大鼠胎脑皮质神经干细胞体外培养及诱导分化的实验研究

目的 从孕龄15d SD胚胎鼠脑皮质中分离并培养神经干细胞（neural stem cells。NSCs），观察其生长、增殖及分化。方法 采用包含碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）和表皮细胞生长因子（EGF）的无血清培养及单细胞克隆技术，对胚胎鼠脑皮质神经干细胞进行原代、传代培养及诱导其分化。用Nestin染色鉴定神经干细胞特性，用免疫组化方法（β-Ⅲ-tubulin、GFAP染色）检测神经干细胞分化为神经元及神经胶质细胞状况。结果 从孕龄15dSD胚胎鼠脑皮质中分离的组织，经原代及传代培养均可形成细胞克隆．切具有增殖能力。原代及传代培养细胞呈Nestin（神经上皮干细胞蛋白）表达阳性．诱导分化后的细胞表达神经元细胞、星形胶质细胞的特异性抗原。结论 本实验分离、培养的孕龄15dSD胚胎鼠脑皮质细胞Nestin表达阳性．分化后表达神经元和星形胶质细胞的标记物，是大鼠的神经干细胞，并具有多向分化潜能。     

胚鼠室管膜神经干细胞体外诱导分化实验研究

目的探寻胚鼠室管膜分离培养及诱导分化为神经干细胞(NSCs)的可行性及规律性,为进一步寻找非神经组织性NSCs种子源提供阳性参照。方法将分离的胚脑室管膜组织以神经干细胞培养液孵育,确定神经干细胞的最佳体外生存环境,细胞培养所涉及的细胞因子主要有:EGF、bFGF和LIF(分别为20 ng/ml)。以细胞克隆方法判断神经干细胞增殖;以镜下细胞形态初步判断神经干细胞分化。结果胚鼠室管膜源性神经干细胞在相应培养条件下呈现出神经干细胞快速增殖,形成由多细胞组成的细胞球(神经球);进一步将这些细胞球分离成单细胞并重新以克隆密度培养,单个的细胞又很快变成岛屿状神经球。神经干细胞连续培养可进一步有小芽形成并发育成突起状结构、建立神经纤维联系,其中有的胞体增大,逐渐发育为较成熟的长突起细胞,长突起相互连接、交织成网。结论由胚鼠室管膜分离培养神经干细胞是可行的;神经干细胞在发育分化过程,基本上遵循着游离神经干细胞、神经细胞球、分化神经元/胶质细胞的生长规律,显现出神经干细胞有别于一般神经细胞的增殖及多分化特性。     

新生大鼠海马区及室管膜下区神经干细胞分离、培养和分化特性

目的建立大鼠神经干细胞（NSCs）分离、培养方法，观察其生长、增殖和分化特点。方法利用无血清培养技术，从新生大鼠海马、室管膜下区分离NSCs，进行体外扩增培养、传代观察。采用荧光免疫细胞化学检测技术，观察鉴定NSCs及其分化结果。结果分离获取的细胞具有自我更新和增殖能力，原代及传代培养均可形成细胞克隆，克隆中的细胞巢蛋白（nestin）表达阳性，显微镜下观察见典型的干细胞特征，诱导后可分化神经元和星形胶质细胞。结论上法分离培养的细胞为具有自我更新和增殖能力的NSCs，可诱导分化为终末神经细胞。     

胚胎大鼠神经干细胞的体外培养与鉴定

目的利用无血清培养和细胞克隆培养技术从孕鼠(14 d)胚胎中分离出神经干细胞,并进行传代培养和诱导分化。 方法 采用免疫细胞荧光化学染色方法观察不同代数细胞克隆球中nestin、neuN、GFAP阳性细胞比例,鉴定培养的原代和传代的细 胞类型结果随着传代次数增加,克隆球中nestin阳性细胞的比例无明显变化(P>0．05),不同代数的神经干细胞克隆球诱导分化 后均有一定比例的neuN与GFAP阳性细胞。结论 证实从胚胎大鼠大脑皮层分离培养的细胞是神经干细胞,提示体外培养体系中 培养的神经干细胞可以长期传代并保持于细胞的特性。     

成年 SD 大鼠海马齿状回神经干细胞分离培养和鉴定的改良

目的：改良成年SD大鼠神经干细胞分离、培养及鉴定方法,观察神经干细胞的生长、增殖及分化特点,为后续实验提供细胞。方法从成年SD大鼠分离出完整海马齿状回,采用机械吹打法获得原代细胞,用accutase消化传代,利用cck-8法检测神经干细胞的增殖情况,利用多重免疫荧光细胞化学方法鉴定神经干细胞及其分化细胞。结果机械吹打法可高效获得原代神经干细胞,accutase消化传代更有利于神经干细胞的传代培养,cck-8法简单高效的测定了神经干细胞的增殖,多重免疫荧光创新性的动态展示了神经干细胞经诱导分化后的分化过程。结论改良后的方法可更简单高效的获得和培养出大量细胞,经多重免疫荧光鉴定所分离和培养的细胞是神经干细胞。     

胚鼠室管膜及成鼠骨髓神经干细胞分离培养及分化鉴定实验研究

目的 :探寻胚鼠室管膜和成鼠骨髓分离培养神经干细胞 (NSC)的可行性。方法 :将分离的胚脑室管膜组织或成年骨髓细胞分别特殊培养。以细胞克隆及免疫细胞化学方法判断NSC增殖并鉴定NSC、神经元和神经胶质细胞。结果 :两种组织来源细胞在相应培养条件下NSC均有快速增殖。可得到具有长突起并建立有网状联系的神经元及胶质细胞。结论 :由胚鼠室管膜和成鼠骨髓诱导分化NSC是可行的     

miR-124a、miR-128a在骨髓基质细胞和脊髓源神经干细胞中的表达比较

背景 干细胞中microRNA的表达研究可以为干细胞自我增殖和分化潜能特性的分子机制提供重要的信息。骨髓基质细胞和脊髓源神经干细胞具有共同的神经再生潜能特点,如二者均可以形成神经克隆球,体内体外均可以分化为神经元和神经胶质细胞。本研究探讨了两种神经系统特异表达的microRNA—miR-124a和miR-128a在骨髓基质细胞和脊髓源神经干细胞中的表达差异。 方法 采用全骨髓培养法体外分离培养获得大鼠骨髓基质细胞。取胚胎大鼠脊髓组织制备成单细胞悬液,接种到限定性无血清培养液中培养,待形成克隆球后传代扩增获得神经干细胞,免疫荧光检测Nestin的表达进行细胞鉴定。分别取传代培养至第3代的骨髓基质细胞和脊髓源神经干细胞,应用TaqMan microRNA Assays技术,检测miR-124a和miR-128a的表达。 结果 倒置显微镜下观察,骨髓基质细胞呈贴壁生长,生长迅速,细胞呈团簇状,分布不均,显示出集群生长趋势。之后细胞间逐渐紧密贴附,呈条索状融合。传至第3代的细胞形态趋于一致,呈多角或短梭形,经流式检测发现大于95%的细胞CD71表达阳性。脊髓源神经干细胞经原代及传代培养均可形成细胞克隆球,且具有增殖能力,免疫荧光标记结果显示神经干细胞呈Nestin表达阳性。MicroRNA定量检测结果显示miR-124a和miR-128a在脊髓源神经干细胞中的表达均低于骨髓基质细胞在中的表达。 结论 骨髓基质细胞和脊髓源神经干细胞中miR-124a、miR-128a的表达具有明显的差异,提示二者在microRNA水平具有不同的表达特点。     

大鼠胎脑神经干细胞的培养分化及鉴定的实验研究

目的建立大鼠胎脑皮质神经干细胞的培养、扩增、诱导分化及鉴定的方法。方法选取孕14d胎鼠的大脑皮质作为细胞来源,在无血清培养基中添加B27、碱性成纤维细胞因子、表皮生长因子,建立胚胎神经干细胞的体外培养体系,用5%的胎牛血清诱导神经干细胞分化,用免疫荧光染色技术进行对神经干细胞及诱导分化细胞的鉴定。结果原代培养的神经干细胞折光性强,培养第2d开始形成细胞集落,第3d形成大的神经球。3～5代传代的细胞生长稳定。经胎牛血清诱导后第3d开始,神经球开始向周边发出突起,悬浮的细胞开始贴壁生长。原代及传代培养的神经球表达Nestin阳性,分化细胞分别表达NSE、GFAP和GALC阳性。结论应用无血清培养技术可在体外培养、扩增出神经干细胞。5%的胎牛血清可以诱导神经干细胞向神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞等成熟细胞分化。     

鼠胚胎神经干细胞的体外培养及诱导分化

背景：随着神经干细胞培养技术条件的成熟,为颅脑损伤后神经系统功能重建、神经再生和神经系统疾病治疗提供了新的思路和途径。但移植所用的细胞来源及移植后的神经干细胞能否分化为神经细胞是急需解决的重要问题。 目的：拟将体外分离培养的鼠胚胎神经干细胞稳定增殖传代,并诱导分化出神经系统的3种基本细胞。 设计、时间及地点：细胞学体外观察,于2007-06/2008-06在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院完成。 材料：14~16 d孕龄Wistar大鼠胚胎,由新疆自治区实验动物研究所和新疆医科大学实验动物中心提供。 方法：取胎鼠额叶大脑皮质,组织块消化法体外分离培养神经干细胞,在表皮生长因子、碱性成纤维生长因子和B27联合作用下使其稳定增殖。原代培养7 d后,加入含体积分数为10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养基诱导14 d。 主要观察指标：倒置显微镜下观察神经干细胞的生长形态,并行巢蛋白免疫荧光染色鉴定。应用免疫组化染色检测诱导后神经干细胞的分化情况。 结果：原代培养一两天细胞散在分布,胞体较小,呈圆形,折光性较好,3 d后逐渐形成由数个细胞组成的细胞球;传代后贴壁细胞多数分化为长梭形或扁平形的胶质细胞,10 d时可见大量由数十至数百个细胞组成的较大细胞球,其生长速度基本与原代培养相同,但成球速度明显加快;免疫荧光染色呈巢蛋白阳性反应。以含体积分数为10%胎牛血清的培养液诱导后,免疫化学染色示神经干细胞球呈神经元特异性烯醇化酶、胶质纤维酸性蛋白、髓鞘碱性蛋白阳性表达。 结论：实验成功从鼠胚胎脑皮质分离培养出神经干细胞,并诱导分化为神经元细胞、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。 关键词：神经干细胞;体外培养;诱导分化     

成体神经干细胞的研究进展及应用前景

以往人们普遍认为中枢神经系统(CNS)的神经元发生在出生前或出生后不久即停止 ,但近年来许多研究显示 ,成年哺乳动物CNS仍有新的神经元产生 ,成年脑内神经干细胞主要分布于脑室下区、纹状体、海马齿状回、脊髓等处[1,2 ] 。有人将脑、脊髓的室管膜下区称为“脑髓” ,指其具有充分的补充神经组织细胞的增殖能力。并且证实在成人脑组织中同样存在神经干细胞。神经干细胞的研究目前分别在两个方面展开 ,一是胚胎神经干细胞研究 ,但由于这一研究涉及社会伦理问题 ,在实际操作上还有一定困难 ;二是成体神经干细胞研究。首先 ,经典神经科学理论…     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

广西农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量状况调查

目的研究农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者的生活质量及影响因素。方法前瞻性的队列研究。采用随机分层抽样法分为农村壮族妇女精神分裂症组、农村汉族妇女精神分裂症组、农村正常妇女对照组,应用“世界卫生组织生存质量测定报告”(WHOQOL-100)及PANSS量表调查其生活质量和疾病的严重程度。结果农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量明显低于农村汉族妇女精神分裂症患者,影响其生活质量的相关因素是生活环境及精神支柱/个人信仰。结论经济贫困、环境条件、缺乏有效的医疗服务和社会保障是农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量低的关键。因此,建立农村壮族社区精神卫生服务网络势在必行。     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

The origins of innervation of the esophagus of the dog

This study defined the origins of extrinsic efferent and afferent innervation of the normal canine esophagus. When all the layers of the wall of the 3 esophageal regions (cervical, thoracic and abdominal) were injected with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), labeled nerve cells were found in the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and parasympathetic nucleus of X (PX) of the brainstem. Most labeled cells in the NA were located in the compact column (retrofacial nucleus) while labeled cells in the PX were located in separate rostral and caudal areas. There was no somatotopic organization in either the NA or PX. Labeled sympathetic postganglionic neurons were found in the cranial cervical, middle cervical, cervicothoracic, thoracic sympathetic trunk and celiacomesenteric ganglia. The HRP injection of the esophageal wall labeled sensory cell bodies in the glossopharyngeal, proximal and distal vagal, and C2-T6 spinal ganglia. There was no discernible pattern of distribution of labeled cells in the autonomic or sensory ganglia. When the HRP injections were confined to the mucosa-submucosa layers of the thoracic esophagus, a small number of labeled cells were identified in the NA; however, no labeled cells were found in the NA when injections were confined to the mucosa-submucosa of either the cervical or abdominal esophageal regions. With these confined injections, the labeled nerve cells appeared in the rostral part of the PX. Thus, it appeared that the internal tunics of the esophagus (i.e., the mucosa and submucosa) were innervated by neurons in the rostral PX while the muscular tunic was innervated by neurons in the caudal PX and the rostral NA. After mucosa-submucosa injections, labeled sympathetic neurons appeared in the same ganglia that were identified after whole wall injections and these had a similar random distribution. These injections also labeled neurons in the glossopharyngeal, proximal vagal, and distal vagal ganglia, but unlike the whole wall injections there was no labeling in the spinal ganglia. This suggested that the labeled cells of the spinal ganglia seen after whole wall injections conveyed impulses from the tunica muscularis and serosa.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Onset of action of antipsychotics in the treatment of mania

Introduction: An important consideration in treating acute mania is the promptness with which a chosen therapy can bring symptom amelioration. This article reviews the available published data from controlled, blinded studies regarding the latency of responses to antipsychotics in patients with acute mania.

Methods: Articles for this review were obtained from a search of the Medline database (1966–1999), using the following keywords and phrases: antipsychotic, atypical, bipolar disorder, mania, neuroleptic, typical. The bibliographic sections of articles gleaned from this search were used to direct further inquiries.

Results: Although information regarding the onset of action of antipsychotics is limited, we discovered data for four typical and three atypical antipsychotics. Drugs with the fastest onsets include haloperidol, risperidone, and olanzapine, with onsets appearing in 2–6 days. Chlorpromazine and thiothixene were at the slowest end of the continuum, with onsets of 2 weeks or longer. Data regarding pimozide are mixed, with some studies showing an onset equivalent to that of the 'fast' compounds and others showing one similar to that of the 'slow' compounds.

Conclusions: Choice of therapy should consider not only efficacy and safety, but also onset speed. Atypical antipsychotics appear to offer safer, faster, and more effective therapies.