例,男72例,女11例;年龄29～72个月,平均48个月。由主要照顾者填写自拟ASD语言/言语调查问卷,该问卷表参照2017年ASD儿童早期识别筛查和早期干预专家共识[2],并结合孤独症儿童行为量表(ABC)言语因子项目及儿童沟通量表(CCC-2);总计     

运动干预在孤独症儿童中的应用进展

孤独症谱系障碍(Autism spectrum disorder,ASD)是一种常见的神经发育障碍,其核心缺陷表现在两个方面:社会交流、互动障碍和限制性、重复性行为模式.目前,孤独症谱系障碍的全球患病率逐年上升,其发病机制仍在探索中,治疗与干预方式较多,运动干预对ASD儿童起到一定作用.文章旨在就现今主流的运动干预形式...     

高功能孤独症谱系障碍儿童青少年全脑白质结构网络的研究

目的:对比分析高功能孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童青少年患者的全脑白质结构网络的拓扑属性特征。方法:对36例6~16岁高功能ASD患者以及39例年龄、性别以及智商相匹配的正常发育儿童对照组(TD组)进行弥散张量成像(DTI)扫描,在纤维追踪技术的基础上运用基于图论的分析方法分析两组被试脑网络的拓扑属性值,并进一步探讨高功能ASD儿童青少年脑网络拓扑属性特征值与年龄以及临床症状之间的相关性。结果:与TD组相比,高功能ASD儿童青少年脑结构网络的全局拓扑属性异常,表现为局部效率(Eloc)(P=0.02)和校正集群系数(γ)的显著降低(P=0.00)。结论:儿童青少年期高功能ASD全脑白质结构网络存在着小世界属性;与TD组相比,高功能ASD组全脑局部信息处理效率降低。     

Face Discrimination Skills in Prader-Willi Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Individuals with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) are at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including socialization problems. The PWS chromosome 15q11-13 maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) subtype displays greater ASD symptoms than the paternal deletion (DEL) subtype. Since interpreting faces leads to successful socialization, we compared face discrimination in PWS with ASD to explore the socialization characteristics of these disorders. Although face processing impairment in ASD is well documented, PWS face processing research is limited. Forty-four PWS participants (14 DEL and 19 mUPD) and 17 participants with ASD were measured on face discrimination. PWS and ASD participants scored in the impaired functioning range. For primary findings, DEL and mUPD PWS genetic subtype groups did not differ. These findings suggest PWS individuals, regardless of subtype, show impaired face processing similar to ASD. This research highlights the need for additional research on social cognitive functioning in PWS to understand the role of 15q11-13 in ASD.     

Imitation and language abilities in adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder without language delay

Introduction Difficulties imitating gestures have been found in several studies in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). It has been hypothesized that imitation abilities might be precursors of language abilities in young children with autism. No study on imitation and language abilities in adolescents with ASD has been performed to date. Methods Fifteen male adolescents with ASD, 16 male and 13 female controls were compared regarding imitation abilities of upper and lower facial movements, and language skills as assessed by the pragmatic rating scale and the Aachen Aphasia test (AAT). Results Autism Spectrum Disorder subjects showed reduced imitation abilities of facial movements and non-meaningful combined hand-and-finger gestures. Regarding language, ASD subjects showed difficulties in AAT spontaneous speech measures and reduced pragmatic language abilities. Correlations of imitation and language measures differed between ASD, male and female controls. Conclusion The weak and differential correlations of imitation and language measures in the three comparison groups might imply a differential organization of language and imitation networks in the three comparison groups. Pragmatic abilities, which are a central feature in ASD, were not related to imitation abilities. Therefore, imitation and language abilities in ASD might not be as closely correlated as previously expected. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Identification of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review

Introduction: autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) seem to influence the risk of and vulnerability to exposure to trauma and adverse events. While assessment of a psychiatric disorder in ASD and ID generally is challenging, identification of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) seems particularly so, and knowledge does not seem easily accessible. Methods: This article provides a systematic review of studies describing trauma reactions in individuals with both ASD and ID, including studies involving any single case with the combination of ASD, ID, and PTSD. To systematically explore PTSD symptom presentation in the group, all reported symptoms from studies were assigned by DSM-5 criteria. Results: Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria, eight group studies and 10 case studies. Assessment methodology in studies varied, as did the format of symptom report. DSM-5 criteria provided a useful framework for integrating findings across studies, indicating that PTSD may be identified in individuals with ASD and ID. However, symptoms involving alterations in arousal and negative alterations in thought and behavior seem more easily identified than symptoms of reexperiencing and avoidance. Conclusions: There is an urgent need to identify behavioral equivalents to PTSD symptoms in this group, making it possible to identify warning signs of trauma and abuse even if such incidents are not known to family or professional carers.     

Association Between Abnormal Fetal Head Growth and Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Differences in Developmental Concerns of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Across Racial/Ethnic Groups

Purpose: Parents/caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have varying types of initial concerns regarding their child’s development, which may be culturally bound to parents’ perceptions of their child’s development. This study investigated differences in the types of initial developmental concerns reported by parents or caregivers of different racial/ethnic groups with children in an early intervention program.

Method: This study examined the frequency of endorsement of different types of concerns in African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic families.

Results: No significant differences between racial/ethnic groups were found in the endorsement of concerns related to communication, language/speech, motor, problem behavior, sensory, feeding, prematurity, attention, adaptive functioning, and medical conditions. Racial/ethnic groups differed significantly in their endorsement for social concerns.

Conclusion: Racial/ethnic group differences were confirmed regarding initial developmental concerns related to social behavior, which may be due to cultural beliefs. The implications of these findings on early identification are discussed.     

Mood and Anxiety Symptoms in Psychiatric Inpatients with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Depression

Recent reports suggest that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may experience depression at a high frequency, yet few published studies address this issue, especially among adults. In the current investigation, we reviewed features of depression and comorbid traits among depressed inpatients with intellectual disabilities (ID) as a function of ASD. A retrospective chart review was performed for 53 inpatients meeting criteria for depression (13 individuals with ASD and ID and 40 matched individuals with ID but without ASD), all of whom had received a diagnosis of depression at the time of discharge from a specialty psychiatric unit for adults with ID. The depression diagnoses were based on a comprehensive clinical assessment; specific mood and anxiety symptoms were reported by informants at the time of intake using the Mood and Anxiety Semi-Structured (MASS) Interview for Patients with Intellectual Disabilities (Charlot, Deutsch, Hunt, Fletcher, & McIlvane, 2007 Charlot, L., Deutsch, C., Hunt, A., Fletcher, K. and McIlvane, W. 2007. Validation of the Mood and Anxiety Semi-Structured (MASS) Interview for Patients with Intellectual Disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Research, 51: 821–834. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Overall, few qualitative differences were detected between the 2 groups. Both depressed inpatient groups had high rates of comorbid anxiety disorders as well as externalizing behaviors. Inpatients with ASD had a total of 2 more symptoms (out of 29 possible symptom items) than their depressed peers without an ASD diagnosis (mean scores of 12.23 and 9.85, respectively). Anxiety disorders were reported in 62% of individuals with ASD and 38% of those without ASD. Antipsychotic medication was prevalent among the patients with ASD and depression. Over 80% of the inpatients with ASD and depression, compared with 49% of the non-ASD group, were treated with these medications.     

Delayed Self-recognition in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

This study aimed to investigate temporally extended self-awareness (awareness of one’s place in and continued existence through time) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), using the delayed self-recognition (DSR) paradigm (Povinelli et al., Child Development 67:1540–1554, 1996). Relative to age and verbal ability matched comparison children, children with ASD showed unattenuated performance on the DSR task, despite showing significant impairments in theory-of-mind task performance, and a reduced propensity to use personal pronouns to refer to themselves. The results may indicate intact temporally extended self-awareness in ASD. However, it may be that the DSR task is not an unambiguous measure of temporally extended self-awareness and it can be passed through strategies which do not require the possession of a temporally extended self-concept.