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1.
The goal of this research is to identify and study the mental hygiene and its related factors (individual, family, organizational) in the Kerman special schools teachers. 266 teachers of the special schools of the cities of the province Kerman were chosen as the research sample. The necessary data were obtained by questionnaire which its validity and reliability were determined. The statistical analysis of the research findings (by Spearman coefficient test) Man-Whithey and Kruskal wallis tests showed that there was a positive and meaningful relationship between Level of education, service of record the number of the members of teachers family, income, dwelling-place, economic power, acceptance of the teachers job in their family, leadership style, suitable educational possibilities, suitable educational space, job satisfaction with the mental hygiene of the teachers. The results of the research also showed that the Kerman special schools teachers enjoyed a relatively desirable mental hygiene.  相似文献   

2.
Sustained interactions and responses to social bids made by children with autism and verbal-age–matched children with mental retardation were recorded in two naturalistic settings. Children with autism produced fewer positive responses and more no responses than children with mental retardation; both groups were more likely to make positive responses to adults and not to respond to other children. Furthermore, although the frequency of conversations was not different for the two groups, children with autism were significantly less likely to engage in sustained play compared to children with mental retardation. Results suggest that children with autism are able to master the more rote and need-oriented social skills, such as simple conversation, but may not develop other forms of social interactions, like play.  相似文献   

3.
Five diagnostic systems designed to differentiate infantile autism and early childhood schizophrenia were compared by deriving scores on 44 children referred consecutively to the same clinical center. While the autistic scales devised by Rimland, Polan and Spencer, Lotter, and the British Working Party correlated significantly, the degree of correspondence (35%) indicated that several children obtained high autistic scores in one system but low scores in another. The BWP's term schizophrenia has more correspondence with the term autism used by others than with Rimland's schizophrenia. In the DeMyer-Churchill categorical system (early schizophrenia, primary autism, secondary autism, and non-psychotic subnormal), primary autism most resembles Rimland's concept of infantile autism as measured by his E-1 version. All other systems differentiate psychotic from non-psychotic children but do not distinguish any of the psychotic subgroups.This study was supported in part by Public Health Service Grant No. MH05154 and also by LaRue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, State of Indiana, Indianapolis, Ind.The authors wish to thank Dr. Bernard Rimland for providing his scoring key.  相似文献   

4.
Previous studies have indicated that a pictorial representation of a prior belief can help 3-year-old children (Mitchell & Lacohée, 1991) as well as children with autism (Charman & Lynggaard, 1998) to pass false belief tasks that used the deceptive box or Smarties paradigm. The studies reported here attempted to replicate these findings using the unexpected transfer or Sally-Anne paradigm, which requires children to predict the actions of a protagonist on the basis of a false belief. Results showed no facilitative effect on Sally-Anne task performance for the children with autism or for comparison children of either representational or nonrepresentational cues. This effect was found even in children who benefited from the intervention with the deceptive box paradigm. The findings raise issues regarding the way false belief tasks are conceptualized by experimenters and the demands different false belief paradigms make on children.  相似文献   

5.
Different types of amyloid -protein (A)-containing plaques occur in brains of Alzheimers disease (AD) patients. Diffuse plaques seen during early stages of AD differ from neuritic plaques in later stages both with respect to the length of the A peptides and the presence of other proteins, e.g., apolipoprotein-E (apoE). Since apoE is involved in A transport and clearance, and the 4-allele of the apolipoprotein-E gene (APOE) is a major risk factor for sporadic AD, it is plausible to speculate that apoE plays a pathophysiological role in the initiation of A deposition. To address the issue of whether binding of apoE to A is involved in initial A deposition, we studied the human medial temporal lobe of 60 autopsy cases encompassing the full spectrum of AD-related pathology. In temporal lobe regions, which become involved for the first time at a given stage of -amyloidosis, all plaques represent newly formed plaques, and these were studied with immunohistochemical methods. ApoE was present in 36 cases, and was frequently co-localized with newly formed A deposits detectable with anti-A42 but not with antibodies raised against N-terminal epitopes of A. In 10 additional cases, immunoreactivity against apoE was completely lacking in newly formed plaques, which, at the same time, displayed immunoreactivity against N-terminal epitopes of A. The failure of N-terminal epitopes of A to co-localize with apoE in newly formed plaques indicates that these deposits presumably contain apoE-A complexes, in which the N-terminal epitopes of A are often concealed after complexing with apoE, thus preventing subsequent binding of antibodies. Moreover, apoE-positive newly formed plaques were seen more frequently in APOE 4/4 cases than in non-APOE 4/4 individuals, thereby underlining the potentially crucial role of apoE for the development of A deposits.  相似文献   

6.
Family intervention for serious mental illness is known to be highly efficacious in reducing patient relapse, improving social functioning, enhancing caregivers knowledge of mental illness, and ultimately reducing overall costs of care. However, very few families receive services. The reasons for this gap between empirical findings and program implementation are complex and not yet fully understood. Prochaska and DiClementes Readiness to Change Model provides a helpful structure for understanding key issues for the four relevant stakeholders (patients, family members, clinicians and administrators). Staging each stakeholder group and applying corresponding interventions (processes of change) are useful in a sites implementation of family services.  相似文献   

7.
Gastrointestinal disorders observed in autistic children prompted a series of related investigations of biological abnormalities. TCDC electrophysiologic recordings, histamine wheal response tests, eosinophile counts, blood cortisol determinations, and behavioral observations involving 15 autistic children were conducted to study several interrelationships, particularly malabsorption and cerebral dysfunction. Control subjects included siblings, other normal children, and normal, schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic adults. Observed differences tended to support approaches that distinguish autism from the large majority of the schizophrenias. Characteristic DC bursts were found in autistic children, suggesting a maturational failure of a brain control system. Abnormal response of their TCDC system to gliadin and cortisol postulated an underlying cerebral defect affected by stress, diet, or other chemical change. Conclusions imply a fundamental neurobiological dysfunction in childhood autism, its possible correlation with malabsorption, and mutual compatibility of various other approaches to etiology.Funds for this research project were generously provided by Ellen and St. John Garwood, Austin, Tex. Facilities for testing at the Albany Medical Center were made available by Professor Ian Porter. The Plasma 17-OH Cortisosteroid determinations were made by Dr. M. Miller of Syracuse Veterans Administration Hospital.  相似文献   

8.
The practice patterns of consumer andnon-consumer providers of assertive community treatmentare compared using both quantitative and qualitativedata collected as part of a randomized trial. Activity log data showed that there were few substantivedifferences in the pattern of either the administrativeor direct service tasks performed by the two teams. Incontrast, the qualitative data revealed that there were discernable differences in theculture of the two teams. The consumerteam culture emphasized beingthere with the client while the non-consumer teamwas more concerned with accomplishing tasks.  相似文献   

9.
To examine what the general public is learning about Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) through popular magazines, all articles listed in the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature under the topic headings of obsessive-compulsive behavior or obsessive-compulsive disorder between 1983 and 1997 were read and rated. Only 31 of the 107 articles under these headings dealt explicitly with OCD, and these were found to be reasonably accurate in their presentations of symptoms, causes, and treatments. Many of the other articles under the target headings, however, focused on incidents of stalking of famous people by obsessed fans. The implications of the content patterns of these articles for understanding and misunderstanding of OCD are discussed.  相似文献   

10.
This paper concerns the relationship between authority structures and two problems reported in the literature as common to milieu or therapeutic community wards. Psychiatric wards with rational-legal and charismatic authority structures are found more likely to experience mood and morale swings on the part of patients and staff and to spend excessive time and energy changing ward rules.  相似文献   

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