伴有眼外肌麻痹的多发性肌炎

目的探讨多发性肌炎眼外肌受累的特点。方法收集1例以眼外肌麻痹为突出表现的多发性肌炎叠加综合征患者临床病理资料并结合文献总结在炎性肌病中眼外肌受累的特点。结果（1）实验室检查：肌酸激酶6498U/L,抗核抗体（1：320）阳性（均质型）,肌电图提示肌源性受损,重频刺激试验阴性；（2）肌肉活检：可见明显的肌纤维变性坏死、吞噬现象及局灶性淋巴细胞浸润,MHC-I免疫组化染色可见广泛肌纤维图MHC-I表达阳性以及炎性细胞浸润MHC-I表达阳性的正常肌纤维。结论眼外肌麻痹是炎性肌病的少见表现。在眼外肌麻痹的鉴别诊断时应考虑到炎性肌病的可能性。     

单纯性多发性肌炎和皮肌炎的病程演变

目的　探讨单纯性多发性肌炎和皮肌炎的病程演变规律,以期获得对该病较全面的认识,指导临床治疗。方法　对６２ 例单纯性多发性肌炎和皮肌炎病程演变、临床病理和治疗相互间关系进行分析研究。结果　起病急、进展快、病情在半年内发展至高峰者,临床上以发热、肌痛、颈肌无力和吞咽困难常见,病理以急性炎症改变突出,及时治疗疗效好;而起病隐匿、进展缓慢、病情半年以上仍在进展者,以肢体肌无力多见,病理以间质改变更突出,预后较差,易迁延。结论　我们认为,病情在半年以内达高峰者可称为急性或亚急性单纯性多发性肌炎或皮肌炎,病情超过半年仍在进展者可称为慢性多发性肌炎或皮肌炎。     

神经肌炎与多发性肌炎的对比分析

目的 :为了认识神经肌炎的临床、神经电生理等方面特点 ,探讨其与多发性肌炎的关系。方法 :选取我院近 10年间收治的较典型的 11例神经肌炎病人 ,随机选取同期收治的多发性肌炎病人 2 9例 ,对此两组病人的临床表现、心脏并发症、对激素治疗的疗效、肌电图以及肌肉活检的结果给予对比研究。结果 :在神经肌炎组中 ,有 8例感觉障碍 (6例呈末梢型感觉障碍分布 ;2例呈多发性神经根神经炎表现 ) ;神经传导速度检查中 ,10例有运动传导速度明显减慢或引不出 ,1例电位波幅明显降低 ,呈轴索样损害的表现 ;多发性肌炎组病人均无感觉障碍 ,神经传导速度检查均正常。两组在其他临床表现及激素治疗效果上 ,血清CK增高 ,肌活检、肌电图方面无明显差异(P >0 0 5 )。结论 :神经肌炎是多发性肌炎中一种少见的特殊类型 ,除具有多发性肌炎的表现之外 ,同时还具有周围神经病的表现 ,两者间是很难区分的     

多发性肌炎患者神经电生理特点分析

目的增进对多发性肌炎患者肌电图特点的认识,提高其检查的阳性率。方法对91例多发性肌炎患者进行肌电图(EMG)、神经传导速度测定。结果肌电图异常率为87.9%,肌源性损害者占79.1%,神经源性损害者占8.8%。其中插入电位延长、自发电位的阳性率分别为6%和52%,肱二头肌出现率较高,外展拇短肌出现率最低(p<0.05);运动单位电位(MUP)时限缩短的阳性率为71%,胫前肌出现率最高,外展拇短肌最低(p<0.05);MUP波幅降低的阳性率较低,仅为7%;多相波增多的阳性率为29%,胫前肌出现率最高,股四头肌最低(p<0.05);重收缩时波形异常的阳性率为26%,以股四头肌出现率最高;重收缩时峰值电压降低的阳性率为31%,胫前肌出现率最高,外展拇短肌最低(均p<0.05)。5例患者EMG呈神经源性损害,1例感觉神经传导速度减慢,2例运动神经传导速度减慢。肌电图正常组、肌源性损害组及神经源性损害组患者的病程、年龄无明显差异。结论 EMG对多发性肌炎诊断的阳性率为87.9%,其中以MUP时限缩短出现率最高为71%,其次为自发电位为52%。EMG异常最多见于肱二头肌、股四头肌和胫前肌。     

B7-H1分子免疫病理在多发性肌炎中的临床研究

目的 通过免疫组化染色了解协同刺激分子B7-H1蛋白在多发性肌炎(PM)和肢带型肌营养不良2B型(LGMD 28)患者肌组织中的表达情况,探讨其在PM诊断和鉴别诊断中的意义.方法 选择苏州大学附属第一医院神经内科自2006年1月至2009年12月收治的43例PM患者(PM组),26例LGMD 2B型患者(LGMD 2B组)及21例肌活检正常者(对照组).对所有成员行肌肉活检,冰冻切片后进行常规HE染色、免疫组织化学染色,检测肌组织中B7-H1蛋白的表达.结果 (1)PM组与LGMD 2B型组肌肉活检普通病理染色结果相似,表现为不同程度的坏死、吞噬、再生现象,伴有不同程度的炎细胞浸润.(2)PM组B7-H1蛋白阳性表达主要定位于细胞膜,呈棕黄色至棕褐色,主要集中在有炎细胞浸润的变性、坏死肌纤维上;其肌组织中B7-H1蛋白表达水平比较LGMD2B型组和对照组成员肌组织中水平明显增高(分别为69.77%、26.92%、4.76%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 协同刺激分子B7-H1在PM患者肌组织中高表达,参与了PM的免疫学发病机制,可成为PM与继发性炎细胞浸润性肌病相鉴别的免疫病理标志.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the protein expression of costimulatory molecule B7-H1 in muscular tissues of patients with polymyositis (PM) and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-2B type (LGMD-2B), and investigate its relevance to the pathogenesis of PM and its role in the diagnosis and identification of PM. Methods Forty-three patients with PM, 26 patients with LGMD -2B and 21 with normal muscle biopsy were recruited. Muscle biopsy was performed before frozen sections, and then, HE staining and immunohistochemistry were employed to detect the protein expression of B7-H1 in muscle tissues of each group. Results The results of HE staining of muscle tissues in the PM group and LGMD 2B group were very similar; varying degrees of necrosis, phagocytosis and regeneration phenomenon were noted with varying degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration. In PM group,muscle-related expression of B7-H1 was observed on the surface of muscle fibers (the cytomembrane). It was localized in areas where inflammatory cells lay in close apposition to damaged or non-necrotic muscle fibers. The B7-H1 protein in the PM muscular tissue was significantly increased as compared with that in the LGMD -2B tissue and normal tissue (69.77%, 26.92%, 4.76%, P<0.05). Conclusion Costimulatory molecule B7-H1 is highly expressed in the muscular tissue of patients with PM and it may be involved in the immunological pathogenesis of PM. It can be used to make a distinction between PM and other myopathies that have secondary inflammatory changes.     

皮肌炎和多发性肌炎175例神经传导检测

目的 研究皮肌炎(dermatomyositis,DM)和多发性肌炎(polymyositis,PM)合并神经传导检测(NCS)异常患者的临床和电生理特点以及病因探讨.方法 收集2005年1月到2008年9月中国医学科学院北京协和医院病房收治的DM或PM确诊病例175例,对其临床和NCS结果进行回顾性分析.结果 175例患者中,NCS异常者66例,其中明确的周围神经病32例(48.5%),不能肯定为周围神经损害者34例(51.5%).合并周围神经损害的DM或PM患者恶性肿瘤(3/32,9.3%)、其他免疫病(6/32,18.8%)的发生率较无周围神经损害的DM或PM患者(4/109,3.7%;7/109,6.4%)有明显增加(X2=13.653,P=0.003).结论 合并周围神经损害的DM或PM患者恶性肿瘤、其他免疫病的发生率明显增加,NCS可以为临床早期诊断提供更多的提示和帮助.     

Virus-like structures in muscle in chronic polymyositis

Summary Electron microscopic examination of a biopsy of skeletal muscle from a young girl with chronic polymyositis revealed the presence of sarcoplasmic and perinuclear inclusions.A large number of virus-like particles was demonstrated at the surface of muscle cells and in extracellular space. On the basis of the microscopic appearance it is suggested that the virus particles belong to one of the members of the paramyxovirus group.These studies are part of a research project supported by NIH Bethesda Md (U.S.A.) under agreement No. 05-002-1.     

炎症性肌病中磁共振成像的诊断价值

目的探讨炎性肌病中磁共振成像的表现及其诊断价值。方法对16例多发性肌炎、3例包涵体肌炎行双下肢磁共振成像SE序列T1WI,快速自旋回波序列(FSE)T2WI扫描。结果多发性肌炎与包涵体肌炎均表现为:在T1WI上为等T1信号,在快速自旋回波序列T2WI上表现为两侧对称性、小片状分布的稍高信号,肌束形态无明显异常,肌束界限清楚。结论磁共振成像是诊断炎性肌病有效的辅助方法。自旋回波序列(FSE)T2WI是诊断肌炎最敏感的序列,对肌炎肌肉活检的部位的选择有指导意义。     

磁共振成像在多发性肌炎、皮肌炎诊断中的应用

目的 研究多发性肌炎(PM)、皮肌炎(DM)的磁共振成像(MRI)表现，评价MRI在PM及DM诊断中应用价值。方法 对5例PM及4例DM患者行MRI检查，选择骨盆、双侧大腿及小腿肌肉，采用自旋回波序列(SE)、快速自旋回波序列(FSE)及短时反转恢复序列(STIR)进行扫描。结果 5例PM及4例DM患者的受累肌群均表现为斑片状等T1长T2异常信号，2例PM患者尚可见小斑片状短T1长T2异常信号影；6例患者肌筋膜增厚，呈长T2线样高信号改变；4例DM患者的表皮及皮下结缔组织尚可见条带状及网格状长T1长T2异常信号影。受累肌群主要表现为炎症水肿样改变，晚期受累肌肉可见少量脂肪替代改变；病变双侧不对称，以内收肌受累最重，股中间肌受累最轻。结论 PM与DM患者的MRI表现具有一定的特征性，MRI能为PM及DM的定位诊断、疗效判断及病情随访提供客观资料，并能为临床选取准确的活检部位提供帮助。     

“Megaconial” mitochondria observed in a case of chronic polymyositis

Summary Bizarre configurations of muscle mitochondria containing paracrystalline inclusions were demonstrated in a clinically and pathologically typical case of chronic polymyositis with Raynaud's syndrome. The probable mechanism of formation of these abnormal mitochondria was discussed. From the accompanied alterations in the same fibers, i.e. focal assembly of sarcoplasmic reticulum, membranous profiles, miniature mitochondria, and vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli, the overall phenomena were interpreted as a process of atypical regeneration.The detail of the subunits of the paracrystalline inclusions was described and considered to be filamentous structures arranged in double helix. Non-specificity of these mitochondrial abnormalities was evident in 19 other reported cases with a wide range of symptoms, signs, clinical diagnosis, age, and sex distribution. The mitochondrial alterationsper se do not, therefore, reflect any specific muscle disease. Observations of myxovirus-like structures in all 3 biopsy specimens in the present case is discussed in conjunction with the concurrent abnormal mitochondria.Presented at the scientific session of the annual meeting of the American Academy of Neurology, San Francisco, April, 1967.Supported in part by U. S. Public Health Service grants GM09387, G-256-6, and 5 SOI-FR-05433-07.