轻度认知损害患者的空间结构能力障碍

目的 研究轻度认知损害(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)患者空间结构能力的缺损与保持状况.方法 将被试者分为3组:健康对照组122名,其中男51名、女71名;MCI组205例,男95例、女110例,其中遗忘型MCI(aMCI)133例,非遗忘型MCI(naMCI)72例;阿尔茨海默病(AD)组75例,男36例、女39例.全部进行Rey-Osterrieth复杂图形测验(CFT)、画钟测验(CDT)、搭火柴测验3个结构能力测验,同时完成简易精神状态量表(MMSE)等测验.健康对照组、MCI组和AD组MMSE平均得分分别为28.24±1.74、27.39±1.83和19.98±3.23.采用SPSS for windows 11.5统计软件,计数资料采用卡方检验,3组间比较采用One-way方差分析,然后采用Bonferroni(LSD)法进行多重比较.结果(1)以健康组为对照,CFT模仿得分和CDT总分与年龄、教育年限没有显著相关性,搭火柴测验-旋转部分(STR)与年龄有相关性(r=-0.179,P＜0.05),与教育年限没有显著相关性.(2)CFT模仿得分与CDT总分(r=0.337)、STR(r=0.232),CDT总分与STR(r =0.235),均有显著相关性(均P＜0.01).(3)CFr模仿和CDT总分分别与反映执行功能的连线测验B、Stroop色词测验卡片C耗时数的相关性最高,而STR与反映记忆的指标听觉词语学习测验的相关性高.CFT模仿、CDT总分和STR在健康对照组、MCI组和AD组之间差异有统计学意义.(4)在识别MCI方面,经过对3组结构测验表现的比较得出STR优于CFT模仿、CDT总分.结论 结构能力损害是MCI的表现之一,空间旋转能力的评估在识别MCI方面优于CFT模仿、CDT总分.     

皮质下缺血性血管性认知损害扩散张量成像研究

目的通过扩散张量成像(DTI)探讨皮质下缺血性血管性认知损害患者白质微结构变化及其与认知功能之间的相关性。方法采集49例皮质下缺血性脑血管病患者[轻度血管性痴呆(VaD)10例、非痴呆型血管性认知损害(VCIND)20例、认知功能正常19例]DTI数据并观察皮质下白质微结构改变,分析VaD组患者DTI参数与认知功能间的相关性。结果与对照组相比,VaD组内侧前额叶、前扣带回、胼胝体干、双侧顶叶、右侧颞叶、双侧眶额叶,以及VCIND组右侧额下回、右侧海马、双侧楔前叶FA值减低(均P=0.000);与VCIND组比较,VaD组内侧前额叶、前扣带回、胼胝体、双侧顶叶、右侧颞叶FA值减低(P=0.000)。与对照组相比,VaD组内侧前额叶、胼胝体、双侧顶叶、双侧颞叶、前扣带回,以及VCIND组双侧楔前叶、右侧海马MD值升高(均P=0.000);与VCIND组相比,VaD组右侧内侧前额叶、前扣带回、胼胝体干、双侧顶叶、双侧颞叶MD值升高(均P=0.000)。VaD组内侧前额叶FA值与数字连线测验A时呈显著负相关(r=-0.782,P=0.007),双侧额下回MD值与数字连线试验A时程呈显著正相关(r=0.877,P=0.001)。结论 DTI对皮质下缺血性认知损害患者白质微结构改变更敏感,能够反映患者认知功能早期异常改变;内侧前额叶白质微结构的改变是影响患者执行能力的重要因素。     

脑白质疏松症伴轻度认知损害患者静息态功能磁共振成像研究

目的采用f MRI研究脑白质疏松症伴或不伴轻度认知损害患者静息态脑网络功能连接,探讨静息态fMRI对脑白质疏松症的早期诊断价值。方法共49例脑白质疏松症患者根据临床痴呆评价量表评分分为脑白质疏松症伴轻度认知损害组(LA-MCI组,34例)和脑白质疏松症不伴轻度认知损害组(LA-NMCI组,15例),采用简易智能状态检查量表、蒙特利尔认知评价量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项和汉密尔顿焦虑量表14项评价认知功能、抑郁和焦虑症状,静息态f MRI研究脑网络功能连接。结果LA-MCI组患者年龄大于正常对照组(P=0.003),MMSE(P=0.001,0.000)和Mo CA(P=0.001,0.000)评分高于LA-NMCI组和正常对照组。与正常对照组相比,LA-MCI组患者突显网络内部核团功能连接减弱,突显网络对脑默认网络核团的功能连接呈增强趋势、对中央执行网络的功能连接呈减弱趋势;LA-NMCI组患者突显网络内部核团功能连接减弱,突显网络对脑默认网络核团的功能连接呈增强趋势、对中央执行网络核团的功能连接呈减弱趋势。结论脑白质疏松症伴或不伴轻度认知损害患者静息态激活脑区与正常人群存在差异,可以在一定程度上解释脑白质疏松症伴认知功能障碍的病理生理学机制。     

遗忘型轻度认知损害患者海马三维磁共振影像特点

目的 运用基于海马表面的形态分析技术,探讨遗忘型轻度认知损害(aMCI)患者的海马三维MRI特点.方法 对15例aMCI患者和16名年龄及教育程度相匹配的对照,行头颅三维MRI扫描,数据采集后采用InsightSNAP 1.4.1软件在可视三维窗口下选取冠状位逐层勾勒海马轮廓,计算机自动计算海马体积后,进行两组间海马体积的统计学分析;将海马磁共振影像经过三维网格重建,其曲面网格参数化为400×200的点,将各点到中轴线的径向距离进行两组间比较,获得左右海马径向距离t值图;再经多重比较校正后,获得aMCI组与健康对照组问的三维海马形态差异图.结果 左侧海马标化平均体积aMCI组(3247.5±600.2)mm3、健康对照组(3467.9±451.3)mm3,两者差异无统计学意义(t=1.161,P=0.255).右侧海马标化平均体积aMCI组(3416.8±699.1)mm3、健康对照组(3469.1±358.9)mm3,两者差异亦无统计学意义(U=0.178,P=0.859).运用基于海马表面的形态分析技术得到两组间三维海马形态差异图,结果显示aMCI组与健康对照组相比双侧海马的外侧及下表面(组织学上的CA1区和下托)明显萎缩.结论 aMCI患者海马体积未见显著性减小,但通过基于海马表面的形态分析,发现aMCI患者的海马部分区域形态有一定程度的萎缩,以双侧海马外侧及下表面的区域性萎缩为主.这一结果可能反映了aMCI的早期影像学标志.     

轻度认知损害患者氢质子磁共振波谱随访研究

目的回顾分析并总结轻度认知损害(MCI)患者认知功能转归及脑组织代谢物氢质子磁共振波谱(~1H-MRS)特点。方法采用简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评价量表(Mo CA)评价75例轻度认知损害患者和17例性别、年龄、受教育程度相匹配的正常对照者的认知功能,1H-MRS检测左侧海马和左侧额叶代谢物[包括N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)、肌醇(m I)、谷氨酸复合物(Glx)]表达变化。结果与正常对照者相比,轻度认知损害患者左侧海马和左侧额叶Glx/Cr比值均降低(P=0.030,0.030)。至随访结束时,MCI组7例(9.33%)进展为阿尔茨海默病、55例(73.33%)认知功能无变化、13例(17.33%)逆转为认知功能正常;正常对照组13例(13/17)认知功能功能无变化,2例(2/17)进展为轻度认知损害,无一例进展为阿尔茨海默病。不同认知功能转化亚组中仅MCI-MCI组患者Glx/Cr比值高于MCI-AD组(P=0.040)。结论左侧海马和左侧额叶Glx/Cr比值降低可能是轻度认知损害患者认知功能恶化较敏感的生物学指标,尚待扩大样本量、延长随访时间深入研究。     

遗忘型轻度认知损害患者海马三维磁共振影像特点

Objective To identify the characteristics of hippocampal 3-dimensional MRI in patients diagnosed as having subtypes of amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI)using hippocampal surfacebased analytic technique.Methods Fifry aMCI patients and 16 healthy controls who were equivalent in age and education(NC)were recruited.Every subiect carried out a 3-dimensional MRI scan.After the imaging data were acquired.the borders of the hippocampus were manually traced in coronal vlew using the software of InsightSNAP1.4.1. Hippocampal volume was computed automatically and statistically analysed.Hippocampal 3-dimension MRI were transformed into 3-dimension parametric surface mesh models of 400×200 prids.Hippocampal radial distance measures which was the distance from the surface point to the central axis were statistically compared between two groups.The radial atrophy significance maps were acquired and adjusted for multiple comparisons.Hippocampal morphological difference maps of aMCI in contrast with NC were acquired.Results The average normalized volume of left hippocampus were(3247.5±600.2)mm3 in aMCI patients and(3467.9±451.3)mm3 in NC subjects.The average normalized volume of right hippocampus were(3416.8±699.1)mm3 in aMCI patients and(3469.1±358.9)mm3 in NC subjects.Comparison of hippocampal volume did not differ significantly between aMCI patients and NC subjects(t=1.161,P=0.255;U=0.178,P=0.859).By using hippocampal surface-based morphologic analytic technique,3-dimension hippocampal morphological difference maps between two groups were acquired,showing significant atrophy on the lateral and inferior hippocampal surface which corresponded to CA1 and subiculum hippocampal subfields bilaterally in aMCI patients compared with NC subjects. Conclusions aMCI patients do not have significant volume loss in the hippocampus. Through hippocampal surface-based morphologic analyses, partial regional atrophy of hippocampus at some degree is found, mainly localizing in the lateral and inferior hippocampal regions which correspond to CA1 and subiculum hippocampal subfields bilaterally in aMCI compared with NC. These results may reflect the early image marker in aMCI.     

遗忘型轻度认知损害患者海马三维磁共振影像特点

Objective To identify the characteristics of hippocampal 3-dimensional MRI in patients diagnosed as having subtypes of amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI)using hippocampal surfacebased analytic technique.Methods Fifry aMCI patients and 16 healthy controls who were equivalent in age and education(NC)were recruited.Every subiect carried out a 3-dimensional MRI scan.After the imaging data were acquired.the borders of the hippocampus were manually traced in coronal vlew using the software of InsightSNAP1.4.1. Hippocampal volume was computed automatically and statistically analysed.Hippocampal 3-dimension MRI were transformed into 3-dimension parametric surface mesh models of 400×200 prids.Hippocampal radial distance measures which was the distance from the surface point to the central axis were statistically compared between two groups.The radial atrophy significance maps were acquired and adjusted for multiple comparisons.Hippocampal morphological difference maps of aMCI in contrast with NC were acquired.Results The average normalized volume of left hippocampus were(3247.5±600.2)mm3 in aMCI patients and(3467.9±451.3)mm3 in NC subjects.The average normalized volume of right hippocampus were(3416.8±699.1)mm3 in aMCI patients and(3469.1±358.9)mm3 in NC subjects.Comparison of hippocampal volume did not differ significantly between aMCI patients and NC subjects(t=1.161,P=0.255;U=0.178,P=0.859).By using hippocampal surface-based morphologic analytic technique,3-dimension hippocampal morphological difference maps between two groups were acquired,showing significant atrophy on the lateral and inferior hippocampal surface which corresponded to CA1 and subiculum hippocampal subfields bilaterally in aMCI patients compared with NC subjects. Conclusions aMCI patients do not have significant volume loss in the hippocampus. Through hippocampal surface-based morphologic analyses, partial regional atrophy of hippocampus at some degree is found, mainly localizing in the lateral and inferior hippocampal regions which correspond to CA1 and subiculum hippocampal subfields bilaterally in aMCI compared with NC. These results may reflect the early image marker in aMCI.     

遗忘型轻度认知功能损害患者大脑皮质结构磁共振成像的改变

目的 运用MRI及FMRIB software library(FSL)和Freesurfer软件包分析技术,研究遗忘型轻度认知功能损害(amnestic mild cognitive impairment,aMCI)患者全脑皮质结构改变情况.方法 对20例aMCI患者和20名年龄、性别、文化程度相匹配的健康志愿者,应用SEMENTS trio3.0 T MRI仪,采用高分辨扫描技术获取大脑精细结构立体像,然后应用FSL软件和Freesurfer软件包进行数据分析和后处理,计算出全脑不同部位皮质密度和厚度,比较aMCI组与健康对照组皮质结构特征的区别.结果 与健康对照组相比,aMCI组的左侧额叶、顶叶、颞叶皮质密度显著降低,右侧丘脑、颞叶及左侧岛叶皮质密度轻度降低;aMCI组左侧前扣带回[(2.19±0.24)mm]、顶下小叶[(2.27±0.15)mm],双侧海马旁回[(2.03±0.15)、(2.04±0.17)mm]、额上回[(2.42±0.34)、(2.40±0.28)mm]、额中回[(2.31±0.31)、(2.33±0.29)mm]、颞极[(3.41±0.68)、(3.30±0.56)mm]、颞横回[(2.04±0.12)、(2.01±0.11)mm]、中央前回[(2.20±0.11)、(2.31±0.19)mm]、中央后回[(1.88±0.11)、(1.82±0.09)mm]、缘上回[(2.53±0.33)、(2.55±0.23)mm]的皮质厚度显著降低(t=2.13～3.75,P＜0.05),其余部位无明显改变(t=0.09～1.88,P＞0.05).结论 aMCI患者大脑多个部位存在皮质结构改变,皮质厚度的变薄早于密度的降低.     

皮质下血管性认知损害危险因素的相关分析

目的 分析皮质下血管性认知损害的相关影响因素.方法 61例符合皮质下缺血性血管病诊断标准患者,经详细的神经心理学测验和临床访谈分为无认知损害组、非痴呆型血管性认知损害组和血管性痴呆组,后两组进一步合并为血管性认知损害组;登记并分析所有患者的社会人口学、血管性危险因素和影像学资料.结果 血管性认知损害总患病率为63.93%(39/61),其中非痴呆型血管性认知损害和血管性痴呆患病率分别为36.07%(22/61)和27.87%(17/61).单因素分析显示:(1)年龄和受教育程度因素比较,血管性痴呆组年龄高于无认知损害组(P=0.029),而受教育程度低于无认知损害组(P=0.022);血管性认知损害组(包括非痴呆型血管性认知损害组和血管性痴呆组)与无认知损害组受试者之间的年龄差异接近统计学意义(t=3.740,P=0.058),但受教育程度低于无认知损害组(t=7.888,P=0.007).(2)血管性认知损害组糖尿病患病率显著高于无认知损害组(P=0.012).(3)皮质下灰质各部位腔隙性梗死灶数目,组间比较差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);血管性痴呆组白质梗死灶数目高于无认知损害组(P=0.027),脑白质病变评分高于非痴呆型血管性认知损害组(P=0.001)和无认知损害组(P=0.017),内侧颞叶萎缩评分高于非痴呆型血管性认知损害组(P=0.001)和无认知损害组(P=0.000);血管性认知损害组白质梗死灶数目、脑白质病变评分和内侧颞叶萎缩评分均高于无认知损害组(t=-2.661,P=0.003;t=-2.953,P=0.005;t=-4.712,P=0.000).多因素分析,糖尿病、脑白质梗死和内侧颞叶萎缩同为皮质下血管性认知损害的独立危险因素.结论 皮质下血管性认知损害常见于皮质下缺血性血管病患者,与糖尿病、脑缺血性损伤和退行性变等多种因素有关.     

轻度认知损害脑白质病变的扩散张量成像研究

目的 通过扩散张量成像(DTI)和基于体素的分析方法进行全脑部分各向异性(FA)差异性分析,尝试发现遗忘型轻度认知损害(aMCI)患者脑白质的特征性改变.方法 根据遗忘型轻度认知损害诊断标准和单项神经心理学测验(词表记忆、相似性、领悟力、连线A、图形自由回忆等),16例遗忘型轻度认知损害患者接受头部DTI,所得影像资料行基于体素的分析.并与认知功能正常者(对照组)比较全脑FA值差异性.结果 (1)对照组简易智能状态检查量表总评分为28.69±1.03,高于aMCI组的27.50 ±1.65(t=1.278.P=0.035).(2)对照组蒙特利尔认知评价量表总评分为25.85±1.52,高于aMCI组的22.50±1.91(t=0.900,P=0.000).(3)对照组词语流畅性词汇数目为(19.08±4.92)个,多于aMCI组的(15.14±4.66)个(t=0.012,P=0.043).(4)对照组词表记忆、延迟词表回忆、词语辨认、图形自由回忆测验评分分别为5.544±0.88、5.15±1.77、9.15±1.07和14.69±2.25,高于aMCI组的3.984±1.07、2.14±1.23、7.00±2.04和10.574±2.31(均P=0.000).(5)aMCI组左侧额中回、右侧额中回白质区FA值显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001).结论 额叶白质病变可能参与遗忘型轻度认知损害的早期病理生理学过程.     

皮质下血管性痴呆患者脑注意和执行功能区激活特征及与认知功能损害的相关性

目的 分析皮质下血管性痴呆( subcortical ischemic vascular dementia,SIVD)患者脑注意和执行功能区激活特征及其与认知功能损害的相关性.方法 SIVD患者20例,健康对照组20名,按年龄、性别、文化层次进行配对.采用Stroop任务和SEMENTS 3.0T MRI仪行功能MRI,将脑功能区激活表现与认知功能损害特征进行相关分析.结果 SIVD患者双侧背外侧前额叶、腹外侧前额叶和后顶叶激活体积均与MoCA总分、视空间与执行、注意、语言、延迟回忆、定向分项得分明显相关(r =0.447～0.837,P＜0.05).结论 Stroop任务引起的功能MRI脑激活图可以反映SIVD患者认知功能的损害.     

Diffusion and volumetry abnormalities in subcortical nuclei of patients with absence seizures

Purpose: The thalamus and basal ganglia play an important role in the propagation and modulation of generalized spike and slow‐wave discharges (SWDs) in absence epilepsy. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique sensitive to microstructural abnormalities of cerebral tissue by quantification of diffusion parameter. The purpose of this study is to investigate the diffusion and volume changes in the basal ganglia and thalamus of patients with absence seizures. Methods: In 11 patients with absence seizures and 11 controls, the thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, and pallidum were segmented using an automated atlas‐based method on the DTI and three‐dimensional (3D) anatomic T₁‐weighted images. Then the fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and volume were extracted and quantified. Key Findings: Compared with controls, patients reveal increased MD values bilaterally in thalamus, putamen, and left caudate nucleus; increased FA value in bilateral caudate nuclei; and loss of volume in bilateral thalamus, putamen, and pallidum. Significant correlations were observed between age of onset and diffusion parameter alterations in caudate nucleus or putamen. Significance: These findings provide preliminary evidence demonstrating that microstructural changes of subcortical structures are related to the chronic abnormal epileptic activity, and add further evidence for the involvement of thalamus and basal ganglia in propagation and modulation of SWDs in absence epilepsy. These results also indicate that DTI is more sensitive for detection of abnormal structure than the conventional MRI, and it may be adopted as a noninvasive means to understand the pathophysiologic evolution of absence seizures.     

轻度认知障碍老年人情节记忆功能的磁共振成像研究

目的 运用核磁共振(MRI)技术探讨轻度认知障碍(MCI)老人与健康老人脑结构和功能的异同.方法 对14例MCI老人(MCI组)和15名健康老人(正常对照组)进行神经心理学检查,并应用基于体素的形态测量方法 ,测定两组的灰质体积,并用事件相关功能MRI技术,测定两组在执行情节记忆提取任务时相关脑区的功能变化.结果 (1)神经心理学:MCI组听觉词语记忆测试[(2.1±1.7)分]和画钟试验[(7.8±1.2)分]成绩差于正常对照组[分别为(9.2±1.3)分和(9.2±0.8)分;P＜0.05].(2)结构影像:MCI组的灰质体积小于正常对照组,主要位于情节记忆相关脑区(P＜0.001).(3)功能影像:MCI组与正常对照组任务正确率和反应时间的差别无统计学意义;MCI组激活降低的脑区主要是海马旁回,而增强激活的脑区主要是前额叶前侧、背外侧、右侧颞上回、右侧颞下回、枕叶皮层(P＜0.005).结论 MCI组内侧颞叶记忆系统结构萎缩、功能下降,在任务难度适当的情节记忆提取任务中,MCI组动员额外脑区激活,以代偿颞叶内侧记忆系统的损害.     

脑白质疏松症患者认知功能与海马代谢关系的研究

目的探讨脑白质疏松症患者认知损害与海马代谢间的关系。方法对108例性别、受教育程度和脑血管病危险因素相匹配且有记忆力减退主诉的患者进行神经心理学评价,通过氢质子磁共振波谱测量左侧海马区N-乙酰天冬氨酸/肌酸、肌醇/肌酸、胆碱复合物/肌酸,以及谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺复合物α峰/肌酸比值,以观察与记忆相关脑区的代谢物变化。结果脑白质疏松症组患者简易智能状态检查量表(24.00)和蒙特利尔认知评价量表(16.50)中位数评分低于对照组(27.00和21.00),组间差异有统计学意义(均P=0.000);其中以视觉执行能力(1.00:3.00)、注意力(4.00:5.00)、语言(1.00:2.00)、延迟回忆(0.00:2.00)等项评分降低最为显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)。韦氏记忆量表中文修订版进一步测验显示,脑白质疏松症组患者瞬时记忆(5.06±2.86)和短时记忆(32.76±13.31)评分均显著低于对照组[(7.68±4.41)和(46.95±1481)],且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05或p<0.01);左侧海马区N-乙酰天冬氨酸、肌醇、胆碱复合物与肌酸比值测定,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论脑白质疏松症引起的认知损害主要表现为视觉执行能力、注意力、语言及记忆(瞬时记忆和短时记忆)显著降低,未发现这一改变与左侧海马代谢变化有关。     

脑白质疏松症患者认知功能与海马代谢关系的研究

目的探讨脑白质疏松症患者认知损害与海马代谢间的关系。方法对108例性别、受教育程度和脑血管病危险因素相匹配且有记忆力减退主诉的患者进行神经心理学评价,通过氢质子磁共振波谱测量左侧海马区N-乙酰天冬氨酸／肌酸、肌醇／肌酸、胆碱复合物／肌酸,以及谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺复合物a峰／肌酸比值,以观察与记忆相关脑区的代谢物变化。结果脑白质疏松症组患者简易智能状态检查量表（24．00）和蒙特利尔认知评价量表（16．50）中位数评分低于对照组（27．00和21．00）,组间差异有统计学意义（均P=0．000）;其中以视觉执行能力（1．00：3．00）、注意力（4．00：5．00）、语言（1．00：2．00）、延迟回忆（0．00：2．00）等项评分降低最为显著（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。韦氏记忆量表中文修订版进一步测验显示,脑白质疏松症组患者瞬时记忆（5．06±2．86）和短时记忆（32．76±13．31）评分均显著低于对照组[（7．68±4．41）和（46．95±14．81）],且差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;左侧海马区N-乙酰天冬氨酸、肌醇、胆碱复合物与肌酸比值测定,两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论脑白质疏松症引起的认知损害主要表现为视觉执行能力、注意力、语言及记忆（瞬时记忆和短时记忆）显著降低,未发现这一改变与左侧海马代谢变化有关。