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1.
目的探讨多奈哌齐联合胞磷胆碱钠治疗轻中度阿尔茨海默病的临床效果。方法将60例轻中度阿尔茨海默病例均分为治疗组和对照组,分别给予多奈哌齐联合胞磷胆碱钠、多奈哌齐连续治疗4个月,治疗过程中均辅以控制血压等常规治疗。治疗前、治疗后均分别采用简易智力状态量表(MMSE)、日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)、经颅多普勒(TCD)、副反应量表(TESS)记录患者各项指标,根据结果评估2组的治疗效果。结果治疗前2组各项指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05);2组在记忆力、注意力和计算力、回忆力评分与治疗前比较增加,差异具统计学意义(P0.05)。结论多奈哌齐联合养胞磷胆碱钠可用于治疗轻中度阿尔茨海默病,能够改善患者的日常生活活动能力,增加颅脑血流量,具有较高的安全性。  相似文献   

2.
目的观察瑞舒伐他汀联合盐酸多奈哌齐治疗阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者认知功能障碍的疗效。方法选取阿尔茨海默病患者62例,随机分成治疗组(瑞舒伐他汀钙片5mg及多奈哌齐5mg,每晚口服1次)和对照组(盐酸多奈哌齐5mg,每晚口服1次),连续治疗3个月和6个月,分别对2组患者进行简易精神状态检查表(MMSE)评分。结果 2组治疗3个月MMSE评分与治疗前比较无显著差异(P0.05),治疗6个月MMSE评分同时间点比较差异显著(P0.05)。结论瑞舒伐他汀联合盐酸多奈哌齐治疗阿尔茨海默病患者的认知功能障碍疗效优于单独用盐酸多奈哌齐,说明瑞舒伐他汀可能对阿尔茨海默病的防治有重要的作用。  相似文献   

3.
加兰他敏治疗轻中度阿尔茨海默病的随机双盲对照研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
目的评价加兰他敏治疗轻中度阿尔茨海默病(AD)的疗效及安全性。方法多中心随机双盲临床试验。233例很可能为AD的轻中度患者随机接受加兰他敏或多奈哌齐治疗,为期16周。参与疗效分析者中加兰他敏组110例,多奈哌齐组108例。在患者入组时和16周末进行阿尔茨海默病评估量表认知部分(ADAS cog)、阿尔茨海默病协作学习日常生活能力问卷(ADCS ADL)和神经精神科问卷(NPI)的评定。每4周评估生命体征,基线和研究终点进行体格检查及实验室检查。结果治疗16周后两组ADAS cog评分均较基线时明显改善,其中加兰他敏组为-5.4±6.4,多奈哌齐组为-4.0±7.3(P=0.098),加兰他敏组(76%)比多奈哌齐组(58%)有更多的受试者在治疗16周后得分小于20分(P=0.015)。加兰他敏组(基线2.8±2.9,16周1.8±2.5)在治疗16周后对受试者语言能力的改善显著优于多奈哌齐组(基线2.8±3.0,16周2.3±2.9;P=0.035)。两组治疗前后ADCS ADL和NPI得分的差异无统计学意义(P=0.447和P=0.936),但多奈哌齐(基线发生频率为14%,16周10%)对睡眠/夜间行为的改善显著优于加兰他敏(基线23%,16周22%;P=0.012)。加兰他敏组发生不良反应者占受试者的44%,多奈哌齐占47%(P=0.793),多数为轻中度、一过性,停药后或对症处理后可很快缓解。结论加兰他敏安全有效,对改善轻中度AD患者的认知功能、日常生活能力和神经精神症状有显著疗效。  相似文献   

4.
目的:探讨多奈哌齐合并复方海蛇胶囊对阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者认知功能和行为能力的改善作用。方法:90例AD患者随机分为3组:联合治疗组(给予多奈哌齐合并复方海蛇胶囊治疗)30例、多奈哌齐治疗组(单用多奈哌齐治疗)30例、对照组(仅予常规治疗,不予痴呆药物)30例。观察3个月。分别在治疗前和治疗3个月后采用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)及日常生活能力量表(ADL)测评3组患者的认知功能和生活能力。结果:治疗3个月,联合治疗组MMSE减分值明显高于多奈哌齐治疗组(t=5.09,P0.01)和对照组(t=7.71,P0.01);多奈哌齐治疗组减分值明显高于对照组(t=3.10,P0.01)。联合治疗组ADL评分减分值明显高于多奈哌齐治疗组(t=-2.33,P=0.02)和对照组(t=-6.88,P0.01);多奈哌齐治疗组减分值明显高于对照组(t=-5.50,P0.01)。结论:多奈哌齐和复方海蛇胶囊联合治疗对AD患者的认知功能及行为能力有显著的改善作用。  相似文献   

5.
目的 探讨多奈哌齐对阿尔茨海默病治疗的有效性及安全性。方法 采用分组对照,治疗组给予多奈哌齐及脑复康治疗16周,对照组只给予脑复康治疗。治疗前后采用AD评定量表的认知次级量表(ADAS-cog)和简易智能精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评价患者认知功能、精神行为及痴呆严重程度结果多奈哌齐治疗组患者较对照组患者ADAS-cog及MMSE评分改善明显,而对照组患者评分无明显改变。治疗患者无明显药物副作用。结论 多奈哌齐可以安全地用于治疗阿尔茨海默病。  相似文献   

6.
目的探讨叶酸、维生素B12、多奈哌齐联合治疗阿尔茨海默病患者的效果。方法采用随机数字表法将我院111例阿尔茨海默病患者分组,对照组55例给予多奈哌齐治疗,观察组56例联合叶酸、维生素B12治疗,对比两组患者治疗后血清神经递质水平、血清细胞因子水平、认知功能、精神行为症状及临床疗效。结果观察组治疗后Glu、BDNF、GABA、VEGF、5-HT、Ach水平、MMSE评分及总有效率均高于对照组,IL-6、INF-γ水平及NPI评分低于对照组(P0.05)。结论叶酸、维生素B12联合多奈哌齐能够有效改善阿尔茨海默病患者精神行为症状及认知功能,其机制可能与调节血清神经递质及细胞因子水平有关。  相似文献   

7.
目的观察多奈哌齐联合喹硫平对阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能和精神症状的改善作用。方法选取本院2011年7月~2018年7月收治的100例阿尔茨海默病患者,按随机数表法分为实验组与对照组。两组均50例。实验组采用多奈哌齐联合喹硫平进行治疗,对照组采用多奈哌齐联合奥氮平进行治疗,2组均治疗12周。分别于治疗前、治疗12周后采用简易智力状态检查(MMSE)量表评估2组认知功能,采用痴呆病理行为评定量表(BEHAVE-AD)评估精神症状。比较2组治疗期间不良反应总发生率。结果 2组治疗12周后的MMSE评分均较治疗前升高、BEHAVE-AD评分较治疗前降低(P0.05)。2组治疗12周BEHAVE-AD评分、MMSE评分的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组不良反应总发生率20.00%,低于对照组38.00%(P0.05)。结论多奈哌齐联合喹硫平与联合奥氮平均可改善阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能与精神症状,其中多奈哌齐联合喹硫平对患者睡眠、呼吸功能的影响更轻,安全性更高。  相似文献   

8.
目的:观察多奈哌齐联合尼莫地平治疗中、重度阿尔茨海默病(AD)的疗效及安全性。方法:32例中、重度AD患者随机分为多奈哌齐组及多奈哌齐+尼莫地平(联用尼莫地平)组。采用简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、临床痴呆评定量表(CDR)歧全面衰退量表(GDS)评定疗效。结果:多奈哌齐组MMSE和CDR评分较治疗前明显改善;联用尼莫地平组3种量表评分较治疗前均显著改善。两组均无严重不良反应。结论:多奈哌齐联用尼莫地平较单用多奈哌齐可能更显著改善中、重度AD的认知功能,两种药物安全性俱佳。  相似文献   

9.
目的对比研究不同剂量多奈哌齐联用奥氮平治疗阿尔茨海默病的认知与精神症状疗效。方法选取80例阿尔茨海默病的患者,将其随机分为A组40例和B组40例。A组给予多奈哌齐10mg联用奥氮平2.5mg治疗,B组给予多奈哌齐5mg联用奥氮平2.5mg口服治疗,疗程均为6个月。治疗前后分别评估2组NPI、MMSE评分。结果在治疗前NPI总分、苦恼程度总分、MMSEA组与B组比较无统计学意义(P0.05),而在治疗后A组较B组上述各评分均有改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组治疗后NPI各因子分比较:A组在妄想、幻觉、激惹、过度兴奋、行为失控这些方面改善较明显,与B组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论多奈哌齐10mg联用奥氮平在改善阿尔茨海默病患者的认知功能与精神症状方面,疗效较多奈哌齐5mg联用同剂量奥氮平的明显。  相似文献   

10.
目的:探讨多奈哌齐联合鼠神经生长因子联合治疗阿尔茨海默病的临床疗效。方法48例患者随机分为2组,分别接受多奈哌齐或多奈哌齐联合鼠神经生长因子治疗,总疗程12周,根据MMSE、ADL、ADAS‐cog量表评价2组治疗前后认知功能及生活能力变化。结果2组在日常生活能力及缓解认知功能的减退方面,显示有效;且联合治疗组较单纯使用多奈哌齐组在MMSE和ADL评分上改善更为显著。结论多奈哌齐联合鼠神经生长因子治疗能有效改善AD患者的认知、行为能力,并且具有良好安全性。  相似文献   

11.
Neuronal migration disorders are the result of disturbed brain development. In such disorders, neurons are abnormally located. In diagnosing these conditions, magnetic resonance imaging is superior to any other imaging technique. This enables us to improve our knowledge of the clinical correlates of neuronal migration. With reference to migrational disorder, a retrospective study of all 303 patients with epileptic seizures referred for magnetic resonance imaging during a 3-year period was performed, 13 patients (aged 12-41, mean age 27) were identified. They represent 4.3% of the entire study group. Of the patients with known epilepsy, 6.7% and of the mentally retarded, 13.7% had migrational disorders. Four patients had schizencephaly as the dominant finding, one was classified as hemimegalencephaly, 2 had isolated heterotopias, and 6 had localized pachy- and/or poly-microgyria. The clinical pictures are complex. Ectopias of grey matter are recognised foci of epilepsy, but from an epileptological and a clinical viewpoint little attention has been given to these disorders. The present study shows that malmigration is not rare in epilepsy patients, especially not in the mentally retarded.  相似文献   

12.
B. J. Wilder 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S2):S1-S7
Summary: The long-standing practice of polypharmacy in treating epilepsy is giving way to use of monotherapy. Monotherapy can improve seizure control as well as reduce the risk of serious idiosyncratic reactions, dose-related side effects, and complex drug interactions. Monotherapy also offers improved compliance and cost-effectiveness. The basis of monotherapy is accurate diagnosis and assessment of the patient's seizure type(s), followed by selection of a single appropriate anticonvulsant drug. Many patients currently treated with multiple anticonvulsants can be successfully converted to monotherapy with a carefully monitored program in which troublesome and redundant drugs are gradually withdrawn from the therapeutic regimen.  相似文献   

13.
Diagnostic Difficulties and Treatment Implications   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Robert J. Gumnit 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S3):S9-S13
Summary: Differentiation between types of epileptic seizures has been aided in recent years by the introduction of intensive neurodiagnostic techniques and the development of increasingly detailed classification systems. Paradoxically, these developments have not simplified the task of matching the appropriate antiepileptic drug to a particular seizure type. It is reasonable to assume that anticonvulsant drugs will have different effects on different types of seizures, but faulty, circular reasoning can enter the picture if one also assumes that responses of seizures to different drugs signify different seizure types. There are several examples of differential diagnoses that can fall prey to this problem, including the diagnosis between partial seizures with secondary generalization and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the diagnosis between complex partial seizures and absence seizures with automatisms, among others. Considerations of etiology in future classification systems can further complicate the problem: should one then choose an anticonvulsant drug on the basis of individual seizure type or on the basis of the type of epilepsy? Ramifications of this issue extend even to the drug approval process. Official sanction is not given for use of a drug for a seizure type not included in the original efficacy studies, even if later scientific evidence shows that seizure type to be related to a type that is included. New trials must be undertaken. These problems arise from how we choose to classify seizures.  相似文献   

14.
Cognitive Dysfunction Associated with Antiepileptic Drug Therapy   总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2  
Eileen P.G. Vining 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S2):S18-S22
Summary: Epilepsy is frequently associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, the reasons for this correlation are unclear. Possible influential factors include patient age; duration, frequency, etiology, and type of seizures; hereditary factors; psychosocial issues; and antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Whereas many of these factors are beyond the physician's control, AED therapy is one element that can be addressed in treatment decisions by recognizing the potential cognitive effects of particular AEDs. For example, phenobarbital impairs memory and concentration; phenytoin affects attention, problem solving ability, and performance of visuomotor tasks. In contrast, carbamazepine may affect concentration, while valproate would appear to have minimal effects on cognition. Moreover, cognitive effects of AEDs are amplified with coadministration of multiple anticonvulsants (polytherapy). A review of studies on the cognitive effects of monotherapy with AEDs, as opposed to those of polytherapy, provides evidence that drug-related cognitive dysfunction can be reversed if patients are switched to a simpler therapeutic regimen. Future research should be directed toward developing reliable measures for assessing and monitoring cognition, and understanding the particular cognitive side effects of each AED. Physicians also need to revise their opinions about which side effects are "tolerable" for epileptic patients.  相似文献   

15.
Dextromethorphan: Cellular Effects Reducing Neuronal Hyperactivity   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
G. Trube  R. Netzer 《Epilepsia》1994,35(S5):S62-S67
Summary: Dextromethorphan is a dextrorotary morphinan without affinity for opioid receptors, commonly used as an antitussive medication. During the past 5 years, interest in the compound and its demethylated derivative, dextrorphan, has been revived because additional neuroprotective and an-tiepileptic properties were found in in vitro studies, animal experiments, and a few clinical cases. Both morphinans are able to inhibit N -methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels and voltage-operated calcium and sodium channels with different potencies. The inhibition of the NMDA receptor is believed to be the predominant mechanism of action responsible for the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties of the compounds.  相似文献   

16.
Summary: Carbamazepine and phenytoin are drugs of choice in initial monotherapy for adult partial and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. These designations reflect the results of the Veterans Administration Epilepsy Cooperative Study Group of 1985. An earlier comparative study of carbamazepine and phenytoin by Ramsay and associates found both drugs equally effective in controlling new-onset seizures. Among the advantages of carbamazepine is that it causes relatively few cognitive and dysmorphic side effects. Its disadvantages are its unavailability in parenteral formulation and its metabolic autoinduction. The latter must be compensated for by planned dosage increases to maintain therapeutic plasma steady-state levels during the first 2 or 3 months of treatment. Carbamazepine is judged a drug of choice in the treatment of these secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the drug of choice in children, adolescents, and women susceptible to the dysmorphic side effects associated with other anticonvulsant agents.  相似文献   

17.
Summary: Four broad categories of basic phenomena are pertinent to developing ways to prevent epilepsy. These include mechanisms of epileptogenesis, ictal initiation and temporary entrainment by the seizure discharge of normally functioning brain, seizure propagation, and control mechanisms that function both to restrain the cascade of epileptic events culminating in a seizure and to arrest the epileptic event and restore the interictal state. In newborns and children, hypoxia-ischemia is a major factor leading to epileptogenesis, and several schemes are proposed to classify, quantify, and prevent hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Control mechanisms must be better understood in order to develop prophylactic recommendations for epilepsy, and an experimental model of "kindling antagonism" may increase our understanding of these. Programs of prevention of seizures in children will evolve only if basic researchers and clinicians work productively together to develop an adequate understanding of factors important in epileptogenesis and antiepileptogenic control mechanisms.  相似文献   

18.
Hepatic Considerations in the Use of Antiepileptic Drugs   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1  
Summary: Virtually all of the major antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can cause hepatotoxicity, although fatal hepatic reactions are rare. The mechanisms, incidences, and risk profiles for such reactions differ from drug to drug. With carbamazepine and phenytoin, hepatotoxicity may be due to drug hypersensitivity. Although the profiles of patients at risk have not been well-defined for these two antiepileptic drugs, it would appear from reports in the literature that older adolescents and adults are at higher risk than children of developing serious or fatal hepatotoxicity. Once hepatotoxicity develops, mortality rates are 10–38% with phenytoin and 25% for carbamazepine. The risk profile for valproate fatal hepatotoxicity has been more clearly defined. Those at primary risk of fatal hepatic dysfunction are children under the age of 2 years who are receiving multiple anticonvulsants and also have significant medical problems in addition to severe epilepsy. The risk is considerably lower for patients over the age of 2 years on valproate monotherapy. In contrast to the risk profile with other AEDs, adults receiving valproate as monotherapy have the lowest risk of hepatotoxicity. Fatal hepatic dysfunction coincident with valproate may be the result of aberrant drug metabolism. Concomitant use of AEDs that induce microsomal P450 enzymes (e.g., phenytoin and phenobarbital) may enhance the production of a toxic metabolite, and hence the greater risk of hepatotoxicity with polypharmacy.  相似文献   

19.
Summary: Vascular malformations (VMs) are associated with epilepsy. The natural history of the various VMs, clinical presentation, and tendency to provoke epilepsy determine treatment strategies. Investigations have probed the mechanisms of epileptogenesis associated with these lesions. Electrophysiologic changes are associated with epileptogenic cortex adjacent to VMs. Putative pathophysiologic mechanisms of epileptogenesis include neuronal cell loss, glial proliferation and abnormal glial physiology, altered neurotransmitter levels, free radical formation, and aberrant second messenger physiology.  相似文献   

20.
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) encompasses all methods of non-invasive current application to the brain used in research and clinical practice. We present the first comprehensive and technical review, explaining the evolution of tES in both terminology and dosage over the past 100 years of research to present day. Current transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation (tPCS) approaches such as Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) descended from Electrosleep (ES) through Cranial Electro-stimulation Therapy (CET), Transcerebral Electrotherapy (TCET), and NeuroElectric Therapy (NET) while others like Transcutaneous Cranial Electrical Stimulation (TCES) descended from Electroanesthesia (EA) through Limoge, and Interferential Stimulation. Prior to a contemporary resurgence in interest, variations of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation were explored intermittently, including Polarizing current, Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS), and Transcranial Micropolarization. The development of these approaches alongside Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and pharmacological developments are considered. Both the roots and unique features of contemporary approaches such as transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) and transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS) are discussed. Trends and incremental developments in electrode montage and waveform spanning decades are presented leading to the present day. Commercial devices, seminal conferences, and regulatory decisions are noted. We conclude with six rules on how increasing medical and technological sophistication may now be leveraged for broader success and adoption of tES.  相似文献   

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