脑干听觉诱发电位监测在面肌痉挛微血管减压术中的作用

目的探讨脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)监测在面肌痉挛微血管减压手术中的作用。方法选择我科收治的86例面肌痉挛患者,其中2008年1月至2010年12月收治的36例无BAEP监测的面肌痉挛患者为对照组,2011年1月至2013年6月收治的50例术中行BAEP监测的面肌痉挛患者为监测组。对两组的手术有效率及听力下降、耳鸣等并发症进行分析。结果对照组术后即刻有效率为94.4%(34例);术后发生听力下降伴耳鸣5例(13.9%)。术后6个月随访,除2例仍有听力下降伴耳鸣外,其余患者均有不同程度改善。监测组术后即刻有效率为96%(48例),术后发生听力下降及耳鸣3例(6%)。术后6个月随访,患者均改善。两组术后面肌痉挛的缓解有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),监测组听力障碍发生率较对照组明显降低(P<0.05)。结论在面肌痉挛微血管减压术中,应用BAEP监测技术能客观评估术中听神经受损情况,减少听力损伤等并发症的发生。     

面肌痉挛显微血管减压术中脑干听觉诱发电位监测的应用

目的 研究脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)监测在显微血管减压术(MVD)治疗面肌痉挛手术中的应用.方法 回顾性分析90例面肌痉挛患者在MVD术中进行BAEP监测的临床资料.结果 MVD手术操作过程均可引起BAEP改变,包括:BAEP的Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波绝对潜伏期明显延长(P＜0.01),Ⅰ～Ⅲ、Ⅲ～Ⅴ、Ⅰ～Ⅴ波间期明显延长(P＜0.01),Ⅲ波、Ⅴ波波幅明显降低(P＜0.01);有16例术中Ⅴ波绝对潜伏期延长超过1ms,Ⅰ波波幅也有明显降低(P＜0.01),但术后无听力障碍;手术结束时Ⅲ～Ⅴ波间期及16例的Ⅰ、Ⅴ波波幅恢复较快.2例术后患侧听力丧失的患者中,1例术中Ⅴ波波幅逐渐降低至消失,另1例术中未监测到Ⅴ波波形.结论 MVD手术操作过程均可引起BAEP改变;Ⅴ波绝对潜伏期延迟超过1ms者相对多见,但无听力受损;Ⅴ波波幅下降程度可为术中神经功能受损提供客观指标,以采取相应措施减少听力并发症的发生.     

面、听神经监测在面肌痉挛显微血管减压术中的意义

目的 探讨面、听神经监测在面肌痉挛显微血管减压术(MVD)中的意义.方法 回顾性分析140例面肌痉挛病人的临床资料,均在面肌诱发肌电图及脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)监测下行MVD术.根据监测波形变化指导手术.结果 MVD术前记录到异常诱发电位波形136例,术后随访12～24个月,平均20个月;手术治愈131例(96.3％),好转3例(2.2％),复发2例(1.5％).MVD术前未记录到异常诱发电位波形4例,术中均未发现明确血管压迫,术后症状缓解不明显.术后长期并发症主要是听力下降17例,经对症治疗不同程度恢复15例,未恢复2例;短期并发症包括头痛、头晕、恶心、呕吐等,经过对症治疗均得以缓解.结论 术中面肌诱发肌电图及BAEP监测可客观指导和判断责任血管和减压效果,对提高手术治愈率及减少听力丧失具有较高的实用价值.     

钙离子拮抗剂围手术期应用对面肌痉挛术后并发症的影响

目的探讨钙离子拮抗剂对面肌痉挛者微血管减压术(MVD)后并发症的影响。方法面肌痉挛患者100例分为治疗组(50例)和对照组(50例),所有患者均行乙状窦后入路面神经MVD。治疗组围手术期应用钙离子拮抗剂,对照组不应用钙离子拮抗剂,比较两组术后并发症发生率。结果治疗组术后眩晕、耳鸣、听力障碍和面瘫等并发症共发生18例(36.0%,18/50),对照组共发生34例(68.0%,34/50),两者术后并发症的发生率相差显著(P<0.05)。结论钙离子拮抗剂在围手术期的应用能明显减少面肌痉挛者MVD后并发症,提示其可作为面肌痉挛围手术期的常规治疗。     

面肌痉挛微血管减压术中电生理监测价值研究

目的通过荟萃分析对异常肌反应(AMR)监测在面肌痉挛(HFS)微血管减压手术(MVD)中的作用进行评价。方法回顾性分析在我科接受治疗的33例典型面肌痉挛患者临床资料,计算机检索数据库中关于AMR监测与面肌痉挛MVD术后疗效关系的临床研究,采用Rev Man5.3荟萃分析软件进行分析,采用优势比(OR)对术中AMR变化程度与术后疗效的关系进行评价。结果AMR消失组,显著变化组,未消失组的手术有效率分别为96.6%,50%,50%,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);荟萃分析显示AMR消失组的术后治愈率是AMR未消失组的2.94倍[OR=2.94,95%CI为(2.03~4.27)]。结论在面肌痉挛微血管减压术中进行AMR监测可有效提高手术治愈率,应将AMR作为面肌痉挛MVD术中常规电生理监测项目。     

神经电生理监测在原发性面肌痉挛显微血管减压术中的应用

目的探讨神经电生理监测在原发性面肌痉挛微血管减压(MVD)术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析行显微血管减压手术治疗的241例原发性面肌痉挛患者的临床资料。患者术中均行神经电生理监测,包括异常肌反应(AMR)、脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)和面神经自由描记肌电图(Free-EMG)。对神经电生理监测结果与手术疗效及术后并发症进行分析。结果本组患者中218例患者术中AMR消失,其中治愈210例(96.33%)、复发2例(0.84%)、术后并发面神经功能障碍4例(1.69%)。19例患者术中AMR未消失,其中治愈13例(68.42%)、复发4例(21.05%)、并发面神经功能障碍3例(15.79%)。AMR消失组与未消失组患者的治愈率、复发率及术后面神经功能障碍发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。术中BAEP监测,有16例患者发生变化,其中术后发生听力下降者4例(25%)、发生眩晕者11例(68.75%);225例患者BAEP无变化,术后均没有发生听力下降,发生眩晕者23例(10.22%)。BAEP变化组与无变化组患者术后听力下降及眩晕发生率的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。结论MVD术中进行神经电生理监测可以预测手术效果及评估预后,并对手术操作具有指导意义。     

侧方扩散反应电位监测在面神经显微血管减压术的意义

目的探讨面肌痉挛微血管减压(MVD)术中监测侧方扩散反应(LSR)的临床意义。方法回顾性分析35例面肌痉挛病人的临床资料,均行乙状窦后入路面神经MVD,术中电生理监测LSR。结果 35例病人术中均监测到LSR,LSR术中消失33例,术后病人症状完全消失者;2例术中LSR未消失,其中症状部分缓解1例,未缓解1例。结论 MVD术中监测LSR能够帮助术者判断责任血管,减少神经、血管牵拉时间,提高面肌痉挛MVD疗效。     

电生理监测在面肌痉挛微血管减压术中的应用

面肌痉挛(hemifacial spasm,HFS)是以一侧面部不自主阵发性抽动为主要临床症状的疾病。该病起病缓慢,进行性发展,通常药物治疗无效。微血管减压术(microvascular decompression,MVD)是目前公认治疗面肌痉挛的最有效方法,并已成为面肌痉挛的首选治疗方法[1～5]。临床实践证明电生理监测在提高面肌痉挛MVD术的治疗效果,减少手术并发症方面有十分重要的作用[6,7],在临床上常用监测指标包括异常肌反应(abnormal muscle response,AMR),F波等。很多临床医疗中心已将其作为MVD术中常规监测指标。本文就电生理监测在面肌痉挛MVD术中的应用作一综述。     

电生理联合监测在锁孔入路面神经显微血管减压术中的应用

目的探讨在锁孔入路面肌痉挛(HFS)显微血管减压术(MVD)中,异常肌反应(AMR)和脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)联合监测的临床应用价值。方法选取158例HFS患者作为监测组,行术中AMR和BAEP监测;同时设对照组48例,无电生理监测;对两组术后有效率及并发症进行分析。结果监测组患者术后近期有效率为90.51%(143/158),远期达到95.57%(151/158),对照组术后近期有效率为79.17%(38/48),远期87.50%(42/48);两组患者术后近期,远期疗效比较差异有统计学意义(p0.05),监测组明显优于对照组。监测组患者术后并发症发生率8.87%(14/158)明显低于对照组25.0%(12/48),两组比较差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。结论锁孔入路MVD是目前治疗HFS确切有效的方法 ,术中使用神经电生理监测有助于鉴别责任血管、减少术后并发症,提高手术疗效。     

术中电生理监测在面肌痉挛微血管减压术中的应用

目的探讨术中脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）及面肌旁路传导反应（LSR）在面肌痉挛微血管减压术（MVD）中的应用价值和临床意义。方法收集37例面肌痉挛病人作为监测组,行术中BAEP和LSR监测,同时设对照组38例,无术中电生理监测。对两组有效率、面瘫、听力减退、眩晕等并发症进行分析。结果对照组当日有效率89.5%,术后并发面瘫4例,听力减退3例,眩晕3例;术后随访1年,除1例听力减退外,其余病人面瘫、眩晕等明显缓解,手术有效率91.1%。监测组当日有效率89.2%,术后并发面瘫1例,无听力减退、眩晕等并发症,术后随访1年,面瘫病人明显恢复,手术有效率91.9%。两组当日有效率未见差异,但并发症发生率存在统计差异（P〈0.05）。结论在MVD中,运用BAEP、LSR监测技术可以降低面瘫、听力减退、眩晕等并发症的发生。     

Intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm

We aimed to determine the reliability of (i) intraoperative monitoring by stimulated electromyography (EMG) of the facial nerve to predict the completeness of microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS), and (ii) brainstem auditory-evoked potential (BAEP) to predict postoperative hearing disturbance. We conducted a prospective study of 36 patients who received MVD for HFS. We confirmed the disappearance of an abnormal muscle response in the facial nerve EMG to predict the completeness of MVD, and performed BAEP monitoring to predict postoperative hearing disturbance. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of facial nerve EMG and BAEP monitoring were evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of facial nerve EMG were 0.97, 1.0 and 0.97, respectively, and that for BAEP monitoring were 1.0, 0.94 and 0.94 respectively. There was one false positive result for facial nerve EMG, and two false positive results for BAEP monitoring. No false negative result was encountered for either EMG or BAEP monitoring. Facial nerve EMG correctly predicted whether MVD was successful in 35 out of 36 patients, and BAEP correctly predicted whether there was postoperative hearing disturbance in 34 out of 36 patients. Intraoperative facial nerve EMG provides a real-time indicator of successful MVD during an operation while BAEP monitoring may provide an early warning of hearing disturbance after MVD.     

面肌痉挛微血管减压术中电生理监测的应用价值

目的探讨术中听觉脑干诱发电位（BAEP）及面肌旁路传导反应（LSR）在面肌痉挛微血管减压手术中的应用价值和意义。方法将2003年1月～2005年7月收治的49例面肌痉挛病人归为A组（术中无电生理监测）,2005年8月～2007年3月收治的56例归为B组（术中行BAEP及LSR电生理监测）,对比分析两组手术的有效率及听力下降、眩晕等并发症发生情况。结果A组术后即刻手术有效率为95．9％（47例）,发生面瘫6例（12．2％）,眩晕4例（8．2％）,听力下降伴耳鸣4例（8．2％）;术后12个月,除1例仍有听力下降伴耳鸣外。眩晕、听力下降、面瘫均改善,手术有效率为89．8％（44例）。B组术后即刻手术有效率为94．6％（53例）,发生面瘫1例（1．8％）。无眩晕、听力下降及耳鸣发生;术后12个月,面瘫改善,手术有效率为91．1％（51例）。两组手术有效率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而面瘫、眩晕、听力障碍发生率差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在微血管减压手术治疗面肌痉挛过程中．联合应用BAEP、LSR等神经电生理技术跟踪手术进程,能较好控制听力损伤并发症的发生,及判断面神经减压效果。     

脑干听觉诱发电位对面肌痉挛微血管减压术中听力保护的应用

目的探讨面肌痉挛微血管减压（microvascular decompression,MVD）术中应用脑干听觉诱发电位（brain—stem auditory evoked potential,BAEP）监测,对减少术后听力损伤的应用价值。方法回顾性分析43例面肌痉挛患者术中BAEP波V波形的变化以及手术前后平均纯音听力阈值（pure tone average,PTA）的改变,经统计学分析得出术中V波潜伏期延长的警示阈值。结果MVD术中,在显露面神经和责任血管减压操作时,V波潜伏期延长最为显著。38例患者术后PTA增高小于20dB,V波潜伏期平均延长（0．60±0．43）ms。其余5例术后PTA增高大于20dB,V波潜伏期平均延长（1．07±0．35）聪。两组患者V波潜伏期延长时间存在差异（P〈0．05）。术中V波潜伏期延长大于0．6ms与患者术后听力损伤相关;术中V波潜伏期延长大于1．0ms与患者术后听力损伤密切相关。因此术中V波潜伏期延长警示闾值可设定为0．6ms和1．0ms。结论BAEP监护警示阈值有助于指导面肌痉挛MVD术操作,避免术中过度牵拉听神经,减少对其周围微循环的干扰,为术中保护听神经提供警示作用。     

术前肌电图和脑干听觉诱发电位与面肌痉挛微血管减压术后迟发性面瘫发生的关系(英文)

Background Delayed facial palsy ( DFP) after microvascular decompression ( MVD) in patients with hemifacial spasm ( HFS) is not uncommon,but the cause remains unknown. Objectives To assess whether intraoperative electromyography ( EMG) and brainstem auditory evoked potential ( BAEP) can predict DFP after MVD. Methods Between September 2009 and February 2011 we examined 86 patients,9 of whom ( 10. 4% ) developed DFP after MVD on the same side. All patients underwent MVD and were followed - up for a median period of 13 months ( range 6-22) . We retrospectively examined intraoperative facial EMG and BAEP findings using our MVD patients’ registry. We excluded secondary HFS and immediate postoperative facial palsy after MVD in this study. We assessed the prevalence and clinical characteristics of DFP and compared EMG and BAEP findings between DFP and non-DFP groups. Results: All pa- tients recovered completely,with a mean time to recovery of 37. 8 days ( range 22-57) . There were no significant differences between DFP and non - DFP patients in terms of the amplitude and latency of intraoperative EMG and BAEP. Conclusion The usefulness of intraoperative facial EMG and BAEP is limited and cannot predict DFP after MVD for HFS. We speculate that DFP after MVD is not associated with permanent nerve damage according to the EMG findings.     

面肌痉挛显微血管减压术中异常肌反应监测价值研究

目的探讨异常肌反应(AMR)监测在鉴别责任血管、评估减压效果以及判断预后方面的作用。方法24例面肌痉挛患者接受了术中AMR监测的研究,麻醉诱导后不使用肌松剂。采取刺激面神经颧支,记录同侧颏肌电反应的方法,分析AMR监测结果与术后疗效的关系。结果术中所有患者均记录到特征性的AMR波形。面神经根减压后AMR消失20例,AMR未消失4例。AMR消失的20例患者术后1周17例患者面肌痉挛消失,随访结果20例患者面肌痉挛消失。术中AMR未消失的4例患者术后1周1例患者面肌痉挛消失,随访结果2例患者面肌痉挛消失。经统计学分析AMR消失组的疗效明显好于AMR未消失组。结论术中AMR监测有助于鉴别责任血管,评估即刻减压效果,有助于判断手术的预后,能够显著提高面肌痉挛患者手术的长期效果。     

Predictive value of intraoperative blink reflex monitoring for surgical outcome during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm

ObjectiveTo investigate the prognostic and predictive value of intraoperative blink reflex (BR) monitoring during microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 41 patients with HFS undergoing MVD with intraoperative BR and lateral spread response (LSR) monitoring. Facial spasm was evaluated for six months postoperatively.ResultsThe BR resolved in 38 patients and persisted in three after MVD. For patients who exhibited BR resolution, 1-day, 1-month, and 6-month follow-ups revealed that 35 (92.1%), 35 (92.1%), and 38 (100%) patients had spasm resolution, respectively. However, of the three patients with persistent BR, one (33.3%), one (33.3%), and zero (0%) patients exhibited spasm resolution at the three corresponding follow-ups. We found a statistically significant difference in spasm resolution between the persistent and resolved BR groups at six months postoperatively. A comparison between intraoperative BR and LSR monitoring revealed that BR was a better predictor of clinical outcomes.ConclusionsIntraoperative BR monitoring is a potentially useful tool to help facilitate an adequate decompression and is a reliable prognostic predictor of surgical outcome.SignificanceThis study is the first to document the relationship between intraoperative BR monitoring and surgical outcome in patients with HFS.     

The critical warning sign of real-time brainstem auditory evoked potentials during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm

Objective

The aim of this study was to define the critical warning sign of real-time brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) for predicting hearing loss (HL) after microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS).