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1.
目的探讨脑梗死早期血清铁蛋白水平变化的临床意义。方法根据斯堪的纳维亚卒中量表(SSS)评分将642例急性脑死患者分为进展性脑梗死(PS)组(94例)和非PS(NPS)组(548例),检测两组患者发病24 h内血清铁蛋白水平,并与对照组比较。结果 PS组血清铁蛋白水平[(325.67±98.34)μg/L]显著高于NPS组[(236.19±84.12)μg/L](P<0.01);此两组亦显著高于对照组[(150.99±65.42)μg/L](均P<0.01)。结论脑梗死早期血清铁蛋白水平显著升高的患者可能为PS。  相似文献   

2.
目的探究急性脑梗死患者血清骨桥蛋白水平的变化及其对预后的影响。方法详细收集112例急性脑梗死患者及53例健康对照组的临床资料并通过ELISA法测定患者1 d、7 d、12 d血清骨桥蛋白水平,计算脑梗死患者梗死面积,并进行NIHSS评分、TOAST及OCSP分型,采用Pearson相关分析法分析7 d血清骨桥蛋白水平与各危险因素的相关性,根据mRS评分将脑梗死患者分为预后良好组(2分)及预后不良组(2分),比较两亚组血清骨桥蛋白水平,进行Logistic回归分析,探讨其在急性脑梗死预后中的作用。结果急性脑梗死患者7 d血清骨桥蛋白水平较对照组显著升高[(8.05±5.47)ng/ml vs(5.05±2.37)ng/ml,P0.01]。其水平与入院时梗死面积(r=0.254,P=0.007),NIHSS评分(r=0.233,P=0.013)均呈正相关。在Logistic回归分析中,我们发现骨桥蛋白水平6.565 ng/ml是不良预后的独立危险因素(OR=3.207,95%CI 1.212~8.485,P=0.019)。结论骨桥蛋白参与缺血性脑卒中的病理生理过程,可以作为评价急性脑梗死预后的一个重要的生物学指标。  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨脑梗死患者血浆胶质纤维酸性蛋白水平变化对非溶栓性出血性转化的预测作用。方法选择78例人院时间<72h且头部MRI检查无出血的急性脑梗死患者,发病7~10d后复查MRI,梯度回波序列显示低信号为出血性转化;酶联免疫吸附法定量检测血浆胶质纤维酸性蛋白水平;并探讨影响出血性转化的可能危险因素。结果 78例患者中11例梯度回波序列呈现低信号。脑梗死组患者血浆胶质纤维酸性蛋白水平[(2798.46±1072.66)ng/L]与正常对照组[(2173.37±867.77)ng/L]之间,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);其中出血性转化组血浆胶质纤维酸性蛋白水平[(3660.03±629.64)ng/L]明显高于非转化组[(2657.01±1066.89)ng/L]和正常对照组[(2173.37±867.77)ng/L;(P=0.000,P=0.005)]。多因素Logistic逐步回归分析显示,血浆胶质纤维酸性蛋白水平及房颤为出血性转化的危险因素(P=0.005,P=0.017)。结论急性脑梗死患者发病72h内血浆胶质纤维酸性蛋白水平高于2856.90 ng/L,对非溶栓性出血性转化的发生具有预测意义,可作为预测非溶栓性出血性转化的标志物之一。  相似文献   

4.
目的探究脑出血患者血清骨桥蛋白水平的变化及其对预后的影响。方法收集61例脑出血患者(脑出血组)及54名健康对照者(对照组)的临床资料,采用ELISA法测定血清骨桥蛋白水平。脑出血组患者于入院后24 h内进行脑出血评分,根据CT计算脑出血体积,于发病3个月后行mRS评分。对结果进行分析比较。结果脑出血组患者血清骨桥蛋白水平[(7.69±5.10)ng/ml]明显高于对照组[(5.58±3.12)ng/ml](P=0.008)。脑出血组中预后良好亚组(mRS评分4分)36例(59.02%),预后不良亚组(mRS评分≥4分)25例(40.98%)。预后不良亚组WBC、脑出血体积、脑出血破入脑室比例、脑出血评分及血清骨桥蛋白浓度均明显高于预后良好亚组(均P0.05)。ROC曲线分析示,血清骨桥蛋白水平的截断点为7.57 ng/ml时,曲线下面积为0.634,灵敏度为0.720,特异度为0.611。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血清骨桥蛋白水平7.57 ng/ml(OR=4.045,95%CI:1.143~14.320,P=0.030)、脑出血破入脑室(OR=5.236,95%CI:1.009~27.172,P=0.049)是脑出血预后不良的独立危险因素。结论急性脑出血患者血清骨桥蛋白水平升高,是其预后不良的独立危险因素,可以作为评价脑出血预后的一个重要的生物学指标。  相似文献   

5.
目的探讨急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)局部极低脑血容量(VLCBV)与DWI及阈值表观扩散系数(ADC)在预测出血转化(hemorrhagic transformation,HT)中的价值。方法从无脑卒中侧大脑半球计算正常百分位数CBV值,并确定CBV阈值的0、2.5、5和10百分位数。另外,在急性缺血性脑卒中DWI缺血病灶中计算VLCBV的病灶组织体积;对两种方法预测HT效果进行比较。结果 100例患者中排除10例不符合标准,有42例发生HT。在42例HT患者中有12例(4例有症状)发生脑实质出血(Parenchymal hematoma,PH),30例发生无症状性出血性梗死(hemorrhagic infarction,HI)。VLCBV的中位体积在PH的病例中显著增高。受试者工作曲线(ROC)显示,用VLCBV预测HT优于DWI和ADC;Logical回归分析显示,VLCBV是HT发生的独立危险因素。根据VLCBV对5例急性缺血性脑卒中患者进行溶栓,显示其HT发生率较以往显著降低(P0.05)。结论 VLCBV与DWI或ADC相比对溶栓后是否发生HT具有更好的预测价值,尤其是在DWI体积较小的缺血性脑卒中患者中优势最为明显,依据VLCBV值进行溶栓可有效降低HT的发生率。  相似文献   

6.
目的 探讨血脂水平对急性缺血性脑卒中出血转化(hemorrhagic transformation,HT)影响及其规律.方法 连续收录广西医科大学第一附院神经内科2009年1月至2010年12月期间确诊急性缺血性脑卒中病例.收录内容包括性别、起病年龄、既往病史、神经功能缺失严重程度、血压、血糖、血脂水平、缺血性脑卒中病因、梗死面积及部位.以上因素与HT关系采用非条件Logistic回归分析.结果 共纳入665例急性缺血性脑卒中病例,HT68例.大面积梗死、皮层梗死、空腹血糖、空腹血清总胆同醇水平、既往高血压史与HT有关:空腹血清总胆固醇水平每降低l mmol/L,HT发生率增高35.6%(OR:0.644;95%CI:0.456~0.908;P=0.012).结论 空腹血清总胆固醇水平与HT有关;随着空腹血清总胆同醇水平降低,HT发生率呈增高趋势.  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨急性脑卒中患者血清红细胞生成素(EPO)水平改变及其临床意义。方法应用放射免疫法检测60例脑梗死(脑梗死组)、45例脑出血(脑出血组)和40例其他神经系统疾病患者(对照组)的血清EPO水平。用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)对急性脑卒中患者进行评分。结果脑梗死组和脑出血组血清EPO水平[(1.64±0.41)ng/ml,(1.59±0.54)ng/ml]显著高于对照组[(1.17±0.86)ng/ml](均P<0.05),脑梗死组及脑出血组的NIHSS评分[(10.42±3.75)分,(11.58±4.16)分]与血清EPO水平呈负相关(r=-0.482,r=-0.537,均P<0.05)。结论急性脑卒中患者的血清EPO水平明显升高,并且病情越重的患者血清EPO水平越低。  相似文献   

8.
目的探讨家族遗传因素和血清铁蛋白水平与早发不宁腿综合征和晚发不宁腿综合征的关系。方法对35例原发性不宁腿综合征病例按照国际惯例分为早发不宁腿综合征组(21例)和晚发不宁腿综合征组(14例),分别统计家族史有无及血清铁蛋白水平,并进行统计学分析。结果早发不宁腿综合征组家族史阳性率(57.1%)高于晚发不宁腿综合征组(14.3%),而晚发不宁腿综合征组血清铁蛋白水平(67.66±28.14ng/ml)较早发不宁腿综合征组(104.52±54.02ng/ml)低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论遗传因素对早发不宁腿综合征的影响大于晚发不宁腿综合征,而血清铁蛋白的降低对晚发不宁腿综合征的影响大于早发不宁腿综合征。  相似文献   

9.
目的 探讨血浆和肽素水平对急性脑梗死患者预后的评估价值.方法 对60例急性脑梗死患者(急性脑梗死组)和60例健康体检者(正常对照组)进行血浆和肽素水平检测;并对急性脑梗死患者进行血压、血糖、血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平检测,应用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)进行评分,应用MRI测量脑梗死体积,3个月后采用改良的Rankin量表(mRS)评分评价预后;分析血浆和肽素水平对急性脑梗死患者预后的影响.结果 急性脑梗死组血浆和肽素水平[( 3.73±0.49) ng/ml]明显高于正常对照组[ (2.85±0.24) ng/ml](P<0.01);脑梗死预后不良亚组(42例)[(3.84±0.44) ng/ml]明显高于预后良好亚组(18例)[ (3.47±0.53) ng/ml] (P<0.05);两亚组间年龄、血糖、血清hs-CPR水平、NIHSS评分、脑梗死体积的差异有统计学意义(P <0.05 ~0.01);单因素Logistic回归分析显示,血浆和肽素水平、年龄、NIHSS评分是影响急性脑梗死患者预后的因素(P <0.05 ~0.01).ROC分析显示,影响急性脑梗死患者预后的因素中,血浆和肽素水平与年龄、hs-CRP水平、脑梗死体积、NIHSS评分间差异无统计学意义.结论血浆和肽素水平升高是预测急性脑梗死患者预后不良的因素之一.  相似文献   

10.
探讨急性缺血性卒中患者血清超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)表达变化与改良TOAST分型和OCSP分型之间的关系。实验室检测显示,缺血性卒中组患者血清hs-CRP表达水平高于正常对照组[(13.68±6.92)mg/L对(3.98±0.76)mg/L;t=6.922,P=0.002]。TOAST分型中以心源性栓塞型患者血清hs-CRP水平[(16.82±6.16)mg/L]最高,然后依次为动脉粥样硬化血栓形成型[(15.71±5.68)mg/L]、不明病因型[(10.06±3.89)mg/L]和小动脉型[(9.86±3.75)mg/L,P=0.027];OCSP分型由高至低分别为完全前循环梗死型[(17.02±6.98)mg/L]、后循环梗死型[(15.91±7.12)mg/L]、部分前循环梗死型[(12.83±4.95)mg/L]和腔隙性梗死型[(10.61±5.73)mg/L,P=0.005]。提示急性缺血性卒中患者血清hs-CRP表达水平在改良TOAST分型和OCSP分型各亚型中存在差异,可以此指导临床治疗和判断预后。  相似文献   

11.
Diagnostic Difficulties and Treatment Implications   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Robert J. Gumnit 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S3):S9-S13
Summary: Differentiation between types of epileptic seizures has been aided in recent years by the introduction of intensive neurodiagnostic techniques and the development of increasingly detailed classification systems. Paradoxically, these developments have not simplified the task of matching the appropriate antiepileptic drug to a particular seizure type. It is reasonable to assume that anticonvulsant drugs will have different effects on different types of seizures, but faulty, circular reasoning can enter the picture if one also assumes that responses of seizures to different drugs signify different seizure types. There are several examples of differential diagnoses that can fall prey to this problem, including the diagnosis between partial seizures with secondary generalization and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the diagnosis between complex partial seizures and absence seizures with automatisms, among others. Considerations of etiology in future classification systems can further complicate the problem: should one then choose an anticonvulsant drug on the basis of individual seizure type or on the basis of the type of epilepsy? Ramifications of this issue extend even to the drug approval process. Official sanction is not given for use of a drug for a seizure type not included in the original efficacy studies, even if later scientific evidence shows that seizure type to be related to a type that is included. New trials must be undertaken. These problems arise from how we choose to classify seizures.  相似文献   

12.
Neuronal migration disorders are the result of disturbed brain development. In such disorders, neurons are abnormally located. In diagnosing these conditions, magnetic resonance imaging is superior to any other imaging technique. This enables us to improve our knowledge of the clinical correlates of neuronal migration. With reference to migrational disorder, a retrospective study of all 303 patients with epileptic seizures referred for magnetic resonance imaging during a 3-year period was performed, 13 patients (aged 12-41, mean age 27) were identified. They represent 4.3% of the entire study group. Of the patients with known epilepsy, 6.7% and of the mentally retarded, 13.7% had migrational disorders. Four patients had schizencephaly as the dominant finding, one was classified as hemimegalencephaly, 2 had isolated heterotopias, and 6 had localized pachy- and/or poly-microgyria. The clinical pictures are complex. Ectopias of grey matter are recognised foci of epilepsy, but from an epileptological and a clinical viewpoint little attention has been given to these disorders. The present study shows that malmigration is not rare in epilepsy patients, especially not in the mentally retarded.  相似文献   

13.
Cognitive Dysfunction Associated with Antiepileptic Drug Therapy   总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2  
Eileen P.G. Vining 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S2):S18-S22
Summary: Epilepsy is frequently associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, the reasons for this correlation are unclear. Possible influential factors include patient age; duration, frequency, etiology, and type of seizures; hereditary factors; psychosocial issues; and antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Whereas many of these factors are beyond the physician's control, AED therapy is one element that can be addressed in treatment decisions by recognizing the potential cognitive effects of particular AEDs. For example, phenobarbital impairs memory and concentration; phenytoin affects attention, problem solving ability, and performance of visuomotor tasks. In contrast, carbamazepine may affect concentration, while valproate would appear to have minimal effects on cognition. Moreover, cognitive effects of AEDs are amplified with coadministration of multiple anticonvulsants (polytherapy). A review of studies on the cognitive effects of monotherapy with AEDs, as opposed to those of polytherapy, provides evidence that drug-related cognitive dysfunction can be reversed if patients are switched to a simpler therapeutic regimen. Future research should be directed toward developing reliable measures for assessing and monitoring cognition, and understanding the particular cognitive side effects of each AED. Physicians also need to revise their opinions about which side effects are "tolerable" for epileptic patients.  相似文献   

14.
B. J. Wilder 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S2):S1-S7
Summary: The long-standing practice of polypharmacy in treating epilepsy is giving way to use of monotherapy. Monotherapy can improve seizure control as well as reduce the risk of serious idiosyncratic reactions, dose-related side effects, and complex drug interactions. Monotherapy also offers improved compliance and cost-effectiveness. The basis of monotherapy is accurate diagnosis and assessment of the patient's seizure type(s), followed by selection of a single appropriate anticonvulsant drug. Many patients currently treated with multiple anticonvulsants can be successfully converted to monotherapy with a carefully monitored program in which troublesome and redundant drugs are gradually withdrawn from the therapeutic regimen.  相似文献   

15.
Summary: Carbamazepine and phenytoin are drugs of choice in initial monotherapy for adult partial and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. These designations reflect the results of the Veterans Administration Epilepsy Cooperative Study Group of 1985. An earlier comparative study of carbamazepine and phenytoin by Ramsay and associates found both drugs equally effective in controlling new-onset seizures. Among the advantages of carbamazepine is that it causes relatively few cognitive and dysmorphic side effects. Its disadvantages are its unavailability in parenteral formulation and its metabolic autoinduction. The latter must be compensated for by planned dosage increases to maintain therapeutic plasma steady-state levels during the first 2 or 3 months of treatment. Carbamazepine is judged a drug of choice in the treatment of these secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the drug of choice in children, adolescents, and women susceptible to the dysmorphic side effects associated with other anticonvulsant agents.  相似文献   

16.
Summary: Four broad categories of basic phenomena are pertinent to developing ways to prevent epilepsy. These include mechanisms of epileptogenesis, ictal initiation and temporary entrainment by the seizure discharge of normally functioning brain, seizure propagation, and control mechanisms that function both to restrain the cascade of epileptic events culminating in a seizure and to arrest the epileptic event and restore the interictal state. In newborns and children, hypoxia-ischemia is a major factor leading to epileptogenesis, and several schemes are proposed to classify, quantify, and prevent hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Control mechanisms must be better understood in order to develop prophylactic recommendations for epilepsy, and an experimental model of "kindling antagonism" may increase our understanding of these. Programs of prevention of seizures in children will evolve only if basic researchers and clinicians work productively together to develop an adequate understanding of factors important in epileptogenesis and antiepileptogenic control mechanisms.  相似文献   

17.
Hepatic Considerations in the Use of Antiepileptic Drugs   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1  
Summary: Virtually all of the major antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can cause hepatotoxicity, although fatal hepatic reactions are rare. The mechanisms, incidences, and risk profiles for such reactions differ from drug to drug. With carbamazepine and phenytoin, hepatotoxicity may be due to drug hypersensitivity. Although the profiles of patients at risk have not been well-defined for these two antiepileptic drugs, it would appear from reports in the literature that older adolescents and adults are at higher risk than children of developing serious or fatal hepatotoxicity. Once hepatotoxicity develops, mortality rates are 10–38% with phenytoin and 25% for carbamazepine. The risk profile for valproate fatal hepatotoxicity has been more clearly defined. Those at primary risk of fatal hepatic dysfunction are children under the age of 2 years who are receiving multiple anticonvulsants and also have significant medical problems in addition to severe epilepsy. The risk is considerably lower for patients over the age of 2 years on valproate monotherapy. In contrast to the risk profile with other AEDs, adults receiving valproate as monotherapy have the lowest risk of hepatotoxicity. Fatal hepatic dysfunction coincident with valproate may be the result of aberrant drug metabolism. Concomitant use of AEDs that induce microsomal P450 enzymes (e.g., phenytoin and phenobarbital) may enhance the production of a toxic metabolite, and hence the greater risk of hepatotoxicity with polypharmacy.  相似文献   

18.
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) encompasses all methods of non-invasive current application to the brain used in research and clinical practice. We present the first comprehensive and technical review, explaining the evolution of tES in both terminology and dosage over the past 100 years of research to present day. Current transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation (tPCS) approaches such as Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) descended from Electrosleep (ES) through Cranial Electro-stimulation Therapy (CET), Transcerebral Electrotherapy (TCET), and NeuroElectric Therapy (NET) while others like Transcutaneous Cranial Electrical Stimulation (TCES) descended from Electroanesthesia (EA) through Limoge, and Interferential Stimulation. Prior to a contemporary resurgence in interest, variations of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation were explored intermittently, including Polarizing current, Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS), and Transcranial Micropolarization. The development of these approaches alongside Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and pharmacological developments are considered. Both the roots and unique features of contemporary approaches such as transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) and transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS) are discussed. Trends and incremental developments in electrode montage and waveform spanning decades are presented leading to the present day. Commercial devices, seminal conferences, and regulatory decisions are noted. We conclude with six rules on how increasing medical and technological sophistication may now be leveraged for broader success and adoption of tES.  相似文献   

19.
Summary: Vascular malformations (VMs) are associated with epilepsy. The natural history of the various VMs, clinical presentation, and tendency to provoke epilepsy determine treatment strategies. Investigations have probed the mechanisms of epileptogenesis associated with these lesions. Electrophysiologic changes are associated with epileptogenic cortex adjacent to VMs. Putative pathophysiologic mechanisms of epileptogenesis include neuronal cell loss, glial proliferation and abnormal glial physiology, altered neurotransmitter levels, free radical formation, and aberrant second messenger physiology.  相似文献   

20.
Dextromethorphan: Cellular Effects Reducing Neuronal Hyperactivity   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
G. Trube  R. Netzer 《Epilepsia》1994,35(S5):S62-S67
Summary: Dextromethorphan is a dextrorotary morphinan without affinity for opioid receptors, commonly used as an antitussive medication. During the past 5 years, interest in the compound and its demethylated derivative, dextrorphan, has been revived because additional neuroprotective and an-tiepileptic properties were found in in vitro studies, animal experiments, and a few clinical cases. Both morphinans are able to inhibit N -methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels and voltage-operated calcium and sodium channels with different potencies. The inhibition of the NMDA receptor is believed to be the predominant mechanism of action responsible for the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties of the compounds.  相似文献   

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