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1.
目的 了解四川省成都市18~34岁青年男性焦虑情绪的分布特点及影响因素.方法 采用多阶段分层抽样方法,对成都市18~34岁共4189名青年男性进行问卷调查.调查工具包括医院焦虑抑郁量表(HAD),酒精使用障碍筛查量表(AUDIT),毒品使用障碍筛查量表(DUDIT)及自制一般信息与问题登记表.结果 四川省成都市青年男性焦虑情绪检出率为20.4%;焦虑情绪与婚姻状况、酒精滥用、毒品滥用、长期患躯体疾病、是否看过心理医生、抑郁情绪、自杀企图、自伤行为、5年内有暴力行为、ACE分值、负性生活事件、色情信息使用频率相关(P<0.01);其危险因素包括抑郁情绪、自杀企图、自伤行为、经历负性生活事件、酒精滥用、毒品滥用(P<0.05).结论 成都市青年男性的焦虑情绪检出率为20.4%,焦虑情绪的影响因素包括多种因素.  相似文献   

2.
托吡酯与氟哌啶醇治疗Tourette综合征疗效的对照研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
目的 探讨托吡酯单一治疗Tourette综合征(TS)的疗效和安全性。方法 将53例TS患者按病例编号分为研究组(35例)和对照组(18例)。研究组予托吡酯(50-150 mg/d)治疗;对照组予氟哌啶醇(1.5-6 mg/d),共治疗24周。研究组3例脱落,对照组2例脱落。采用耶鲁抽动症整体严重度量表(YGTSS)、治疗中需处理的不良反应症状量表(TESS)于治疗前、治疗第8,24周末对两组进行评估。结果(1)治疗第8周末研究组有效率为72%,高于对照组(38%;Z=-3.284,P=0.001)。研究组YGTSS总分[(28.06±14.45)分]低于对照组[(40.00±20.90)分;P<0.05];减分率[(48.10±22.80)%]高于对照组[(33.17±31.90)%;但P>0.05]。治疗第24周末,研究组有效率为81%,高于对照组(56%;Z=-4.808,P<0.001)。研究组YGTSS总分[(24.96±16.28)分]低于对照组[(36.50±21.08)分;P<0.05];减分率[(52.90±24.49)%]高于对照组[(34.63±32.58)%;P<0.05]。(2)第8周末研究组TESS分[(2.69±3.02)分]低于对照组[(6.25±4.06)分;P<0.01];第24周末研究组TESS分[(1.69±1.79)分]低于对照组[(2.69±3.02)分;P<0.01]。结论 托吡酯能有效改善TS的运动、发声抽动和综合损伤效应,副作用相对较轻。  相似文献   

3.
目的 探讨脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)在抑郁发作自杀未遂者中的可能作用.方法 对抑郁发作自杀未遂患者(自杀未遂组,23例)和抑郁发作无自杀行为患者(无自杀组,24例)采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(24项,HAMD24)、Beck绝望量表(BHS)和自杀意念自评量表(SIOSS)评定抑郁严重程度、绝望程度及自杀意图的强烈程度;采用酶联免疫吸附法测定其血清BDNF浓度,并与正常对照者(对照组,30名)比较;对自杀未遂组的血清BDNF浓度与各相关因素进行Pearson相关分析.结果 (1)自杀未遂组的HAMD24[(37.8±8.7)分]、BHS[(13.0±3.8)分]及SIOSS评分[(18.1±3.9)分]均高于无自杀组[分别为(26.0±6.0)分、(7.5±4.3)分、(12.0±4.0)分;P<0.01].(2)自杀未遂组的BDNF平均浓度[(57 ±16)ng/L]低于无自杀组[(75 ±28)ng/L;P<0.05],无自杀组的BDNF平均浓度亦低于正常对照组[(111±39)ng/L;P<0.01].(3)自杀未遂组的血清BDNF浓度与抑郁发作的病程(r=-0.541)、BHS总分(r=-0.494)、SIOSS总分(r=-0.754)呈负相关(P<0.01-0.05).结论 低水平的BDNF可能是抑郁发作自杀未遂的一个危险因素.  相似文献   

4.
目的:探索伴与不伴自杀意念男性抑郁症患者事件相关电位P300特征和甲状腺激素水平的差异。方法:85例男性抑郁症患者分为伴与不伴自杀意念组(分别为45例和40例),对所有患者进行P300电位N1、P2、N2、P3潜伏期和波幅、以及血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)和甲状腺素(T4)水平的检测;同时采用17项-汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)评定患者的临床症状,分析其与P300、甲状腺激素水平相关性。结果:伴自杀意念组P300 N1[(5.29±2.46)μV]和P3[(7.31±3.59)μV]波幅均较不伴自杀意念组N1[(6.48±2.91)μV]和P3[(10.18±6.41)μV]波幅显著下降(t=-2.03,P=0.04;t=-2.50,P=0.02)。伴自杀意念组血清FT3[(5.31±1.02)pmol/L]、T3[(1.82±0.39)nmol/L]和FT4[(13.64±2.05)pmol/L]、T4[(92.49±14.71)nmol/L]水平均较不伴自杀意念组FT3[(5.85±1.12)pmol/L]、T3[(2.00±0.32)nmol/L]、FT4[(15.13±3.36)pmol/L]、T4[(101.40±20.37)nmol/L]水平下降(t=-2.32,P=0.02;t=-2.32,P=0.02;t=-2.42,P=0.02;t=-2.29,P=0.03)。相关分析显示P300 N1和P3波幅以及FT3与T3均与HAMD的自杀因子分呈负相关(r=-0.26,P=0.02;r=-0.23,P=0.03;r=-0.25,P=0.02;r=-0.38,P=0.00)。结论:伴自杀意念男性抑郁症患者P300的N1、P3波幅及甲状腺激素水平均较不伴自杀意念者降低;且与其自杀意念有关。  相似文献   

5.
目的 探讨精神分裂症患者冲动、自杀行为与血浆瘦素及胆固醇之间的相关性.方法 106例精神分裂症首次发病患者用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD24)及Beck绝望量表(BHS)进行评定;按有无冲动、自杀行为分为自杀组(24例)、冲动组(31例)、非自杀非冲动组(以下简称患者对照组,51例),32名体检职工为正常对照组,所有入组对象(患者在服药前)测定体质量指数(BMI)、血浆瘦素和总胆固醇.结果 (1)正常对照组[(4.8±0.9)mmol/L]和患者对照组[(4.3±1.1)mmol/L]总胆固醇均高于自杀组[(3.7±1.0)mmol/L]及冲动组[(3.6±1.0)mmoL/L;P<0.05~0.01],而冲动组与自杀组之间、正常对照组与患者对照组之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);正常对照组血浆瘦素[(13.4±6.7)μg/L]高于患者对照组[(8.9±3.8)μg/L]、自杀组[(6.7±2.6)μg/L]及冲动组[(5.6±4.2)μg/L;P<0.05~0.01],患者对照组高于自杀组及冲动组(P<0.05),而自杀组与冲动组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(2)4组的血浆瘦素及总胆固醇均与BMI呈正相关(r=0.49~0.64;P<0.01);自杀组、冲动组的血浆瘦素和总胆固醇与PANSS阳性分、PANSS攻击分、BPRS分、HAMD分、BHS分均呈显著负相关(r=-0.35~-0.72;P<0.05~0.01);患者对照组的血浆瘦素、总胆固醇与PANSS攻击分、BPRS分、HAMD分、BHS分均呈显著负相关r=-0.29~-0.48;P<0.05~0.01).结论 精神分裂症患者的冲动、自杀行为及疾病严重程度与血浆瘦素及总胆固醇有一定的相关性.  相似文献   

6.
目的探讨重症肌无力(MG)患者血清可溶性Fas(sFas)水平变化及其临床意义。方法采用流式细胞术及酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)分别测定45例MG患者(MG组)及40例对照者(对照组)外周血T细胞亚群分布和血清sFas水平,并对其中24例MG患者应用糖皮质激素(GC)治疗前后的血清sFas水平进行比较。结果(1)MG组外周血中CD8 T细胞百分率为(21.50±2.21)%,明显低于对照组[(27.75±3.00)%](P<0.01);CD4 /CD8 比值(1.92±0.26)明显高于对照组(1.48±0.16)(P<0.01);血清sFas水平[(3542.06±706.23)pg/m l]显著高于对照组[(2568.18±562.48)pg/m l](P<0.01)。(2)MG组全身型血清sFas水平为(3914.23±804.81)pg/m l,极明显高于眼肌型[(2797.72±592.83)pg/m l](P<0.001);病情中、重度患者明显高于病情轻度者(均P<0.005);预后良好者[(3254.69±661.73)pg/m l]显著低于预后不良者[(4178.38±841.65)pg/m l](P<0.001)。(3)24例MG患者经GC治疗后sFas水平[(2864.59±617.43)pg/m l]较治疗前[(3539.67±705.92)pg/m l]极显著降低(P<0.001)。结论MG患者血清凋亡抑制因素sFas水平增高,并与MG类型、病情及预后相关;GC治疗可以改善MG患者的免疫功能。  相似文献   

7.
据全国疾病监测系统的数据 (1991~ 1995 ) ,中国的自杀死亡率为 19 85 /10万 ,卫生部 1999年公布的 1993年数据为 2 2 2 /10万。中国自杀死亡的绝对人数居世界第一 ,全世界大约每年 4 2 %的自杀死亡发生在占世界人口 2 5 %的中国人口[1] 。1 自杀率1 1 自杀死亡率 中国自杀死亡率高达 19 85 / 10万 ,其中城市为 6 5 / 10万 ,农村为 2 2 89/ 10万 ;98 91%的自杀死亡者大于 15岁 ,其中 15~ 34岁占4 0 7% ,6 0岁以上占 2 9 72 % [1] 。自杀率具有以下特点 :①年轻女性自杀死亡率高于男性 ,且主要表现在农村 ;②农村自杀死亡率高于城市…  相似文献   

8.
目的:探讨首次躁狂发作未用药患者血清尿酸(UA)水平及其临床影响因素。方法:检测105例首次躁狂发作未用药患者(患者组)和105名健康对照者(对照组)血清UA水平,同时采用杨氏躁狂量表(YMRS)评估躁狂症状严重程度。结果:患者组血清UA水平[(371.17±103.63)μmol/L]显著高于对照组[(301.10±78.40)μmol/L](P0.01);高尿酸血症(HUA)发生率(35.2%,37例)显著高于对照组(8.5%,9例)(P0.01);患者组男性[(399.20±99.35)μmol/L]和对照组男性[(329.62±76.34)μmol/L]之间、患者组女性[(333.80±100.71)μmol/L]与对照组女性[(263.06±64.23)μmol/L]之间血清UA水平差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。相关分析显示血清UA水平与YMRS评分无相关(P0.05)。结论:首次躁狂发作未用药患者血清UA水平升高,但其与躁狂病情无关。  相似文献   

9.
目的调查四川省绵阳市某农村地区癫痫患者婚姻现状及影响因素。方法依据卫生部疾病控制司癫痫防治项目指导组2005年3月制定的《中国农村地区癫痫防治管理》实施方案的要求,抽取四川省绵阳市游仙区和三台县参加农村地区癫痫防治管理项目的农村癫痫患者180例,采用农村地区癫痫患者婚姻状况调查表对其婚姻状况进行问卷调查。结果农村地区癫痫患者已婚率为48.5%,未婚和离异男性患者多于女性(71.1%vs.28.9%,59.4%vs.40.6%,P0.01)。影响癫痫患者结婚的因素为年龄(OR=2.426,95%CI:1.291~4.559)、性别(OR=3.483,95%CI:1.768~6.859)、经济收入(OR=1.981,95%CI:1.034~3.796)、起病年龄(OR=1.027,95%CI:1.008~1.047)。已婚患者的婚姻满意度高于离异患者[(3.28±0.73)vs.(2.62±0.82),P0.01],男性患者高于女性患者(P0.05),癫痫患者配偶的婚姻满意度低于癫痫患者[(3.28±0.73)vs.(2.62±0.82),P0.001]。结论该农村地区癫痫患者已婚率较低,男性患者更难结婚;年龄、性别、经济收入及起病年龄是癫痫患者结婚与否的主要影响因素;男性癫痫患者的婚姻状况值得更多关注。  相似文献   

10.
女性抑郁状态患者海马形态体积的变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 探讨女性抑郁患者的双侧海马及其各部形态体积变化的特点.方法 采用3.0 T磁共振,分别测量女性抑郁患者(30例,抑郁组)及对照组(30名)的海马及其各部体积和层数.结果 (1)抑郁组左侧海马头平均层面积(121±33)mm2,小于对照组的(148±32)mm2;层数(14.9±3.2)层,多于对照组的(12.3±3.1)层;P均<0.01;抑郁组左右侧尾部层数[(5.9±2.6)层,(6.4±1.8)层]少于对照组[(7.7±2.5)层,(7.8±2.3)层],P<0.05.(2)抑郁组左右侧海马体积[(3164±218)mm3,(3202±202)mm3]、于对照组[(3324±334)mm3,(3338±301)mm3],P<0.05,海马左右侧尾体积[(384±120)mm3,(414±101)mm3]亦小于对照组[(498±134)mm3,(501±121)mm3],P<0.01.结论 左侧海马头部形态改变和两侧海马尾体积缩小及其形态改变可能是女性抑郁患者的特征之一.  相似文献   

11.
Epilepsy is a major public health problem in many tropical countries. Also, some of the tropical diseases are major contributors to the higher prevalence of epilepsy in these countries. The etiologic factors responsible for epilepsy in these countries are quite different from those in the developed world. This article discusses the etiologic factors and neuroimaging of epilepsy in light of the conditions in these tropical countries.  相似文献   

12.
抑郁是癫痫患者中常见的精神障碍,严重地影响了患者的生活质量。传统的观点认为癫痫患者因为存在着诸多社会学问题易出现抑郁倾向,癫痫和抑郁是单向的联系,但大量的研究已经证明癫痫和抑郁之间存在双向的联系,一种异常状态的存在可能易转化为另一种异常状态的发展。癫痫和抑郁存在着共同的发病机制。本文主要就癫痫和抑郁的双向联系以及抗抑郁药物在癫痫患者中的应用进行阐述。  相似文献   

13.
Summary Sudanophilic lipid accumulation is a characteristic feature of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) of infants. At least two types of lipid-containing cells have been identified, one being the macrophage, the other the pre-myelin glial cell. A third type of lipid-containing cell has been seen in two monkeys with spontaneous PVL. Electron microscopically this cell appears to be an astrocyte. This probably represents a reaction of the astrocyte to hypoxia and may be the equivalent of the hypertrophic astrocytes found in human infants.Supported in part by NIH grant HDO 8633 and the Regional Primate Research Center Grant RR-00166  相似文献   

14.
Increase in cathepsin D activity in rat brain in aging   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Cathepsin D-like activity in homogenates of five brain areas of 3-month-old and 24-month-old Fischer 344 rats was measured. With hemoglobin as substrate at pH 3.2, more than 90% of the activity was inhibited by pepstatin. In each area studied, activity was more than twice as high in the old rat brain: 140-160% higher in the cortex, cerebellum, pons-medulla, and striatum and 90-100% higher in the hippocampus and spinal cord. The greatly increased metabolic capacity in the absence of an increase in protein turnover may have a role in age-related pathological degeneration in the brain.  相似文献   

15.

Background:

Developing regions of the world host the majority of elderly subjects who are at risk for dementia. Reliable epidemiological data from these countries is invaluable in tackling this global problem. Scarcity of such data in literature is largely attributable to problems that are unique to developing communities worldwide.

Objective:

To classify and describe the problems that interfere with the collection of reliable epidemiological data on cognitive impairment in the elderly in developing communities, and to suggest practical solutions for some of them.

Methods:

Inferring from the experiences of a large, ongoing, population-based study on the cognitive impairments in the elderly in South India and from the review of literature.

Conclusion:

A fatalistic attitude regarding aging in the communities, significant heterogeneity in educational abilities and activities of daily living, high illiteracy among rural subjects, and lack of an organized health care system and updated demographic figures are some of the major factors that contribute to technical, namely, methodology-related problems and practical, namely, subject-related problems in such epidemiological studies.  相似文献   

16.
Summary Dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH), the noradrenaline-synthesizing enzyme, and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT), the adrenaline-synthesizing enzyme, were assayed in 18 areas of brain stem in eight cases of parkinsonian syndromes and of four age- and postmortem delay-matched controls. Dissection was performed by the punch technique and enzyme activities assayed by radiometric methods. No significant change was found for PNMT activity. DBH activity was significantly increased in the A2-C2 area of the medulla oblongata (including the nucleus tractus solitarius) in the cases of Parkinson's disease.The A2-C2 area is known to be implicated in the control of blood pressure in rats. These findings are discussed in relation to orthostatic hypotension and the influence ofl-dopa therapy.Supported by grants from INSERM ATP 657897, ATP 8179113, CRL 79-1-356-6, DGRST (80 E 0882), FRMF, and Sandoz-France France  相似文献   

17.
BACKGROUND: It is important for prevention of social class disparities to know how ethnic disparities in social class arise among migrant children. We contribute to this understanding by examining the role of problem behaviour in adolescence. METHODS: Prospective observational study with 753 Dutch native and 217 Turkish migrant adolescents (11-18 year) followed for 10 years. Internalising and externalising problems were assessed in adolescence and employment status and occupational level were assessed in adulthood. The difference in odds ratios (OR) before and after adjustment for internalising and externalising problems was an indication of the predictive value of disparities in internalising and externalising problems for the development of social class disparities. RESULTS: A total of 135 (62%) of the Turkish and 602 (80%) of the Dutch adults were employed. Internalising and externalising problems were not associated with employment status. Of the employed, 65 (48%) Turkish and 179 (30%) Dutch adults worked in low-level occupations (p < 0.0001). Internalising and externalising problems were associated with both ethnicity and occupation. The OR for low-level occupation for Turkish adults was 1.78 (1.19-2.65), indicating ethnic disparities. Adjustment for internalising problems lowered the OR with 36% to 1.50 (0.97-2.31), and adjustment for externalising problems lowered it with 8% to 1.72 (1.15-2.57). Findings were similar for men and women and did not vary by age. CONCLUSIONS: Ethnic disparities in occupational level in adulthood could partly be attributed to disparities in mental health between Turkish migrants and Dutch natives in adolescence. Prevention of ethnic disparities in mental health at young age may therefore also contribute to the prevention of occupational differences in adulthood.  相似文献   

18.
Deficits in the perception of social stimuli may contribute to the characteristic impairments in social interaction in high functioning autism (HFA). Although the cortical processing of voice is abnormal in HFA, it is unclear whether this gives rise to impairments in the perception of voice gender. About 20 children with HFA and 20 matched controls were presented with voice fragments that were parametrically morphed in gender. No differences were found in the perception of gender between the two groups of participants, but response times differed significantly. The results suggest that the perception of voice gender is not impaired in HFA, which is consistent with behavioral findings of an unimpaired voice-based identification of age and identity by individuals with autism. The differences in response times suggest that individuals with HFA use different perceptual approaches from those used by typically developing individuals.  相似文献   

19.
Recent studies have indicated that nociceptors can be classified into various types according to their physiological properties. These studies have clarified that the frequency distribution of various nociceptor types is different among body sites and animal species. In the present study, we investigated the physiological properties of rat's periodontal nociceptors in an in vitro jaw-nerve preparation. Responses were recorded from functional single filaments in the inferior alveolar nerve. To determine the nociceptor type, calibrated von Frey filaments, heat, and bradykinin (BK) stimuli were used. We found five subtypes of nociceptors in the periodontal ligaments of the lower incisor: Adelta-high threshold mechanonociceptors (Adelta-HTM, n=28), Adelta-mechanoheat nociceptors (Adelta-MH, n=6), Adelta-polymodal nociceptors (Adelta-POLY, n=26), C-high threshold mechanonociceptors (C-HTM, n=3) and C-polymodal nociceptors (C-POLY, n=4). Most nociceptors were Adelta-innervated, while only a small number of C-innervated nociceptors were found. The present results suggest that periodontal nociceptors transmit mainly fast pain, and may thus play a role in rapid detection of injure-related stimuli during mastication.  相似文献   

20.
Synaptic neurotransmission relies on maintenance of the synapse and meeting the energy demands of neurons. Defects in excitatory and inhibitory synapses have been implicated in schizophrenia, likely contributing to positive and negative symptoms as well as impaired cognition. Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that bioenergetic systems, important in both synaptic function and cognition, are abnormal in psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia. Animal models of synaptic dysfunction demonstrated endophenotypes of schizophrenia as well as bioenergetic abnormalities. We report findings on the bioenergetic interplay of astrocytes and neurons and discuss how dysregulation of these pathways may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, highlighting metabolic systems as important therapeutic targets.  相似文献   

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