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1.
目的:比较广泛性焦虑障碍和抑郁发作的归因方式差异。方法:评估广泛性焦虑障碍、抑郁发作患者、正常对照组各90例的归因方式,并比较其差异。结果:对负性事件的结果归因方式正常人倾向于外归因、不稳定性和特定性归因,抑郁发作患者对负性事件的归因方式倾向于内归因、持久性和全面性归因,广泛性焦虑障碍患者对负性事件的归因方式倾向于内归因、不稳定性和特定性归因(F=13.051,P=0.001;F=31.142,P=0.000;F=3.910,P=0.025);对正性事件的归因方式抑郁症患者倾向于外归因(F=3.898,P=0.023),广泛性焦虑障碍对正性事件的内归因、不稳定性和特定性归因和正常对照组差异无统计学意义(t=1.502,P=0.226;t=1.481,P=0.230;t=0.999,P=0.371);归因方式中全面性和持久性、内在性相互关联(r=0.278,P0.05;r=0.301,P0.05),但持久性和全面性归因相关最明显(r=0.428,P0.01)。结论:归因方式可作为临床上鉴别诊断广泛性焦虑障碍和抑郁发作的心理学指标,其中内归因影响最大,持久性和全面性归因明显相关。  相似文献   

2.
目的:调查生育二胎妇女产后6个月的抑郁症及相关因素。方法:对380例生育二胎的产妇于产后6个月完成产后抑郁症筛查量表中文版(PDNSS)、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(EPQRSC)、归因方式问卷(ASQ)及应付方式问卷(CSQ)调查及评估;以PDNSS分≥60定义为产后抑郁症;采用非条件Logistic回归分析产后抑郁症的影响因素。结果:179例(47.11%)PDNSS分≥60归入病例组,201例归入对照组。病例组EPQ中精神质(t=3.57)、神经质(t=-17.52)、ASQ中负性事件总体指标(t=3.75)、持久性(t=2.77)、整体性(t=2.18)及CSQ中自责(t=8.62)、退避(t=12.93)评分明显高于对照组;ASQ中的正性事件整体性评分明显低于对照组(P0.05或P0.001)。Logistic回归显示,神经质(OR=1.817,95%CI:1.562~2.112)、负性事件总体指标(OR=3.733,95%CI:1.617~8.62)、自责(OR=1.677,95%CI:1.3~2.162)、退避(OR=1.962,95%CI:1.602~2.402)进入方程,回归系数β分别为0.597、1.317、0.517、0.674(P均0.01)。结论:生育二胎妇女产后6个月抑郁症发生率较高,其相关因素包括神经质人格、负性事件的总体归因及退避、自责的应付方式。  相似文献   

3.
抑郁症与正常人父母教养方式对照研究   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
目的:观察抑郁症与正常人之间父母教养方式的差异。方法:使用父母教养方式问卷(EMBU),对符合条件健康自愿者和临床痊愈2周以上的抑郁症患者分别进行评定。结果:抑郁症父母教养方式更倾向于高拒绝否认,惩罚严厉,过度保护和低情感温暖和理解。结论:父母教养方式对抑郁症的认知模拟有一定影响。  相似文献   

4.
目的:探讨精神分裂症患者应对方式、父母教养方式及防御方式的性别差异。方法:采用应付方式问卷(CSQ)、父母教养方式问卷(EBMU)及防御方式问卷(DSQ)对96例男性与75例女性精神分裂症患者进行评估。结果:应付方式:男性患者使用幻想少于女性(F=2.77,P0.05),使用自责、退避多于女性(F=3.76,F=2.76;P均0.05)。父母教养方式:父亲对儿子采取拒绝否认大于女儿(F=4.82,P0.01);母亲对儿子采取拒绝否认小于女儿(F=2.87,P0.05)。防御方式:男性患者采用退缩、反作用形成、消耗倾向多于女性,采用幻想、躯体化、期望少于女性(P均0.05)。结论:不同性别精神分裂症患者的应对方式、父母教养方式及防御方式不同,心理干预应有性别针对性。  相似文献   

5.
目的探讨四川省某地农村留守妇女的心理健康与归因方式的特点及关系,为提升农村留守妇女心理健康水平提供参考和指导。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取四川省某地区农村留守妇女220人,使用心理症状自评量表(SCL-90)和归因方式问卷分别调查留守妇女的心理健康和归因方式的状况。结果留守妇女的心理健康总体情况低于常模水平(P0.01);不同学历水平的留守妇女心理健康水平差异有统计学意义(F=8.080,P0.01),不同年龄的留守妇女在归因方式上的差异有统计学意义(F=4.230,P0.01;F=3.524,P0.01);对正性事件进行归因时,留守妇女的心理健康与归因方式呈负相关(P0.05),对负性事件进行归因时,留守妇女的心理健康与归因方式呈正相关(P0.01)。结论四川某地区农村留守妇女的心理健康总体水平较低,归因方式是影响其心理健康的一个重要因素。  相似文献   

6.
目的了解抑郁症患者生活事件、特质应对方式、父母养育方式及社会支持状况及其性别差异。方法选取符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)抑郁症诊断标准的天津市精神卫生中心2013年3月-2014年2月门诊和住院患者104例,在社区中选取与所调查抑郁症患者社会人口学特征较为接近且汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-24)评分8分的健康人106例作为对照组;对两组进行生活事件(LES)、特质应对方式(TCSQ)、父母教养方式(EMBU)及社会支持(SSRS)量表测评。结果抑郁症患者负性刺激量、积极应对方式、父亲处罚严厉、母亲处罚严厉、母亲拒绝否认因子评分与对照组比较[(29.96±11.81)vs.(15.00±9.81),(29.31±5.39)vs.(25.36±5.00),(14.69±4.11)vs.(18.41±10.29),(10.23±2.69)vs.(12.34±4.39),(10.02±2.29)vs.(12.64±4.13)],差异有统计学意义(t=-5.699~9.976,P均0.01)。男性抑郁症患者的积极、消极应对方式及社会支持的总得分均高于女性(P0.05)。结论 1抑郁症患者经历更多的负性生活事件并多采用积极应对方式;2父母亲的教育方式均表现为低处罚严厉、低拒绝否认,母亲还表现为低过度保护;3抑郁症患者的客观社会支持较多、主观社会支持较少;4男性比女性抑郁症患者采用更多的积极应对方式和消极应对方式,并有更多的社会支持。  相似文献   

7.
目的:探讨抑郁症患者中庸思维、反应方式和情绪的关系。方法运用中庸思维量表、反应方式问卷、正性负性情绪量表对300例符合ICD-10中抑郁症诊断的患者进行测评,并对三者的关系进行分析。结果沉思与负性情绪呈正相关( r =0.268,P <0.01),分心与正性情绪呈正相关( r =0.359,P <0.01),与负性情绪呈负相关( r =-0.167,P <0.05);中庸思维与分心呈正相关( r =0.242,P <0.01),与负性情绪呈负相关( r=-0.237,P<0.01)。中庸思维调节沉思和负性情绪的关系。结论中庸思维程度不会改变分心对情绪的影响,中庸思维程度越低沉思对负性情绪的影响越大。  相似文献   

8.
目的为探讨独生子女情感障碍患者人格、心理防御机制及父母教养方式的关系。方法采用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)、防御方式问卷(DSQ)、父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)对住院的100例独生子女情感障碍患者和正常独生子女进行测评,其中患者在自知力恢复以后测评。结果独生子女情感障碍患者更多地使用投射、抱怨、幻想、退缩、躯体化等不成熟的防御机制,EPQ得分精神质、神经质、内外倾性高于正常独生子女(P〈0.01),相关分析发现,精神质、神经质与不成熟防御机制、中间防御机制呈正相关,内外倾性与成熟防御机制呈正相关,独生子女情感障碍患者的父母惩罚、父母拒绝、父亲保护、母亲干涉因子分高于正常独生子女(P〈0.01),而父亲温暖因子低于正常独生子女,相关分析发现,父母惩罚、父母拒绝、父母干涉、父亲保护与不成熟防御机制正相关,而父母温暖与不成熟防御机制负相关。结论独生子女情感障碍患者多使用不成熟防御机制、不良的父母教养方式,存在个性缺陷,且三者之间密切相关。  相似文献   

9.
目的了解缓解期抑郁症患者的生活质量及满意度。方法对符合条件的患者应用生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)、主观幸福感量表(GWB)、日常生活质量量表(ADL)进行测查。结果缓解期抑郁症患者在物质功能维度、躯体功能维度、心理功能维度、社会功能维度,总体幸福感、健康状况、正性情绪、负性情绪均低于正常人,而日常生活质量轻度和明显障碍者显著高于正常人,且病程、复发次数、家族史阳性、病前生活事件、伴精神病性症状和不良反应方面对日常生活质量有影响。结论缓解期抑郁症患者的生活质量及满意度低于正常人。  相似文献   

10.
目的了解癫抑郁患儿应付方式与父母教养方式的关系,为临床治疗、护理工作提供相关参考。方法采用应付方式问卷(the way of coping questionnaire,WCQ)及父母教养方式评价量表(egna minnenav barndoms uppfostran,EM-BU)对59例癫抑郁患儿(观察组)进行测评,与从当地某小学抽取的性别及年龄相匹配且无重大急慢性疾病的各年级学生59名(对照组)进行比较。结果在应付方式上:癫抑郁患儿的自责、幻想及退避评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),而求助及解决问题评分则明显低于对照组(P<0.01);在教养方式上:癫抑郁患儿父母的情感温暖、理解因子评分低于对照组(均P<0.01),而惩罚及拒绝因子评分高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);在患儿应付方式与父母教养方式方面:癫抑郁患儿的WCQ评分与EMBU评分呈显著性相关,尤其是父母的情感温暖理解、过度干涉保护和母亲的惩罚严厉及拒绝否认关系密切,良好的父母教养方式与患儿积极的应付方式呈正相关,不良的父母教养方式与患儿积极的应付方式呈负相关。结论癫抑郁患儿较正常儿童更多的采用消极不成熟的应付方式,而较少采用积极的应付方式;其在成长过程中,普遍存在着不良的父母教养方式;且患儿的应付方式与父母的不良教养方式有关。  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVES: The literature implies that negative attributional style is a psychological correlate of depression. Recent evidence suggests that negative attributional style may be specific to depression. This study examines the association between level of depression and negative attributional style in a sample of individuals with schizophrenia. METHOD: One hundred and thirteen inpatients with schizophrenia were assessed with the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia and the Attributional Style Questionnaire. RESULTS: Attributions of negative events to internal and to global causes were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Only the global dimension was significantly associated with positive symptoms. No attributional dimensions were significantly associated with negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with the idea that negative attributional style may be specific to depression and not a general characteristic of psychopathology.  相似文献   

12.
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined whether attributional style (an individual's explanation of why events happen) is a genetically influenced vulnerability factor for depression. AIMS: To investigate whether attributional style is an enduring vulnerability trait for recurrent depression. METHOD: As part of the Cardiff Depression Study, we interviewed 108 people with depression and their siblings, and a control group of 105 healthy individuals and their siblings, using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry and the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule. Participants also completed the Attributional Style Questionnaire. RESULTS: Regression analyses showed that attributional style results from mood state and is not a familial risk factor for depression. However, the tendency to internalise negative events was related to having had a prior episode of depression, suggesting a ;scarring' effect. Also, non-severe events were associated with one subset of optimistic attributions. CONCLUSIONS: Attributional style mainly measures current mood and does not reflect a familial risk factor for depression.  相似文献   

13.
Bömmer I  Brüne M 《Der Nervenarzt》2007,78(7):796-801
BACKGROUND: "Pure" delusional disorders are clinically rare, and the neuropsychology of such disorders is poorly understood. Whereas "deficit" models suggest a cognitive impairment accounting for the incorrigible fixation of false beliefs, cognitive models propose the existence of a characteristic attributional style in patients to stabilise a fragile self. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The cognitive flexibility and attributional style of 21 patients diagnosed with delusional disorder according to ICD-10 were compared with a group of healthy controls paralleled for age, sex, education, and intelligence. RESULTS: Patients with delusional disorders made more errors and more perseverative errors in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test compared with controls. However, these differences were only significant in patients with a comorbid depression. In contrast to earlier studies, patients with delusional disorders did not attribute negative events to external or personal causes more often than healthy controls, but partly tended to show a depressive attributional style. CONCLUSION: Our results do not support either a cognitive deficit in patients with delusional disorders or a characteristic attributional style. In terms of treatment recommendations, a thorough diagnosis of comorbid depressive disorders in patients with delusional disorders is warranted.  相似文献   

14.
Learned Helplessness, Attributional Style, and Depression in Epilepsy   总被引:8,自引:5,他引:3  
Summary: Purpose: We wished to examine the relevance of the theory of learned helplessness in general, and attributional style in particular, to the understanding of depression among patients with epilepsy.
Methods: Patients with lateralized temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) (right = 73, left = 70) were administered two self-report depression inventories [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D)]. Depression scores were examined in relation to a key component of the revised theory of learned helplessness (attributional style) using the Optimism/Pessimism Scale.
Results: Attributional style was significantly associated with increased self-reported depression and remained significant when the effects of several confounding variables were controlled [age, age at onset, laterality of TLE, sex, and method variance].
Conclusions: The results indicate that the concepts of learned helplessness in general, and attributional style in particular, are related to the genesis of depression in epilepsy. Because they are known to be related to depression in the general population, and because specific techniques for intervention and prevention are available, greater consideration of learned helplessness and attributional style in the genesis of depression in epilepsy may be worthwhile.  相似文献   

15.
Attributional style in the eating disorders   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Previous research has shown that patients with eating disorders have a characteristic cognitive bias, making internal attributions when evaluating negative events. However, there is less clarity about their attributions for positive events. There are suggestions that this cognitive style might be influenced by depressed mood. This study examines attributional style in the eating disorders for positive and negative events, independent of covariant effects of depression. Twenty-five eating-disordered women and 26 nonclinical women each completed measures of attributional style, depressed mood, and eating pathology. They also completed a measure of verbal intelligence (to ensure comparability of groups). Women with an eating disorder had a greater tendency to attribute negative situations to the self when compared with nonclinical women, even when differences in depressed mood were controlled for. There were no comparable differences in positive attributional biases. Women with an eating disorder adopt a self-blaming style when evaluating negative events, and such self-blame is likely to contribute to the maintenance of an eating disorder. This suggests that therapy for the eating disorders should include an element that focuses on highlighting and re-evaluating such interpretations.  相似文献   

16.
The present study examined the relationship among psychiatric diagnosis, depression, attributional style, and hopelessness among 69 adolescent suicide attempters and 40 psychiatrically hospitalized adolescent controls. Contrary to predictions, the suicide attempters were more likely than the nonsuicidal group to attribute good events to global causes. No differences in attributional style were found across the depressed versus nondepressed subjects. However, there was a modest relationship between depression and attributional style. Results suggest that maladaptive cognitive characteristics are present in adolescent clinical samples but may be less specific to suicide attempters than is often suggested.  相似文献   

17.
Aim: A biased attributional style, in which negative events are attributed to external and personal causes, is associated with paranoid delusions in schizophrenia. It is not known whether this biased attributional style also characterizes individuals at clinical risk for psychosis or if it is associated with their emergent paranoia. Methods: Thirty‐three clinical high‐risk patients and 15 age‐ and gender‐similar controls were assessed with the Internal, Personal, and Situational Attributions Questionnaire for externalizing and personalizing attributional biases and for potential correlates with suspiciousness and other symptoms. Results: Both patients and controls had a similar external‐personalizing attributional style that was unrelated to symptoms, including suspiciousness. Conclusions: Consistent with other studies, a biased attributional style was not associated with subthreshold paranoia. Therefore, a biased attributional style is likely not a trait that contributes to emergent paranoid delusions but is instead a state‐dependent correlate of paranoid delusions.  相似文献   

18.
目的:比较抑郁症、焦虑症、强迫症患者在归因方式、无望感、自尊上的异同,探索抑郁症、焦虑症、强迫症患者对无望感-自尊理论的适用性. 方法:对门诊或住院的抑郁症(n=81)、焦虑症(n=53)、强迫症(n=48)患者,及正常对照组(n=51)被试进行归因方式问卷、自尊量表的测评,得分进行4组间比较. 结果:①抑郁症组在...  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: A Bristol general practice study demonstrated the extent to which patients' attribution style influences psychological diagnostic case rates. We pursue this issue and several implications in this Australian study. METHOD: A survey was undertaken of six general practices in Sydney, and involving more than 900 routine general practice patients. Subjects completed questionnaires assessing personality styles observed in those with clinical depression, attributional response (i.e. 'psychological', 'somatic' and 'normalizing') to three somatic cues, state depression, lifetime depression, use of antidepressant medication, and recourse to professional help. RESULTS: Responders attributing psychological explanations to the somatic cues had the highest state and lifetime depression rates, viewed their depression as more likely to be a 'disorder' and were more likely to have received treatment for depression. Those with a personality style of 'anxious worrying' reported increased morbidity across all depression variables, but personality did not make attributional style redundant in multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Interpreting somatic cues in a psychological way is associated with higher rates of reported depression and increased recourse to depression treatment. Thus, a normalizing response style may make depression recognition and detection difficult. Study findings challenge the capacity of self-report measures to detect depression, especially in general practice settings.  相似文献   

20.
BACKGROUND: Somatization is a phenomenon found across all medical specialities and in all types of care. There has been little in the way of systematic investigation of the phenomenon in older people. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to establish whether treatment for psychiatric illness would be accompanied by a fall in somatic attributions. METHOD: Patients' attributions of physical symptoms were studied in a consecutive group of older people with functional disorders (mostly depression) referred to an old age psychiatry service. Depression, anxiety, physical illness and attributional style were measured soon after referral and seven months later. RESULTS: 41 subjects were interviewed in the first leg. Anxiety was the chief association of abnormal attributional style. At follow up (n = 29) mean depression and anxiety scale scores and somatic attributions of symptoms had fallen significantly. CONCLUSION: Abnormal focus on physical symptoms in depressed elderly patients may resolve with treatment.  相似文献   

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