高职贫困生孤独感特点及其与社会支持的关系

目的研究高职贫困生孤独感的特点及其与社会支持的关系。方法采用问卷法和个别访谈法研究调查了江苏省2258名高职学生,其中筛选出高职贫困生361名,研究其孤独感特点及其与社会支持的关系。结果高职贫困生孤独感显著高于高职非贫困生,高职贫困男生的情绪孤立显著高于高职贫困女生,高职贫困生的客观支持显著低于高职非贫困生,高职贫困生孤独感与社会支持呈显著负相关,且主观支持和对支持的利用度对高职贫困生孤独感有显著的预测作用。结论构建良好的社会支持系统有助于提高高职贫困生心理健康水平。     

高职新生自我和谐特点及其与心理健康的关系

目的研究高职新生自我和谐特点及其与心理健康的关系。方法采用自我和谐问卷和症状自评量表调查高职新生1939人,研究其自我和谐特点及其与心理健康的关系。结果高职新生自我和谐和心理健康总体情况较好,且自我和谐对心理健康有着很好的预测作用。结论高职新生自我和谐程度对其心理健康有显著性影响。既要更注重单亲家庭学生的心理健康教育,也要进一步关注女生心理健康。     

初中生孤独感与家庭环境的关系

目的 了解初中生的孤独感现状,探究家庭环境对初中生孤独感的影响.方法 采用家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)及情绪—社交孤独问卷(ESLI)对556名初中生进行问卷调查.结果 本次调查结果发现,53.2%的初中生存在情绪孤立,39.1%存在社交孤立,38.5%存在情绪孤独,33.9%存在社交孤独.男生孤立感和孤独感较女生显著(P<0.01).初二学生情绪孤独较初一学生显著(P<0.05).情绪孤立与社交孤立的影响因子包括家庭亲密度、知识性和娱乐性.情绪孤独和社交孤独的影响因子包括家庭亲密度、矛盾性、娱乐性和组织性.结论 初中生孤独感发生率较高,家庭环境对初中生的孤独感具有重要的作用.     

中专护生社会支持与人际关系对其孤独感的作用

目的调查高等医学院校中专护理专业学生(护生)的社会支持、人际关系与孤独感现状,探讨三者之间的关系,为中专护生的心理健康教育工作提供参考。方法利用方便取样方法,于2015年10月15日选取西南医科大学中专护理专业210名在校学生为研究对象,采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、人际关系综合诊断量表(IRIDS)和UCLA孤独量表(UCLA-LS)对其社会支持程度、人际关系现状及孤独感程度进行调查。应用SPSS 18.0进行统计分析。结果中专护生SSRS总评分为(32.46±5.14)分,有无恋爱经历及不同生源地护生的SSRS各维度评分差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05);IRIDS评分为(11.67±4.66)分,有无恋爱经历者评分差异有统计学意义(t=-2.37,P=0.019);UCLA-LS评分为(46.69±7.69)分,有无恋爱经历及不同生源地护生的UCLA-LS各维度评分差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。SSRS总评分与IRIDS及UCLA-LS评分均呈负相关(P均0.01),IRIDS评分与UCLA-LS评分呈正相关(P0.01)。中专护生的交际困扰、交谈困扰和待人接物困扰与主观支持、对支持的利用度可预测孤独感(R~2=0.352,F=21.74,P0.01)。结论中专护生的社会支持、人际关系和孤独感三者之间相关,改善人际关系与社会支持度,可能有利于降低孤独感,促进中专护生的心理健康。     

孤独感对高职生智能手机依赖的影响

目的研究孤独感对高职生智能手机依赖的影响。方法 2013年5月,通过方便抽样的方法选取江苏省盐城市400名高职生,采用大学生手机成瘾倾向量表(MPATS)和情绪-社交孤独问卷(ESLI)调查其孤独感和手机依赖的状况。结果孤独感的四个因子情绪孤立(R2=0.084)、情绪孤独(R2=0.172)、社交孤立(R2=0.187)、社交孤独(R2=0.142)均对高职生智能手机依赖有预测作用。路径分析揭示了孤独感对智能手机依赖的直接影响作用效果为0.35。结论预防孤独感可能会减少高职生对智能手机的依赖。     

高职贫困生应激生活事件、社会支持与孤独感的关系：SEM建构

目的构建高职贫困生社会支持、应激生活事件与孤独感的关系模型,检验社会支持在结构方程中的中介效应。方法对361名高职贫困生分别采用社会支持量表、青少年社会生活事件问卷和孤独感问卷进行测评,并分析其内在关系,进而构建潜变量间的结构方程模型,并对模型进行最优地修正。结果结构方程分析表明,高职贫困生应激生活事件和社会支持对孤独感有直接作用力,社会支持在应激生活事件对孤独感影响中起到中介作用。结论应激生活事件、社会支持对高职贫困生孤独感的作用得到结构方程的有力支持。     

女性中专护生负性情绪、孤独感与社会支持的相关研究

目的探讨女性中专护生负性情绪、孤独感与社会支持三者之间的关系,为制定有针对性的心理干预措施以及开展女性中专护生的心理健康教育工作提供参考。方法于2018年6月-10月采用随机抽样方法抽取西南医科大学护理学院1 300名在校中专护生为研究对象,采用抑郁-焦虑-压力量表中文精简版(DASS-21)、UCLA孤独感量表(UCLA-LS)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对其负性情绪、孤独感及社会支持等进行调查,并探索三者之间的关系。结果女性中专护生DASS-21总评分为(22.39±8.26)分,其中抑郁、焦虑、压力分量表评分分别为(7.56±3.32)分、(8.82±3.49)分、(7.00±3.58)分;UCLA-LS评分为(46.25±8.12)分,SSRS总评分为(33.16±5.82)分。女性中专护生DASS-21评分与UCLA-LS评分呈正相关(r=0.431,P0.01),SSRS总评分与DASS-21评分及UCLA-LS评分均呈负相关(r=-0.193、-0.345,P均0.01)。结论女性中专护生的负性情绪、社会支持与孤独感之间存在相关性。     

高职学生主观幸福感及与自尊的关系

目的探讨高职院校学生主观幸福感的特点及与自尊的关系。方法采取整群随机抽样方法抽取江苏省三所高等职业院校2063名高职生,采用总体幸福感量表(GWB)和自尊量表(SES)调查高职生主观幸福感状况及其与自尊的关系。结果高职女生主观幸福感评分高于男生,差异有统计学意义(t=2.97,P<0.01);母亲是大学文化的高职生主观幸福感评分高于母亲是小学文化的高职生(t=3.88,P<0.01);人文艺术类与理工科类高职生的主观幸福感评分差异有统计学意义(t=3.13,P<0.01);高职生主观幸福感和自尊之间有正相关关系(r=0.17,P<0.01),自尊对主观幸福感有预测作用。结论性别、母亲受教育程度和专业类别对高职生主观幸福感有影响,尤以男生、母亲是小学受教育程度及理工类高职生主观幸福感较低,加强高职生的自尊有助于提高其主观幸福感。     

重庆万州区青少年学生的心理状况调查

目的:了解重庆万州区青少年学生心理卫生状况,为开展心理健康教育提供依据. 方法:采用儿童青少年长处和困难问卷一学生版(SDQ)对8所学校中3 923名青少年学生进行调查,了解其心理健康状况及影响因素. 结果:青少年学生心理问题检出率为47.11%;其中毕业班与非毕业班、男生与女生之间差异无统计学意义,而在学习成绩,是否住校,是否留守,是否学生干部,与父母关系及有无家庭创伤等因素对青少年学生的心理健康影响较大(P<0.05或P<0.001). 结论:重庆万州区青少年学生的心理健康状况不容乐观,应提高家庭对青少年学生的支持,加强心理健康的教育.     

工科高职毕业生自我效能感和职业能力及其关系

目的调查工科高职毕业生自我效能感和职业能力及其关系,为高职生心理健康教育提供科学依据。方法采取整群随机抽样方法,抽取200名工科高职毕业生,用自我效能感量表和职业能力自评量表进行自我效能感和职业能力倾向测试,回收有效问卷188份。结果高职男生在自我效能感和职业能力中的学习能力、语言能力、空间能力、形态能力、眼手协调能力等方面优于高职女生(P均<0.05);自我效能感总均分与空间能力、文秘能力和眼手运动能力正相关(r=0.213～0.342,P均<0.01);眼手协调能力因素能解释高职毕业生自我效能感回归模型变异的19.20%。结论提高高职生动手能力,有助于提高他们的自我效能感。     

Moderating Mechanism in the Relationship between Social Isolation and Mental Health among College Students during High-Risk Period of COVID-19 Transmission in Hubei,China

This study explored the effect of perceived social isolation on the mental health of college students during the high-risk period of COVID-19 transmission in Hubei, China and the role of social support from online friends in alleviating this effect. The questionnaire responses of 213 college students from four universities in Hubei were included. Measurement and structural models were constructed using structural equation modeling. The findings revealed that perceived social isolation while under home quarantine was a negative predictor of the mental health of college students in Hubei. Low social support from online friends may lead to a relatively strong relationship between perceived social isolation and mental health in these college students, whereas high social support from online friends may lead to a relatively weak relationship between perceived social isolation and mental health.     

寄宿制重点高中男女生心理卫生状况的比较研究

了解寄宿制高中男女生的心理卫生状况。方法 采用流调用抑郁量表（CES－D）、Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表（PHSS）、家庭环境量表（FES－CV）、Achenbach‘s青少年自评量表（YSR）、Eysenck个性问卷（EPQ）、中小学生团体智力测验对539名寄宿制高中学生进行了评定。结果 高中女生在情感表达、知识性和道德观分量表评分高于男生;男生在焦虑分量表的得分高于女生;男女生的行为问题有极显著差异;高中男女生个性有极显著差异。结论 寄宿制重点高中男女生有其各自独特的心理卫生状况。     

Review: Interventions addressing loneliness amongst university students: a systematic review

Background

Loneliness is detrimental to mental health, with university students at higher risk of feeling lonely than other population groups. However, little research has explored interventions to reduce loneliness among students. This review identifies the characteristics and effectiveness of interventions targeting university/college students.

Methods

PsycINFO, Medline, ASSIA and Web of Science were searched from inception using keywords linked to ‘loneliness’, ‘intervention’ and ‘students’. Relevant peer and nonpeer-reviewed English-language articles on studies implementing an intervention with loneliness as an outcome and investigating undergraduate or postgraduate students at a higher education institution were included for quality analysis and narrative synthesis. Risk of bias was assessed at both study level and at outcome level.

Results

Twenty-eight articles were included, comprising 25 quantitative and three qualitative studies, covering 37 interventions, most implemented in the United States. Interventions were based on psychoeducation, social support groups, increasing social interaction or reflective exercises. The age of the participants (n = 2339) ranged from 17.62 to 25 (mean age 20.63) years. Evidence from the RCTs suggests that most interventions influenced loneliness outcomes, but the magnitude of the benefit is unclear. Across quantitative studies, 80% (16/20) of interventions based on either social support groups, increasing social interaction or reflective exercises, and 50% (7/14) of interventions based on psychoeducation were deemed effective in reducing loneliness. Most interventions measured quantitatively were delivered in a group setting, of which two thirds were considered effective in reducing loneliness scores, regardless of intervention.

Conclusions

Universities have a choice of interventions to help reduce loneliness among students either on campus or virtually. Ones promoting social connectedness appear to be more successful. More high-quality studies in a larger number of countries are needed, taking vulnerable student groups into consideration.     

College Students’ Academic Stressors on Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison between Graduating Students and Non-Graduating Students

The study aimed to investigate the influence of academic stressors on mental health and the mediating effect of social support and self-identity among college students and further studied the difference between the graduating students and non-graduating students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Recruiting 900 college students as subjects, used the college students’ academic stressors questionnaire, social support questionnaire, self-identity scale and depression anxiety stress scales (DASS-21). The results showed that: (1) The college students’ academic stressor positively predicted mental health; (2) Social support and self-identity mediated the relationship; (3) The model also held when academic stressors was replaced by work stressor, but there were differences between the graduating and non-graduating students; (4) The direct effect work stressor on mental health in the graduating group was not significant; (5) The non-graduating students’ work stressor could not predict mental health through social support.     

单亲家庭入伍新兵儿童期虐待对心理健康状况影响的研究

目的 研究单亲家庭入伍士兵儿童期虐待情况对心理健康状况的影响.方法 采取整群抽样法对南京军区某部310名入伍新兵进行儿童受虐问卷（CTQ-SF）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）评定.结果 单亲家庭组CTQ-SF中虐待总分、情感忽视、躯体忽视评分均明显高于非单亲家庭组（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）;单亲家庭组SCL-90中精神病性因子评分明显高于非单亲家庭组（P＜0.05）;单亲家庭组儿童期虐待总分与SCL-90总分及强迫症状、人际关系敏感、忧郁、焦虑、偏执和精神病性因子存在明显正相关（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）.结论 单亲家庭的新兵儿童期遭受更多的忽视,且儿童期虐待会对心理健康状况造成影响.     

Influencing factors of loneliness among older adults in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

China has a large and rapidly growing older population. Loneliness is associated with a range of negative health outcomes in older adults. However, to date, there is still a lack of comprehensive and systematic evidence on the factors influencing loneliness among older adults in China. Nine Chinese and English databases were searched by computer from inception to March 2022: China Knowledge Network, WanFang Data, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. Studies on factors influencing loneliness among older adults in China were included. Two reviewers independently completed the literature screening, quality evaluation, and data extraction, and statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.4 software. A total of 15 studies were included in the review, with 47 066 participants in total. Fifty-nine influencing factors of loneliness in older Chinese were involved. Twenty factors with a total of 30 subfactors that were involved in two or more studies and with extractable data were included in the data synthesis. Eleven subfactors were not statistically significantly associated with loneliness, namely, male, female, lower age, higher education level, health status—fair, health status—poor, social support—none/low, no health insurance, smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index—overweight and above (all P > 0.05), while the remaining 19 subfactors (concerning 15 factors) were significantly associated with loneliness in older adults in China (all P < 0.05). This study suggested that age, education level, marital status, living arrangement, having (no) children, receiving family support, relationship with family members, being with or without chronic diseases, health status, activities of daily living, social support, social activities, financial status, satisfaction with housing conditions, and the decision-making right for major household expenditures were the main influencing factors of loneliness among older adults in China.