This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with depressive symptoms in the Korean adult population.
Methods10,710 participants in the 2014 and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were analyzed in this study. Assessment of depressive symptoms was performed using the self-administered nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ–9).
ResultsThe weighted prevalence of clinically relevant depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10) in the Korean adult population was 6.1% [5.5–6.8%]. Female sex, adults aged 19–29 years, elementary school graduation, living alone were significantly associated with clinically relevant depression. Having a household income ≤ 24th percentile was associated with a 2.26 (CI 1.49–3.45, p < 0.001)-fold higher prevalence of clinically relevant depression compared to having a household income ≥ 75th percentile. Regarding occupation, treating managers and professionals as controls, we found that unemployed individuals (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.52–3.65, p < 0.001) had an increased risk of clinically relevant depression. Alcohol consumption < 30 g/day was reversely associated with clinically relevant depression (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.62–0.93, p = 0.007), when abstain from alcohol was treated as control. Current smokers (OR 3.42, 95% CI 2.54–4.60, p < 0.001) and ex-smokers (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.24–2.42, p = 0.001) had a higher risk of clinically relevant depression than never-smokers.
ConclusionsThe estimated prevalence of depressive symptoms in a representative sample of the Korean adult population was 6.1%. This study suggests that younger age, female sex, elementary school graduation, living alone, low household income, current smoking, and being unemployed are associated with depressive symptoms.
相似文献Methods: We analysed 551 ischaemic stroke patients who had been enrolled between August 2005 and July 2008. First, risk factors were compared between non-atherosclerosis, ICAS, ECAS, and combined ICAS and ECAS groups. ICAS and ECAS were assessed with transcranial Doppler and carotid colour Doppler ultrasound, respectively. Second, risk factors were compared between ACS and PCS groups. Stroke lesion was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging. Third, risk factors were compared in ICAS/ECAS associated with ACS/PCS.
Results: The risk factor for ICAS was high diastolic blood pressure (OR, 1.075; 95% CI, 1.016–1.138; p = 0.013), and the risk factors for ECAS were age (OR, 1.113; 95% CI, 1.046–1.183; p = 0.001) and low density lipoprotein (OR, 1.450; 95% CI, 1.087–1.935; p = 0.012). Hypertension (OR, 1.090; 95% CI, 1.001–1.109; p = 0.027) was associated with PCS. Age (OR, 1.026; 95% CI, 1.011–1.128; p = 0.003), male gender (OR, 2.278; 95% CI, 1.481–3.258; p = 0.003) and age (OR, 1.067; 95% CI, 1.013–1.123; p = 0.014), scores of NIHSS (OR, 1.069; 95% CI, 1.012–1.130; p = 0.018) were risk factors for ICAS and ECAS with ACS, respectively.
Conclusion: Risk factors are different between ICAS and ECAS, ACS and PCS, and ICAS/ECAS with ACS/PCS. Thus, targeted strategies are needed to consider these differences to prevent, treat and manage these diseases. 相似文献
A cancer diagnosis can have a substantial impact on one’s mental health. The present study investigated the prevalence and predictors of psychiatric comorbidities in cancer patients at the time of their discharge from the hospital.
MethodsPsychiatric comorbidities were assessed shortly before hospital discharge and half a year after hospitalization using a structured clinical interview (SCID), based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV). Frequencies at both time points were estimated using percentages and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Predictors of mental disorders were identified using binary logistic regression models.
ResultsAt time of hospital discharge, 39 out of 334 patients (12%) were diagnosed with a psychiatric comorbidity, and 15 (7%) were diagnosed half a year later. Among the diagnoses, adjustment disorders (3%) were most frequent at the time of hospital release, while major depression (3%) was the most frequent 6 months later. Having a mental disorder was associated with unemployment (odds ratio (OR) 3.4, confidence interval (CI) 1.1–10.9, p = 0.04). There was no evidence that school education (OR 2.0, CI 0.4–9.0, p = 0.38), higher education (OR 0.7, CI 0.2–2.4, p = 0.60), income (OR 1.0, CI 1.0–1.0, p = 0.06), tumor stage (OR 1.1, CI 0.4–3.2, p = 0.85), type of disease (OR 0.6, CI 0.2–2.1, p = 0.47), pain (OR 1.0, CI 1.0–1.0, p = 0.15), fatigue (OR 1.0, CI 1.0–1.0, p = 0.77), or physical functioning (OR 1.0, CI 1.0–1.0, p = 0.54) were related to the presence of a psychiatric comorbidity.
ConclusionsUnemployment was associated with at least a threefold increased risk of mental disorder, which highlights the need for special attention to be given to this subgroup of cancer patients.
相似文献To ensure the mental health of the otolaryngology healthcare workers in the fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is important to know their mental status and to identify possible risk factors. In this study, we investigated the risk factors for the anxiety in the otolaryngology healthcare workers in Hubei province under the COVID-19 epidemic.
MethodsThe otolaryngology healthcare workers in Hubei Province were surveyed using an online questionnaire in which anxiety was measured against the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the risk factors of anxiety.
ResultsA total of 449 otolaryngology healthcare workers participated in the study. Of all the participants, 131 (29.18%) had anxiety symptoms. Compared with doctors, nurses were at a higher risk for anxiety (OR = 2.162, 95% CI 1.311–3.566). Participants who often suspected self-infection (OR = 4.239, 95% CI 1.647–10.909) or family member infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (OR = 4.485, 95% CI 1.511–13.313) were more likely to develop anxiety than those who never. The subjects who had colleagues diagnosed with COVID-19 were more vulnerable to anxiety (OR = 2.014, 95% CI 1.205–3.366). Respondents working in infectious isolation wards had a 3.522-fold increased risk of anxiety compared to those on leave (OR = 3.522, 95% CI 1.634–7.593).
ConclusionSome otolaryngology healthcare workers in Hubei province experienced anxiety during the epidemic, but most of them did not receive treatment. The healthcare providers themselves should be informed about and aware of their own mental health, and should be given support as appropriate.
Trial registration number and date of registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000030768, 2020/3/14.
相似文献Ebola virus disease (EVD) is associated with high anxiety and multiple bereavement that can induce severe psychological distress (SPD) in individuals living in affected communities. Using data from the EVD and Mental Health project (EboMH), this study assessed the prevalence and determinants of SPD symptoms in a representative sample of adults in communities affected by EVD.
MethodsA representative sample of 1614 adults (50% women) aged 18–85 years completed measures assessing exposure level to EVD, stigmatization related to EVD, and psychological distress.
ResultsIn total, 45.58% of individuals from the cities and villages affected by EVD reported SPD. Results showed significant differences for residence area, employment, age, education level, and religion, but not for gender. Exposure level to EVD (β = 0.11, p < 0.001; OR = 1.12, 95% CI [1.08–1.16]), stigmatization related to EVD (β = 0.06, p < 0.001; OR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.05–1.07]), and living in rural areas (β = 0.67, p < 0.001; OR = .51, 95% CI [.36–.72]) predicted SPD symptoms.
ConclusionsEvidence-based global mental health programs in high-risk mortality epidemic contexts should take into account the high psychological distress in the affected areas.
相似文献Background
The relationship between the age at menarche (AAM) and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic stroke (IS) is still up for debate. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential causal connections between them.Methods
Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of AAM conducted by the MRC-IEU consortium was utilized for association analyses of ICH and IS by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. AAM data of the within-family GWAS consortium were used as replication phase data to verify the causal relationship between each other. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was the primary method used in this MR study. For additional proof, the weighted median estimation, MR-Egger regression, MR-PRESSO test, and MR-Robust Adjusted Profile Score evaluation were performed. The Cochran's Q test and the MR-PRESSO global test were used, respectively, to examine the sensitivity and pleiotropy. Random effects meta-analysis was utilized to analyze the causal data from the two consortiums to further explore the causality between AAM and ICH, IS.Results
We found that the AAM was causally linked with the risk of ICH (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28–0.80, p = 0.006). On the contrary, the causal effect from AAM to IS (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.91–1.06, p = 0.64) has not been confirmed. For all subtypes of ICH, we found that nonlobar intracerebral hemorrhage (NLICH, OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.23–0.75, p = 0.004) but not lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (LICH, OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.34–1.24, p = 0.19) was associated with AAM without surprise. Similarly, we used the within-family GWAS consortium data to explore causality and found that AAM may reduce the risk of ICH (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.72–0.86, p = 9.5 × 10−8) and NLICH (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.61–0.75, p = 3.4 × 10−13) by IVW methods, but is not related to IS (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.93–1.02, p = 0.26). These findings are further supported by the meta-analysis. Both Cochran's Q test and the MR-PRESSO global test failed to detect the presence of sensitivity.Conclusion
AAM and ICH, particularly NLICH, are causally related, but not LICH, IS, or its subtypes in European population. 相似文献Methods: A single-center cohort study of patients with first-ever MCA IS treated with IVT at the Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, was followed over 5 years. Logistic regression was performed to determine predictors of early and late dependence.
Results: A total of 144 patients were included; 48.6% women, and 47.2% were dependent at 3 months after stroke. NIHSS at admission (OR = 1.3, 95%CI = 1.16–1.45, p < 0.001), large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke (OR = 4.11, 95%CI = 1.31–12.85, p = 0.014) and pneumonia during hospitalization (OR = 9.17, 95%CI = 1.42–59.07, p = 0.019) were predictors for early dependence. For the late dependence analyses, 99 patients were included; 49.5% women and 39.4% were dependent after 3 months of stroke. NIHSS at admission (OR = 1.33, 95%CI = 1.15–1.54, p < 0.001), pneumonia during hospitalization (OR = 11.08, 95%CI = 1.45–84.73, p = 0.019) and seizure after discharge (OR = 5.82, 95%CI = 1.06–32.01, p = 0.040) were predictors for late dependence.
Discussion: .Dependence is an important indicator of the efficacy of stroke care. Besides it was not possible to evaluate rehabilitation, this is the first study on predictors of post-stroke dependence that focus exclusively on patients with first-ever MCA IS submitted to IVT. NIHSS, LAA stroke, in-hospital pneumonia and seizures after discharge were associated with dependence after first-ever MCA IS submitted to IVT. 相似文献
Despite the global increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), relevant research studies are lacking in Brunei Darussalam. Various studies have shown a significant association between a lowered 2D:4D ratio (ratio of second digit/index finger to the fourth digit/ring finger) and ASD, making it one of the potential phenotypic biomarkers for early detection of autism, which is important for early intervention and management.
ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to explore the association between 2D:4D ratio and ASD in Brunei Darussalam, as a potential tool to complement early ASD diagnosis.
MethodsWe conducted a case–control study comprising 28 ASD and 62 typically developing (TD) children in the case and control group, respectively (age range: 3–11 years old; median age: 6 years old). Median 2D:4D ratios were measured, compared and analysed between the two groups. Logistic regression models were used to explore potential associations between the median 2D:4D ratio and ASD in respective gender, for both left and right hands, independently.
ResultsOur study shows that the median 2D:4D ratio of left hand in ASD males is significantly lower than those in TD males, after adjusting for ethnicity and age [Odds Ratio (OR)?=?0.57 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.31–0.96); p?=?0.044]. For females, there is no association of ASD with the median left hand 2D:4D ratio [OR?=?3.09 (95% CI: 0.98–19.86); p?=?0.144] or the median right hand 2D:4D ratio [OR?=?1.23 (95% CI: 0.42–3.88); p?=?0.702]. Our study also shows a significant positive correlation and/or a reduced asymmetry between the average 2D:4D ratio of left hands and right hands in ASD males (Pearson’s correlation (r)?=?0.48; 95% CI: 0.076–0.75, p?=?0.023).
ConclusionsThere is significant association between a lowered median 2D:4D ratio of the left hand (in males only) and ASD diagnosis. Once validated in a larger sample size, a lowered median 2D:4D ratio on the left hand may be a potential tool to complement ASD diagnosis for males in our study population. There is no association between the median 2D:4D ratio (left or right hands) and ASD in females, which could be due to the small female sample size and/or the possibility of different aetiology for ASD in females. Reduced asymmetry between the average 2D:4D ratio of left and right hands observed in ASD males only (not in ASD females) also suggests the importance of considering gender-specific biomarkers for ASD diagnosis.
相似文献Methods: We defined a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 3–6 at 90?days as an unfavorable outcome. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find out whether mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), MPV/platelet count (PC) ratio and PDW/PC ratio were associated with poor prognosis. A Spearman correlation test was carried out to assess the relationship between variables.
Results: Overall, 183 patients were included in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that MPV (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–2.29, p?=?0.044) and PDW-sd (adjusted OR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.06–1.59, p?=?0.011) were independent predictors of the poor outcome. There was a trend of incremental OR when compared higher tertile of MPV with lower ones (second tertile, adjusted OR 2.52,95% CI:1.02–6.21, p?=?0.045; third tertile, adjusted OR 2.61, 95% CI: 1.12–6.09, p?=?0.027). Besides, we found a significant positive correlation between MPV and PDW-sd (or =0.874, p?<?0.001).
Conclusion: MPV and PDW-sd were independent predictors for 90-day outcomes in stroke patients receiving thrombolysis. 相似文献
The relationship between ethnicity and adolescent mental health was investigated using cross-sectional data from the nationally representative UK Millennium Cohort Study.
MethodsParental Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire reports identified mental health problems in 10,357 young people aged 14 (n = 2042 from ethnic minority backgrounds: Mixed n = 492, Indian n = 275, Pakistani n = 496, Bangladeshi n = 221, Black Caribbean n = 102, Black African n = 187, Other Ethnic Group n = 269). Univariable logistic regression models investigated associations between each factor and outcome; a bivariable model investigated whether household income explained differences by ethnicity, and a multivariable model additionally adjusted for factors of social support (self-assessed support, parental relationship), participation (socialising, organised activities, religious attendance), and adversity (bullying, victimisation, substance use). Results were stratified by sex as evidence of a sex/ethnicity interaction was found (P = 0.0002).
ResultsThere were lower unadjusted odds for mental health problems in boys from Black African (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.04–0.61) and Indian backgrounds (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.21–0.86) compared to White peers. After adjustment for income, odds were lower in boys from Black African (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.02–0.38), Indian (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.21–0.77), and Pakistani (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.27–0.89) backgrounds, and girls from Bangladeshi (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.05–0.65) and Pakistani (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.41–0.99) backgrounds. After further adjustment for social support, participation, and adversity factors, only boys from a Black African background had lower odds (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.03–0.71) of mental health problems.
ConclusionsHousehold income confounded lower prevalence of mental health problems in some young people from Pakistani and Bangladeshi backgrounds; findings suggest ethnic differences are partly but not fully accounted for by income, social support, participation, and adversity. Addressing income inequalities and socially focused interventions may protect against mental health problems irrespective of ethnicity.
相似文献