颈动脉内膜切除术的手术技巧与疗效简

目的探讨颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颈动脉狭窄的手术技巧,提高手术疗效,降低术中不良事件及术后并发症发生率。方法共53例颈动脉狭窄患者,右侧狭窄26例、左侧15例、双侧12例;中度狭窄（30％～69％）35例、重度狭窄（70％～99％）16例、完全闭塞2例。结果其中50例单纯行颈动脉内膜切除术、2例行颈动脉内膜切除术联合动脉瘤夹闭术、1例颈动脉支架成形术后管腔狭窄者行颈动脉内膜切除术并支架取出术。术后颈部CTA及灌注成像提示颈动脉血管形态良好、血流通畅,脑组织灌注不同程度改善。随访3～24个月,1例因心肌梗死死亡、2例术侧颈部皮肤麻木、1例声音嘶哑、3例仍有轻度短暂性脑缺血发作,无脑卒中病例。结论颈动脉内膜切除术是治疗颈动脉狭窄性病变安全、有效的外科方法,正确选择手术适应证及娴熟的手术技巧是保证手术成功、提高疗效的关键。     

颈动脉内膜显微切除术疗效观察（附24例分析）

目的探讨颈动脉内膜切除术的适应证及疗效。方法回顾性分析24例颈动脉狭窄的手术经验。颈动脉狭窄70％-99％18例，30％～69％6例。均行颈动脉内膜切除术，术后长期口服肠溶阿司匹林。结果术后出现舌下神经损伤1例，切口出血1例。随访1～54个月，生存率和缺血性脑卒中发生率术后2年分别为92.3％和0，术后4年分别为79．1％和0。超声检查发现手术侧颈内动脉再狭窄2例，狭窄程度为50％-60％。结论颈动脉内膜切除术是治疗颅外颈内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的有效方法。     

颈动脉内膜切除术的手术技巧与疗效

目的探讨颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颈动脉狭窄的手术技巧,提高手术疗效,降低术中不良事件及术后并发症发生率。方法共53例颈动脉狭窄患者,右侧狭窄26例、左侧15例、双侧12例;中度狭窄(30%~69%)35例、重度狭窄(70%~99%)16例、完全闭塞2例。结果其中50例单纯行颈动脉内膜切除术、2例行颈动脉内膜切除术联合动脉瘤夹闭术、1例颈动脉支架成形术后管腔狭窄者行颈动脉内膜切除术并支架取出术。术后颈部CTA及灌注成像提示颈动脉血管形态良好、血流通畅,脑组织灌注不同程度改善。随访3~24个月,1例因心肌梗死死亡、2例术侧颈部皮肤麻木、1例声音嘶哑、3例仍有轻度短暂性脑缺血发作,无脑卒中病例。结论颈动脉内膜切除术是治疗颈动脉狭窄性病变安全、有效的外科方法,正确选择手术适应证及娴熟的手术技巧是保证手术成功、提高疗效的关键。     

标准式与外翻式颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颈动脉狭窄

目的 探讨标准式与外翻式颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颈动脉狭窄的临床应用.方法 总结颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颈动脉粥样硬化狭窄81例患者的临床资料,共90侧,标准术式25侧,外翻术式65侧,分析两种术式的特点,评价其应用价值及疗效.结果 手术均获成功,动脉阻断时间为:标准式为13.4 -48.2 min,外翻式为14.5 - 31.2 min.术后患者均复查颅颈CTA,必要时复查颅脑CT,显示手术侧颈动脉形态正常.采用标准式中2例2侧术后出现术侧脑梗死灶,另有2例2侧术后11个月出现吻合口区域粥样斑块形成、再狭窄;外翻式中1例1侧术后14个月出现再狭窄;8例8侧颈内动脉狭窄伴扭曲者采用外翻式后扭曲消失.结论 标准式及外翻式颈动脉内膜切除术可以有效地治疗颈动脉狭窄,预防脑卒中.两种手术方式各有特点,应根据手术者的习惯、熟练程度以及患者病变、影像、解剖特点等选择合适的手术方式.     

颈动脉狭窄的诊断与治疗

目的 研究颈动脉狭窄的诊断与治疗方法。方法 选择短暂性脑缺血性发作(TIA)患者行全脑血管造影,了解血管病变部位和狭窄程度。颈动脉狭窄<50％者行颈动脉注射尿激酶治疗;颈动脉狭窄>50％者行颈动脉内膜剥脱手术或血管内支架置入治疗。结果 4年来58例TIA患者中,发现颈动脉狭窄16例,其中狭窄<50％者8例经尿激酶颈动脉注射治疗后,TIA终止;狭窄>70%者8例,其中1例动脉粥样硬化斑块性狭窄行颈动脉内膜剥脱术,5例动脉粥样硬化斑块性狭窄、1例多发性大动脉炎及1例颈动脉夹层动脉瘤均行自膨式支架置入治疗。7例患者8处病变共置入自膨式支架12枚,治疗效果良好,随访3～20个月无再狭窄发生。结论 颈动脉狭窄是TIA发作的重要原因,而颈动脉内膜剥脱术和支架置入是治疗颈动脉狭窄的有效手段。     

CEA治疗伴对侧颈内动脉闭塞的颈动脉重度狭窄的疗效

目的评价颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗一侧颈内动脉重度狭窄伴对侧颈内动脉闭塞的疗效。方法回顾性分析11例患者的临床资料,包括围手术期并发症及近远期疗效;并比较术前及术后3个月颈部及大脑中动脉血管血流峰值。结果即刻成功率为100%,术后患者脑缺血症状均得到改善,围手术期无病例死亡或缺血性脑卒中等严重并发症发生,仅有1例出现皮下血肿、1例出现短暂声音嘶哑,经积极治疗后均好转。随访率100%,随访时间6~61(32.5±17.2)个月。患者均无术侧颈动脉再狭窄,其中1例再发对侧缺血性脑卒中。术后患者颈动脉血流峰值及大脑中动脉收缩期血流峰值与术前比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论对于一侧颈内动脉重度狭窄伴对侧颈动脉闭塞的高危患者,颈动脉内膜剥脱术具有满意的围手术期结果和较好的远期脑卒中预防疗效。     

双侧颈动脉近闭塞性狭窄合并严重冠状动脉狭窄2例并文献复习

同时存在严重冠状动脉和颈动脉狭窄的患者临床治疗困难且风险很高。天津医科大学总医院神经外科于2020年5—7月收治2例双侧颈动脉近闭塞性狭窄合并严重冠状动脉狭窄的患者, 其中例1患者一期行左侧颈动脉支架置入术, 二期同时行右侧颈动脉内膜切除术和冠状动脉旁路移植术;例2患者一期行右侧颈动脉支架置入术, 二期同时行左侧颈动脉内膜切除术和冠状动脉旁路移植术。2例患者术后均无并发症发生并安全出院。一期行颈动脉支架置入术, 二期同时行对侧颈动脉内膜切除术和冠状动脉旁路移植术对双侧颈动脉近闭塞性狭窄同时合并严重冠状动脉狭窄的患者可能是一种安全、可行的治疗方案。     

颈动脉内膜剥除术治疗颈动脉狭窄156例临床观察

目的 探讨颈动脉内膜切除术(CEA)在治疗颈动脉狭窄中的疗效及并发症.方法 根据狭窄的部位和程度对156例162侧颅外颈动脉狭窄病人采取CEA治疗,分析其治疗结果及并发症发生的原因.结果 手术均获成功,CEA术后过度灌注综合征发生率为4.3%,脑卒中发生率为1.9%.结论 CEA是治疗颅外颈动脉狭窄安全有效的主要方法.     

颈动脉内膜切除术防治缺血性脑血管病的近远期随访分析

目的 评价颈动脉内膜切除术防治缺血性脑血管病的近远期疗效。方法 14例有症状的重度颈动脉狭窄患者接受了颈动脉内膜切除术,对13例患者进行了3月～5年的随访。每位患者来院复查时行全面神经系统检查及TCD、颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,在随访过程中均行DSA检查1次。结果 13例随访病例在随访期间均无中风发生。除2例患者外,其余均无TIAs。TCD、颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查和DSA检查发现2例再狭窄,其中1例无症状,另1例有TIAs,予内科保守治疗。结论 颈动脉内膜切除术是防治缺血性脑血管病的有效方法。多普勒超声检查是首选的有效的无创检查方法。TCD对病变的诊断有辅助作用。     

颈动脉内膜切除术预防老年人缺血性脑卒中

目的探讨颈动脉内膜切除术（CEA）预防老年人缺血性脑卒中的临床应用价值。方法根据狭窄的部位和程度对8例颅外段颈动脉狭窄患者采取CEA治疗。结果手术均获成功,术后患者脑缺血症状均有改善,1例患者术后1年因心肌梗死死亡。手术并发症以局部血肿及嘶哑为主。结论CEA治疗颅外段颈动脉狭窄是安全有效的,对预防缺血性脑卒中有重要价值。     

The impact of pre-operative symptoms on carotid endarterectomy Outcomes: Analysis of the ACS-NSQIP carotid endarterectomy database

Carotid artery stenosis accounts for up to 20% of ischemic strokes. Since the 1950 s, one of the primary surgical treatment for this condition is carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Because of improvement of medical therapy for carotid artery atherosclerosis and the increased use of carotid artery stents, CEA is indicated if the risk of stroke and death are low. The goal of this study is to characterize the impact of pre-operative stroke and stroke risk factors on post-operative CEA patient outcomes, using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) Targeted Vascular Module on CEA. Using the Targeted Vascular Module of the ACS-NSQIP, 22,116 patients who underwent CEA were identified from 2011 to 2016. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify significant risk factors that predispose patients to stroke. Patients with pre-operative stroke comprise 42.1% of the group, with post-operative stroke being the second most common complication (2.1%). Pre-operative stroke patients were also at a higher risk for transient ischemic attacks, post-operative restenosis, post-operative distal embolization, and other complications. Patients with pre-operative risk factors, including stroke or stroke-like symptoms, high risk physiologic factors, high risk anatomic factors, and contralateral internal carotid artery stenosis were at a higher risk of developing post-operative stroke and other complications. Patients with these pre-operative risk factors should be closely monitored for post-operative complications in an effort to improve patient outcomes.     

颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗中重度颈动脉狭窄的临床研究

目的以颈动脉支架置入术(CAS)为对照,分析颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)在治疗中重度颈动脉狭窄的临床价值。方法将100例颈动脉狭窄患者按手术方法不同分为观察组(CEA)和对照组(CAS),记录2组围术期手术相关并发症;记录手术用时、住院时间、治疗费用;随访12个月,记录2组包括死亡在内的不良反应发生率及改良Rankin评分情况。结果观察组与对照组在围术期手术相关并发症、住院时间、术后6个月不良反应发生率及改良Rankin评分比较均无明显差异(P均0.05)。但观察组治疗经费低于对照组(P0.05)。结论颈动脉支架置入术治疗中重度颈动脉狭窄效果良好,术后近期和远期疗效及治疗安全性与颈动脉内膜剥脱术相当,但颈动脉内膜剥离术费用成本较低,并发症少。     

颈动脉内膜斑块剥脱术治疗颈内动脉狭窄(附16例报告)

目的探讨颈动脉内膜斑块剥脱术的手术适应证、操作要点和麻醉方法。方法回顾性分析2004年11月至2009年12月经颈动脉内膜斑块剥脱术治疗的16例颈内动脉狭窄患者的临床资料。16例患者均有临床症状,其中颈内动脉中度狭窄者2例,重度狭窄者14例。均采用经气管内插管全身麻醉,术中应用诱导性高血压,应用显微外科技术剥除颈动脉内膜斑块,所有病例均未应用术中转流术。结果术后均行多普勒超声检查,结果示颈动脉血流量较术前明显增加。12例反复发作一过性脑缺血的患者术后随访6个月均未再发作。1例糖尿病合并高血压有脑卒中史者死亡,其余患者随访6个月至2年脑缺血症状明显改善。结论颈内动脉内膜斑块剥脱术是颈动脉狭窄安全有效的治疗方法。     

Overestimation of carotid stenosis on CTA – Real world experience

BackgroundSymptomatic carotid stenosis is responsible for 10% of all strokes. Currently, CT angiography (CTA) is the main diagnostic tool for carotid stenosis. It is frequently the only diagnostic test preceding recommendations for carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) or carotid endarterectomy (CEA). However, the specificity of CTA, especially in patients with 50–70% stenosis, was previously reported to be relatively low. Most studies testing the diagnostic accuracy of CTA were published more than a decade ago. Therefore, we aimed to test the diagnostic accuracy of CTA, performed with current available technology, compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in patients with carotid stenosis. This study aims to characterize patients who were candidates for CAS/CEA based on CTA, but may not require it based on DSA.MethodsConsecutive candidates for carotid interventions (CAS or CEA) following CTA were identified from prospectively maintained stroke center registries at two large academic centers. As part of our institutional practice all patients had a routine pre-procedural diagnostic DSA. In each patient, degree of carotid stenosis was compared between CTA and DSA. Patients with concordant degree of stenosis on DSA and CTA (true positive group) were compared to patients with a discordant degree of stenosis with less than 50% on DSA (false positive group).ResultsOut of 90 patients with significant stenosis on CTA, only 70 (78%) were found to have a significant stenosis on DSA. Severe plaque calcification was significantly more common in the false-positive group. In those patients whose CTA reported stenosis of ≥90%, we found a strong agreement between CTA and DSA (positive predictive value [PPV] – 0.9) for a significant stenosis (≥50%). Conversely, the correlation between CTA and DSA in patients with CTA reported 50–70% stenosis was poor (PPV – 0.29) (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur results suggest that despite ongoing radiological progress, the specificity of CTA in accurately assessing carotid stenosis remains relatively low in patients with both moderate stenosis and heavily calcified plaques. Consequently, patients could possibly be referred for unnecessary CEA surgery and may become exposed to associated potential complications.     

显微颈动脉内膜切除术

目的评估显微颈动脉内膜切除的效果。方法回顾1998年至2004年4月施行的92例96侧显微颈动脉内膜切除的手术并发症,并分析其原因。结果与手术直接相关的并发症包括TIA1例、脑卒中2例、轻度颅神经损害3例、假性动脉瘤1例,但均非手术操作缺陷所致。死亡1例。结论颈动脉内膜切除的缺血性并发症多与手术操作不当相关,采用显微外科技术可以降低此类并发症率。显微外科技术还有助于远端颈内动脉显露和降低颅神经损伤发生率。     

颈动脉扭曲的血管内治疗

研究背景颈动脉扭曲被认为是血管内支架成形术的相对禁忌证,颈动脉内膜切除术为主要治疗方法。本研究探讨血管内支架成形术治疗颈动脉扭曲的可行性和安全性,并根据治疗结果初步总结临床经验。方法回顾分析22例接受血管内支架成形术治疗症状性颈动脉扭曲患者的临床资料,并对其临床表现、影像学特征、手术安全性及随访资料进行分析,评价治疗效果。结果 22例患者全部成功施行血管内支架成形术,支架植入成功率为100%,无一例发生支架相关死亡或残疾。共植入自膨式支架24个,术后颈内动脉平均狭窄率由术前的85.63%降至11.25%;扭曲角度(Metz观测分类法)由术前<90°全部纠正至>120°。住院期间无一例患者出现短暂性脑缺血发作或脑梗死,术前头晕、头痛等症状均有不同程度改善或完全消失;未发生永久性并发症或死亡。临床随访6～72个月,除1例发生支架对侧颈动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作,2例出现同侧颈动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作(1例血小板聚集试验呈阿司匹林抵抗、1例脑血管造影显示再狭窄),2例失访外,其余17例患者CT血管造影(10例)和B超(7例)检查均显示颈动脉血管形态良好、血流通畅,无再狭窄和扭曲发生。结论血管内支架成形术可治疗一定程度的颈动脉扭曲,其手术技术安全可行,有助于减少脑缺血发作,远期临床效果尚待进一步观察。     

Combining carotid endarterectomy with off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery is safe and effective

Background:

We, as neurologists, are frequently consulted to give neurological clearance for surgery in patients who are undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and have suffered from stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in past. Similarly clearance is also sought in another group of patients who, though have not suffered from stroke or TIA, but found to have significant carotid stenosis on routine screening prior to surgery. Cardiac surgeons and anesthetists want to know the risk of perioperative stroke in such patients and should carotid endarterectomy (CEA) be done along with CABG. In absence of any clear-cut guideline, neurologists often fail to give any specific recommendation.

Aim:

To find out safety and efficacy of synchronous CEA in patients undergoing CABG.

Design:

Retrospective study.

Materials and Methods:

Out of 3,700 patients who underwent CABG, 150 were found to have severe carotid stenosis of >70%. Out of this, 46 patients with >80% stenosis (three symptomatic and 43 asymptomatic) and one patient with >70% symptomatic carotid stenosis (TIA within last 2 weeks) were taken for simultaneous CEA along with CABG. These three symptomatic carotid patients had suffered from stroke within last 6 months.

Results:

One patient with asymptomatic near total occlusion of carotid artery suffered from hyperperfusion syndrome. None suffered from ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), or death during perioperative period.

Conclusion:

Combining CEA along with CABG is a safe and effective procedure.     

颈动脉内膜切除术400例临床经验简

目的探讨颈动脉内膜切除术围手术期管理策略和临床疗效。方法356例颈动脉粥样硬化性重度狭窄（70％-99％）患者共实施400例次（双侧狭窄44例）颈动脉内膜切除术,分别采用标准式（120例次）、外翻式（255例次）和补片式（25例次）术式,其中368例次未行术中转流。结果所有患者手术均获成功,12例术后出现缺血性卒中（4例）、脑出血（1例）、声音嘶哑（1例）、癫痫发作（2例）、术后再闭塞（2例）、再狭窄（1例）和切口血肿（1例）等并发症。术后随访1。36个月,无一例出现脑卒中和其他严重并发症,患者生活质量明显改善。结论成熟的医疗团队对颈动脉重度狭窄患者颈动脉内膜切除术治疗成功的意义至关重要。于围手术期密切监测患者病情变化,可有效预防术后并发症,对降低病死率、提高患者生活质量和延长寿命具有重要临床意义。