与睡眠相关的中枢单胺类递质

本扼要介绍国外近几年来一些与睡眠有关的中枢单胺类递质的研究进展。     

急性脑卒中后焦虑抑郁共病状态血清单胺类递质的变化研究

目的探讨急性脑卒中后焦虑抑郁共病患者血清单胺类递质水平的关系。方法采用荧光分光光度计法测定33例急性卒中后焦虑抑郁共病患者、22例急性卒中后抑郁患者、49例卒中后非焦虑抑郁患者及37例正常人血清单胺类递质的水平。结果急性脑卒中后焦虑抑郁共病组和PSD组血清中，NE、5-HT、DA含量低于非焦虑抑郁组和对照组，共病组NE、5-HT高于抑郁组，其中5-HT差异有显著意义，而非焦虑抑郁组血清中，单胺类递质的含量亦低于对照组。而大脑左侧及前部卒中患者的血清中单胺类递质水平低于其它卒中部位患者（P〈0．05）。结论急性脑卒中后焦虑抑郁共病组和单纯PSD的发生与血清中单胺类神经递质的降低有关。     

卒中后抑郁大鼠的多导睡眠图研究

目的 探索制备理想的PSD大鼠模型及其多导睡眠图变化.方法 SD大鼠采用双侧颈总动脉结扎法制备脑卒中大鼠模型,在此基础上结合孤养、中度的不可预测应激刺激复合制备脑PSD模型,以大鼠蔗糖水饮用量实验、体重变化、Open-Field实验、多导睡眠图等来检测模型的可行性.结果 PSD组与对照组和卒中组相比,体重增长减缓(P<0.01),蔗糖水饮用量减少(P<0.01),Open-Field实验活动量减少(P<0.01),多导睡眠图中,REM潜伏期缩短和REM时间减少(P<0.01).结论 采用大鼠双侧颈总动脉永久结扎结合不可预知应激和孤养法制备的模型,模拟了PSD的发病机制,是研究PSD的理想模型;多导睡眠图可以作为PSD动物模型制备成功的参考指标.     

卒中后抑郁与卒中部位的相关研究

目的 探讨卒中后抑郁（post-stroke depression PSI））与卒中病灶部位的关系。方法通过CT或MRI进行卒中病灶定位,采用Hamilton抑郁量表对200例卒中患者在发病2周和3月进行调查评分。结果急性期和恢复期大脑半球左侧、右侧、双侧卒中PSD发生率无统计学差异。2周时大脑半球前部与后部卒中病灶两PSD发生率无统计学差异（x^2=1．9546,P〉0．1）。3月时大脑半球前部与后部卒中痛灶两PSD发生率有统计学差异（x^2=6．04,P〈0．05）。结论PSD的发生无半球偏利性。急性期大脑半球前部卒中病灶与PSD无明显相关性。恢复期走脑半球前部卒中病灶与PSD存在相关性。     

卒中后抑郁患者的认知功能、自主神经功能及血浆单胺类神经递质水平的相关性

目的探讨卒中后抑郁(PSD)患者认知功能、自主神经功能与血浆单胺类神经递质水平的相关性。方法对33例PSD患者(PSD组)和33名健康对照者(正常对照组)进行事件相关电位(ERP)、交感神经皮肤反应(SSR)和血浆单胺类神经递质水平的测定;对检测结果进行Pearson多元相关分析。结果与正常对照组比较,PSD组ERP(P300、N400、CNV及MMN)、SSR各波潜伏期明显延长(均P<0.01),波幅明显下降(均P<0.01);血浆单胺类神经递质水平明显降低(均P<0.01)。PSD组各项指标间均具有相关性(P<0.05～0.01)。结论PSD患者血浆单胺类神经递质水平降低与其认知功能及自主神经功能障碍相关。     

卒中后抑郁患者匹兹堡睡眠量表与多道睡眠图研究

目的 探讨卒中后抑郁（PSD）患者的主观睡眠和客观睡眠情况,比较两种评估结果是否一致.方法 使用匹兹堡睡眠量表指数（PSQI）对PSD组和对照组患者的主观睡眠状况进行评估,并应用多道睡眠仪（PSG）对PSD组患者的客观睡眠状况进行记录,比较PSD组主客观睡眠的各项指标.结果 PSD组与对照组比较,PSQI各因子分及总分值偏高,差异有显著性;PSD组患者主观睡眠比客观睡眠障碍更加严重,差异有显著性.结论 PSD患者存在睡眠障碍,且PSD患者主观睡眠障碍比客观睡眠障碍更加严重.     

卒中后抑郁患者的多项睡眠图研究

目的:探讨多项睡眠图(PSG)各项指标对卒中后抑郁(PSD)患者的诊断价值.方法:卒中后抑郁组(PSD组)和卒中后无抑郁组(对照组)以年龄1∶1配对,用PSG仪对两组各59例患者进行整夜睡眠描记并对结果进行分析.结果:睡眠进程:PSD组睡眠潜伏期延长,觉醒时间增多,睡眠总时间减少,睡眠效率下降,睡眠维持率下降,两组比较...     

睡眠时长和睡眠质量与卒中后抑郁状态的关系研究

目的 探讨睡眠时长和睡眠质量与卒中后抑郁状态的关系.方法 前瞻性连续纳入2017年7月-2019年5月在天津医科大学总医院神经内科住院的卒中患者为研究对象,根据抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)和17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression scale-1...     

卒中后抑郁状态患者的血浆、脑脊液单胺类神经递质测定

目的　探讨卒中后抑郁状态与血浆、脑脊液单胺类递质水平的关系。方法　采用高压液相色谱仪 ,测定 32例卒中后抑郁状态患者、30例卒中后无抑郁状态患者及 2 8名正常人的血浆、脑脊液单胺类递质水平 ,进行对照分析。结果　卒中后抑郁状态患者血浆、脑脊液中单胺类递质水平[多巴胺 (DA) =(2 6± 0 4) μmol L ,(2 0± 0 3) μmol L ;去甲肾上腺素 (NE) =(0 19± 0 0 6 ) μmol L ,(0 14± 0 0 6 ) μmol L ;5 羟色胺 (5 HT) =(1 0 9± 0 30 ) μmol L ,(0 6 0± 0 12 ) μmol L]低于卒中后无抑郁组 [DA =(3 2± 0 5 ) μmol L ,(2 6± 0 4) μmol L ;NE =(0 31± 0 12 ) μmol L ,(0 2 8± 0 0 8) μmol L ;5 HT=(1 31± 0 40 ) μmol L ,(1 11± 0 40 ) μmol L]及正常对照组 [DA =(2 9± 0 5 ) μmol L ,(2 2± 0 6 )μmol L ;NE =(0 2 7± 0 70 ) μmol L ,(0 2 3± 0 0 8) μmol L ;5 HT =(1 19± 0 30 ) μmol L ,(0 88± 0 0 7)μmol L],而大脑左侧及前部卒中患者的血浆、脑脊液中单胺类递质水平低于其它卒中部位患者 (P <0 0 5 ) ,脑脊液单胺类递质水平与抑郁程度呈负相关 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　卒中后抑郁状态的发生与血浆、脑脊液中单胺类神经递质的降低有关     

卒中后抑郁与脑卒中患者载脂蛋白E水平对照研究

目的:探讨卒中后抑郁(PSD)患者载脂蛋白E(ApoE)水平特点,为PSD的诊断提供新的客观依据。方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR技术和酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测PSD患者及卒中后非抑郁患者ApoE水平。结果:PSD组ApoE基因mRNA表达量低于卒中组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);PSD组血清ApoE水平高于卒中组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:PSD患者外周血ApoE基因mRNA表达和血清ApoE水平与卒中非抑郁患者不同。     

Pre-stroke sleep duration and post-stroke depression

ObjectiveSleep disturbance and depression are common in stroke patients, however, little is known about the role of sleep in post-stroke depression. This study examined the association between pre-stroke sleep duration and depression at 90 days post-stroke in a population-based bi-ethnic sample.MethodsThe study included 1369 stroke patients from the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi project who survived 90 days post-stroke. Depression at 90 days post-stroke was assessed by the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and pre-stroke sleep duration was self-reported shortly after stroke in reference to the pre-stroke state. Multiple imputation and inverse probability weighting were used to deal with missing data and attrition. Weighted logistic regression models were fit to examine the association between pre-stroke sleep duration and post-stroke depression.ResultsThe mean age was 68.2 years, and 63.6% were Mexican American. The prevalence of post-stroke depression was highest among participants reporting less than 6 hours of sleep before stroke (52.4%, 95% confidence interval = 45.7%–59.0%). Compared with participants reporting 7–8 hours of sleep before stroke, those with short sleep duration had significantly increased odds for post-stroke depression (odds ratio = 1.96; 95% confidence interval = 1.38–2.79), after adjustment for sociodemographic, stroke and pre-stroke characteristics including pre-stroke depression.ConclusionsPre-stroke short sleep duration may be an independent risk factor for post-stroke depression.     

脑卒中后抑郁状态的多导睡眠图研究

目的：探讨脑卒中后抑郁状态患者的睡眠图异常改变及与抑郁症之间的差异。方法：采用多导睡眠图对６２例脑卒中和３０例抑郁症患者进行整夜睡眠描记，并与对照组比较。结果：卒中后抑郁组与对照组和非抑郁组比较多项睡眠指标均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）；卒中后抑郁组的ＲＥＭ睡眠时间和密度明显低于抑郁症组，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：卒中后抑郁状态病人除具有睡眠障碍在多导睡眠图改变外，ＲＥＭ睡眠时间和密度是一个较为特征性的改变，卒中后抑郁状态的发生可能与脑内５－ＴＨ递质改变有关。     

卒中后抑郁患者药物及心理治疗

目的探讨抗抑郁药物和心理治疗对卒中后抑郁(PSD)及神经功能康复的影响。方法对1999~2001年神经内科150例脑卒中患者中符合PSD54例随机分为两组:心理治疗联合黛力新组和黛力新治疗组,于治疗前和治疗4周后分别测定HAMD、日常生活能力BI。结果治疗后两组抑郁焦虑情绪明显改善(P<0.01),日常生活能力明显提高(P<0.05),并且心理治疗联合黛力新组比单用黛力新治疗更有效(P<0.05)。结论心理治疗联合黛力新治疗PSD,不仅能显著改善患者的抑郁状态,而且能促进神经功能的康复,改善日常生活能力。     

Characteristics of post-stroke depression in Japanese patients

Post-stroke depression (PSD) has an important impact on the quality of life of patients with stroke. We studied 100 stroke patients (mean age+/-SD: 64.6+/-11.6, range: 32-85 years) in the subacute phase (2-5 weeks after onset) and investigated the prevalence and clinical correlates of PSD in the subacute phase. The prevalences of PSD and major depression in the subacute phase evaluated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, were 20.0 and 5.0%, respectively. These values were lower than those reported in Caucasian studies. The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) did not underestimate the presence of PSD and was thus considered valuable for the initial screening of PSD. However, SDS may overestimate PSD especially in patients with anxiety disorders or somatoform disorders and vice versa. Apathy was observed in 40.2% of patients; however, it was widely distributed and observed even in patients without serious depression.     

Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid substance P in post-stroke patients with depression

Aims: To investigate the correlation between the incidence of post‐stroke depression (PSD) and the levels of substance P (SP) in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods: Ninety‐one stroke patients were divided into PSD (n = 46) and post‐stroke (without depression) groups (n = 45). PSD must have occurred 2–4 weeks after the onset of the stroke and was determined by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). In addition, the subjects were divided into anterior (n = 67) and posterior circulation stroke groups (n = 24) based on the location of the focus as determined by computed tomography. All recruited patients were graded by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Results: The results included the following findings: (i) the level of plasma SP in the PSD group (58.47 ± 14.39) was higher than that of the PS group (36.98 ± 9.49; P = 0.000), while the level of CSF SP in the PSD group (72.13 ± 13.06) was higher than that of the post‐stroke group (37.30 ± 12.57; P = 0.03); (ii) the level of plasma SP was positively correlated with the HAMD and NIHSS score; (iii) the level of plasma SP (38.45 ± 12.23), the HAMD score (9.08 ± 8.72), and the NIHSS score (3.25 ± 1.90) of the anterior stroke group (51.21 ± 16.27, 17.46 ± 15.96, and 6.91 ± 3.30, respectively) were higher than those of the posterior stroke group (38.45 ± 12.23, 9.08 ± 8.7, and 3.25 ± 1.90, respectively; P = 0.017, P = 0.001, and P = 0.000, respectively). Conclusions: SP in the plasma and CSF of patients exhibited a close correlation with neural damage and the incidence of PSD. This study also suggested that anterior hemispheric strokes may play a significant role in development of PSD.     

腔隙性脑梗死患者卒中后抑郁的临床分析

目的 探讨腔隙性脑梗死(腔梗)患者发生卒中后抑郁(PSD)的特点及其相关因素.方法 138例经CT和MRI证实的腔梗患者根据Hamilton抑郁量表(HAMD)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分分为PSD组及非PSD组;分析梗死灶的部位、数量、患者年龄、文化程度、神经功能缺损程度评分、伴发疾病等对PSD的影响.结果 本组PSD发生率为31.2％(43例);多为轻度抑郁,焦虑/躯体化症状为重;与非PSD组比较,PSD组患者年龄≥65岁、文化程度低、伴高血压病的比率以及神经功能缺损程度评分明显增高(P＜0.01 ～0.001);神经功能缺损程度评分与PSD正相关(r=0.988,P＜0.01).梗死灶多发或位于丘脑、尾状核、豆状核的患者PSD发生率显著高于单梗死灶或其位于皮质下白质的患者(均P＜0.01).结论 腔梗患者PSD多为轻度,焦虑/躯体化症状较重;PSD与病灶部位、病情以及文化程度等生物-心理-社会多因素有关.     

老年人脑卒中后抑郁的临床研究

目的:探讨老年人脑卒中后抑郁(PSD)的临床特征和西酞普兰的疗效。方法:65岁以上首次发作的老年脑卒中患者230例,于卒中15天后进行日常生活能力(ADL)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、简明智能量表(MMSE)评估,对伴有卒中后抑郁的患者给予西酞普兰治疗,3个月后随访,并与对照组比较。结果:经随访评估合并PSD患者90例,占39.1%;PSD的发生率与卒中类型无关;脑叶和左侧半球与PSD发生具有相关趋势(OR>1,P=0.10);抑郁组与无抑郁组患者ADL及MMSE评分比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);经抗抑郁治疗后,西酞普兰组患者的抑郁症状逐渐好转,HAMD及ADL评分明显改善。结论:PSD的发生率高达39.1%;PSD对ADL和MMSE可产生明显影响;西酞普兰治疗PSD有良好疗效。