儿童行为问题与家庭环境的关系

作者用 Achenbach 儿童行为量表及自拟的家庭情况调查表对上海市1100名中小学生进行了调查研究,从五个方面分析儿童行为问题总分与环境因素的关系,结果发现:(1)行为问题评分与住房层次高低关系不明显;(2)与有无安静读书环境的关系也不明显;(3)与居住地区社会风气好坏关系明显(P<0.05);(4)与父母文化程度高低关系明显(P<0.05);(5)与家庭类型不明显。作者对出现以上情况的原因进行了初步讨论。     

儿童行为问题相关因素研究

目的：研究儿童行为问题的相关因素。方法：采用Achenbach儿童行为问卷，对1002名12～16岁学生进行调查。结果：照顾者是父母，托儿所养育，父母职业为干部的学生精神卫生问题发生率低。父母期望过高，教育态度不一致，溺爱或过严，打骂为主的学生精神卫生问题发生率高。环境安静，学习风气浓，住房条件好，与家庭成员关系好，有好朋友，参加娱乐活动多的学生精神卫生问题发生率低。结论：儿童行为问题与环境和父母情况以及儿童本身素质等因素相关。     

心理弹性预测受虐儿童对情绪面孔的注意加工

目的本研究旨在探讨不同心理弹性的受虐儿童对情绪面孔的注意加工特点。方法使用杨世昌儿童受虐筛查自编问卷从遵义市某小学筛选出90名被试,分为受虐儿童和非受虐儿童,再使用青少年心理韧性量表将受虐和非受虐儿童再分别分为高、低心理弹性两组,然后让他们完成点探测任务。结果心理弹性的人际协助可以正向预测受虐儿童对愉快面孔以及愤怒作为无效线索时的反应速度,而家庭支持维度可以正向预测非受虐儿童对愉快面孔的反应速度。结论尽管受虐儿童的家庭支持水平极低,但是家庭环境之外的人际协助可以预测受虐儿童对情绪刺激的认知加工。     

家庭生活事件与儿童行为问题

本文用家庭生活事件问卷和儿童行为问卷对城乡301个家庭，共402名3－15岁的儿童进行了调查。结果表明家庭生活事件与儿童行为问题具有伴随关系，且发现父母教育方式不当、家庭气氛不良以及你母角色能力不足等方面的6项家庭生活事件与儿童行为问题的关系最为密切。     

行为问题儿童脑电图的对照分析

行为问题儿童脑电图的对照分析山东省济宁市精神病防治院（２７２１５１）周玉萍闫珉袁学明为探讨脑电图（ＥＥＧ），对行为问题儿童的诊断价值，我们对１５０例行为问题儿童脑电图结果报告分析如下。１对象和方法选用英国Ｒｕｔｅｒ设计的儿童行为量表，由北京精研所翻译...     

儿童腺样体肥大与心理行为问题的关系

腺样体肥大作为儿童耳鼻喉科的一种常见病,具有发病年龄小、不易被察觉、易诱发心理行为问题等特点。儿童心理行为问题是指在严重程度和持续时间上都超过了儿童相应年龄所允许的正常范围的异常行为。本文围绕腺样体肥大、腺样体肥大的并发症及其治疗手段与儿童心理行为问题之间的相关系进行综述,为儿童身心保健者提供临床指导和实践参考。     

外来与留守小学生心理行为问题的对照研究

目的:了解昆明市小学生的心理健康状况及特征,并对外来儿童、留守儿童等特殊群体的心理健康状况进行分析,为制订干预措施提供依据。方法:运用Rutter儿童行为量表(教师用)对昆明市2所小学的380名儿童进行调查,分析留守儿童、外来儿童的心理健康状况,并与其他儿童及昆明市儿童常模进行比较。结果:2所小学儿童行为问题检出率为18.5%,不同性别儿童检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=136.903,P0.05);不同年级检出率差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.273,P0.05);外来儿童、留守儿童总体检出率明显高于普通家庭儿童,在检出有行为问题的儿童中,外来儿童以神经质行为为主,留守儿童以反社会行为为主。结论:昆明市外来儿童、留守儿童心理健康状况不容乐观,应该引起重视。     

父母教养方式与儿童网络成瘾行为的关系

目的 :探讨父母教养方式与儿童网络成瘾心理行为的关系。　方法 :用父母养育方式评定量表 (EMBU) ,艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ)儿童版 ,Achenbach儿童行为量表 (CBCL)分别对 4 2名网络成瘾儿童及 4 2名正常儿童进行评定。　结果 :网络成瘾儿童的父母在教养方式上对孩子过于严厉 ,惩罚过多 ,而理解关心不够。在CBCL评定中 ,网络成瘾儿童在交往不良、不成熟、违纪等评分明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论 :网络成瘾儿童父母教养方式存在缺陷 ,他们的孩子存在较多的心理行为问题     

125名行为问题儿童脑电图对比分析

用Ｒｕｔｔｅｒ儿童行为量表筛选诊断学龄期行为问题儿童１２５人，与正常儿童进行脑电图对比研究，提示行为问题儿童脑电图异常率较正常儿童高，差异有显著性意义（Ｐ〈０。０１）。在不同行为问题症状组分析时，Ｎ行为脑电图异常率较Ａ行为高，尤其具有Ａ及Ｎ双重行为者脑电图异常更明显，且异常程度也重，说明脑电图改变与儿童行为问题的类型有关。     

Resilience in families raising children with disabilities and behavior problems

The purpose of this study was to investigate the resilience displayed by families raising children with disabilities and behavior problems. The question is why do some families do well when others, exposed to similar stressors, struggle to keep their family life running? A stratified (by child age group) random sample of 538 families raising children with disabilities in Alberta, Canada took part. Participants completed the Family Life Survey, which incorporated measures of child behavior problems, social–ecological resources and family-level ‘outcomes’. Families raising children with disabilities and behavior problems ‘do well’ under conditions of high social support and low financial hardship. In contrast, families with low levels of social support and high levels of financial hardship typically struggle, even when the number or intensity of child behavior problems is low. The study findings are consistent with the view that ‘resilience’ has more to do with the availability and accessibility of culturally relevant resources than with intrinsic, individual or family factors. With respect to family-level outcomes, strengthening social relationships and ameliorating financial hardship may be more important than behavior modification.     

Recurrent seizures and behavior problems in children with first recognized seizures: a prospective study

PURPOSE: Children with epilepsy have high rates of behavior problems. The purpose was to describe prospectively the association of seizures and behavior problems in children with new-onset seizures. METHODS: Subjects were 224 children with new-onset seizures (aged 4-14 years) and 159 siblings (4-18 years). Caregiver's ratings of the behavior were collected 4 times: at baseline, and at 6, 12, and 24 months. During the 2-year period, 163 (73%) children had at least one additional seizure, and 61 (27%) had none. Data were analyzed by using repeated measures analysis of variance both with and without covariates [site, age, gender, race, caregiver education (years), and seizure medications]. RESULTS: On average, children had higher CBCL Total and Internalizing Behavior Problems scores across all times when experiencing recurrent seizures than when not experiencing recurrent seizures (Total Problems, p = 0.041, controlling for demographics and seizure medications). Siblings had significantly lower Total and Internalizing Problems scores than both children experiencing (Total Problems adjusting for covariates, p = 0.0001) and not experiencing recurrent seizures (p = 0.0004). Externalizing Problems scores were not significantly different among children with recurring seizures, children without recurring seizures, and siblings. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent seizures significantly predicted behavior problems very early in the course of a seizure condition, even when key child, demographic, and seizure variables were controlled. Explanations for these findings include the possibilities that both seizures and behavior problems are caused by an underlying neurological disorder, that seizures per se disrupt behavior, or that children have negative psychological responses to seizure activity.     

Associations between child behavior problems,family management,and depressive symptoms for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder

PurposeThe purpose of the current study was to examine the relationships between child behavior problems and mothers’ depressive symptoms and to determine whether family management mediates this relationship.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of parents in a southeastern state. Mothers of children with ASD (n = 234) completed self-reported measures of child behavior problems, depressive symptoms, and family management using ad-hoc questions, CES-D-Boston short form, and family management measure (FaMM), respectively. We used a parallel multiple mediator model to address the study hypotheses.ResultsChildren’s behavior problems were significantly associated with mothers’ depressive symptoms and with all five subscales of the FaMM. However, only the Family Life Difficulty subscale was a significant predictor of parent depressive symptoms, suggesting that Family Life Difficulty was the only mediator of the association between child behavior problems and mothers’ depressive symptoms. After accounting for the mediators, the direct effect of child behavior problems on parent depressive symptoms was non-significant.ConclusionAs the severity of child behavior problems increased, mothers of children with ASD perceived a greater impact of ASD on their family life, which in turn increased the levels of the mothers’ depressive symptoms. Family Life Difficulty assesses parent perceptions of the extent to which their child with ASD influences family relationships and routines, suggesting a need for family-centered services that assist the family in maintaining or adapting to their routines.     

沿海城乡在校少年行为问题及影响因素对照研究

目的 探讨沿海城市与农村在校少年行为问题的检出率及影响因素。方法 应用Achenbach儿童行为量表，采用整群分层随机抽样方法调查了城市与农村12～16岁1744名在校少年。结果 城市、农村在校少年行为问题的检出率分别为20．82％和19．80％，两组间无统计学差异。多元逐步回归分析揭示少年行为问题的主要影响因素，城市组依次为喂养方式、同学关系、儿童疾病、母亲健康状况、抬头时间、学习成绩、教育方式和在校表现。农村组依次为亲子关系、在校表现、乙童疾病、同学关系、父母婚配、会走时间、停止尿床时间和母亲疾病。结论 少年儿童行为问题的发生并非受单一因素的影响，而是与多种因素的综合作用有关。     

The Child Advocacy Team in child abuse and neglect matters

The Child Advocacy Team is a means of counteracting the fragmentation and lack of continuity of professional and volunteer services for children and their families in child abuse and neglect cases. The experience of the University of Wisconsin Child Advocacy Service is used to illustrate the formation, operation, and efficacy of the Child Advocacy Team.     

儿童少年行为问题中的遗传-家庭亲密度交互作用研究

目的研究儿童少年行为问题的影响因素中，遗传因素与家庭亲密度之间是否存在交互作用。方法分别采用Achenbach儿童行为量表和家庭环境量表中文版亲密度分量表对多级随机抽样的64对双生子进行评定，并分析遗传因素与家庭亲密度之间的关系。结果双生子的家庭亲密度为（6．66±1．91），低于中国常模（P〈0．001）。不同卵性双生子家庭亲密度的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；在低亲密度及高亲密度家庭环境中，儿童少年的行为问题遗传度分别为0．88和0．75，前者的遗传度高于后者。结论双生子家庭亲密度低于非双生子家庭；儿童少年行为问题的遗传因素与家庭亲密度之间可能存在交互作用。     

精神分裂症子女的行为问题及相关因素分析

目的 探讨精神分裂症子女的行为问题及相关因素。方法 以Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)为工具，对260名精神分裂症患者的子女(研究组)行为问题及其影响因素进行调查，并与正常健康者的子女(对照组)进行对照。结果 精神分裂症子女行为问题检出率为31．2％。显著高于对照组的12．3％；其主要影响因素为儿童健康状况差、孕产期不利因素、家庭教育方式不当、亲子关系差、居住地社会风气差和学习成绩差。结论 精神分裂症子女的行为问题发生率较高，为生物、心理及社会因素共同作用的结果，并需全面干预。     

Epigenetic signatures of childhood abuse and neglect: Implications for psychiatric vulnerability

Childhood maltreatment is a key risk factor for poor mental and physical health. Recently, variation in epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, has emerged as a potential pathway mediating this association; yet, the extent to which different forms of maltreatment may be characterized by unique vs shared epigenetic signatures is currently unknown. In this study, we quantified DNA methylation across the genome in buccal epithelial cell samples from a high-risk sample of inner-city youth (n = 124; age = 16–24; 53% female), 68% of whom reported experiencing at least one form of maltreatment while growing up. Our analyses aimed to identify methylomic variation associated with exposure to five major types of childhood maltreatment. We found that: (i) maltreatment types differ in the extent to which they associate with methylomic variation, with physical exposures showing the strongest associations; (ii) many of the identified loci are annotated to genes previously implicated in stress-related outcomes, including psychiatric and physical disorders (e.g. GABBR1, GRIN2D, CACNA2D4, PSEN2); and (iii) based on gene ontology analyses, maltreatment types not only show unique methylation patterns enriched for specific biological processes (e.g. physical abuse and cardiovascular function), but also share a ‘common’ epigenetic signature enriched for biological processes related to neural development and organismal growth. A stringent set of sensitivity analyses were also run to identify high-confidence associations. Together, findings lend novel insights into epigenetic signatures of childhood abuse and neglect, point to novel potential biomarkers for future investigation and support a molecular link between maltreatment and poor health outcomes. Nevertheless, it will be important in future to replicate findings, as the use of cross-sectional data and high rates of polyvictimization in our study make it difficult to fully disentangle the shared vs unique epigenetic signatures of maltreatment types. Furthermore, studies will be needed to test the role of potential moderators in the identified associations, including age of onset and chronicity of maltreatment exposure.     

初中生行为问题相关因素分析

目的 探讨初中生行为问题及其相关因素。方法 应用Achenbach儿童行为量表（CBCL），自拟儿童情况调查表，父母养育方式评价量表（EMBU），对本市随机抽取两所普通中学1585名在校学生进行调查，对其行为问题及相关因素进行单因素及多元逐步回归分析。结果 初中生行为问题检出率为10.9%,男孩的行为问题主要为不成熟，多动，攻击性，敌意等，女孩的行为问题主要为体诉多，焦虑强迫，抑郁退缩等，与初中生行为问题相关的因素有：父母对儿童管教态度是否一致，家居住地附近风气，与其他儿童关系。母孕期情绪及营养等。结论 初中生行为问题的发生受多因素影响，应采取综合干预措施。