盐酸法舒地尔联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 观察盐酸法舒地尔治疗急性脑梗死的疗效. 方法 选择104例发病时间在72h内脑梗死患者.随机分为治疗组和对照组各52例,2组均用奥扎格雷钠治疗,治疗组加用盐酸法舒地尔.2组患者治疗前及治疗结束后均进行临床神经功能缺损程度评分,临床疗效评定比较.结果 治疗组神经功能缺损程度评分与对照组比较差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01),治疗组总有效率高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 盐酸法舒地尔治疗急性脑梗死安全有效.     

盐酸丁咯地尔治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 观察盐酸丁咯地尔对急性脑梗死的治疗效果。方法 60例急性脑梗死患者被随机分成两组各30例，治疗组发病48h内应用盐酸丁咯地尔150mg加入5％葡萄糖250ml静滴，1次／d，14d为一疗程。治疗组、对照组治疗前、分别进行神经功能缺损程度评分并做对比分析。结果 治疗前后神经缺损评分，经统计学处理，两组治疗前差异无显著性，治疗组前后差异非常显著（P〈0．01），治疗组治疗后，神经功能缺损评分改善显著好于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论 盐酸丁咯地尔能显著改善急性脑梗死患者神经功能且无明显不良反应，值得进一步推广。     

盐酸法舒地尔治疗急性缺血性脑梗死的临床观察

目的 探讨分析Rho激酶抑制剂盐酸法舒地尔在急性缺血性脑梗死治疗中的安全性及临床疗效.方法 随机选取2009-07～2010-06在我院住院接受治疗的急性缺血性脑梗死患者120例,随机分为研究组70例,对照组50例;对照组给予常规治疗,研究组在常规治疗的基础上加用盐酸法舒地尔;观察评价2组患者神经功能缺损程度的恢复情况.结果 研究组对神经功能缺损的治疗效果明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 盐酸法舒地尔辅助治疗急性缺血性脑梗死无明显不良反应、临床疗效确切,值得在临床广泛推广应用.     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者治疗前后血清S100B蛋白变化及其意义

目的探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者治疗前后血清S100B蛋白的变化及其临床意义。方法采用ELISA法检测86例急性缺血性脑卒中患者治疗前后及46例正常人的血清S100B蛋白水平。结果急性缺血性脑卒中患者治疗前的血清S100B蛋白水平显著高于对照组(P<0.001),差异有统计学意义;急性缺血性脑卒中患者治疗后血清S100B蛋白水平显著下降(P<0.001),差异有统计学意义。结论急性缺血性脑卒中发生时,患者血清S100B蛋白增高;治疗后检测急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清S100B蛋白水平有助于早期诊断、指导治疗及判断预后。     

单唾液酸神经节苷脂GM1添加治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床研究

目的:评价GM1在缺血性脑卒中患者急性期应用的治疗作用.方法:急性脑血栓形成患者41例,治疗组21例,对照组20例,分别在治疗前后采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中评分法(NISS)对病人进行神经功能评分,并采用日常生活活动(ADL)量表(Barthel指数),对治疗后病人的日常生活活动的能力进行评分.结果:治疗组病人神经功能评分改善较对照组有明显差异(P＜0.01),日常生活活动能力提高也明显优于对照组.结论:在缺血性脑卒中急性期添加使用GM能减轻病人神经功能受损程度.     

丁苯酞注射液对急性缺血性脑卒中患者神经功能及认知的影响

目的探讨丁苯酞注射液治疗急性缺血性脑卒中对患者神经功能及认知的影响。方法选取2016-02—2017-11郑州市急救网络医院收治的急性缺血性脑卒中患者106例,按入院顺序分为对照组及研究组各53例。对照组患者进行常规抗血栓及其他对症支持治疗,研究组患者在对照组的基础上联合丁苯酞注射液治疗,2组均连续治疗2周,随访至治疗后3个月。检测并比较2组治疗前后神经功能及认知改善情况。结果研究组神经功能改善总有效率86.79%,显著高于对照组的67.92%(χ~2=5.386,P=0.020);与治疗前比较,治疗后3 d～3个月2组NIHSS评分均呈逐渐降低趋势,MMSE评分及MoCA评分均呈逐渐升高趋势(P0.01),且治疗后1、3个月研究组NIHSS评分显著低于对照组(P0.05),治疗后3 d、7 d、1个月及3个月研究组MMSE评分显著高于对照组(P0.05或0.01);治疗后7 d、1个月及3个月研究组MoCA评分均显著高于对照组(P0.05或0.01)。治疗期间2组均未见严重不良反应。结论丁苯酞注射液可有效改善急性缺血性脑卒中患者神经功能及认知功能,具有良好的安全性,疗效显著。     

血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1水平变化对急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后的影响

目的探讨血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1与急性缺血性脑卒中之间的关系。方法74例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,分别于发病48h内(第1次)、7d～8d(第2次)和12d～14d(第3次)采集血液标本,采用固相酶联化学荧光免疫分析方法检测血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1水平,并与对照组进行比较。脑卒中患者于发病后48h内(急诊首诊时)及发病后12d～14d进行两次神经功能缺损程度评分(CSS1和CSS2),通过两次评分的差值(CSS1-CSS2)判断预后。结果74例急性缺血性脑卒中患者第1、2次血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1检测水平明显低于正常对照组(t=3.713,2.032;P<0.05或P<0.01)。比较不同梗死面积组之间血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1水平的变化显示,大面积梗死组患者血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1水平最低,与中、小梗死面积组相应时限比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。不同预后组之间,以病情加重组患者第1次血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1检测水平最低,与其他各组(明显改善、改善、无变化及对照组)相同时限测值相比差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。相关性分析显示,两次神经功能缺损程度评分差值与3次不同时限血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1水平均存在明显相关性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论(1)胰岛素样生长因子-1可能参与急性缺血性脑卒中的病理生理学机制,对缺血性脑卒中患者有神经保护作用,可能成为急性缺血性脑卒中的一种治疗方法。(2)血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1对判断急性缺血性脑卒中患者的临床预后有一定价值,特别是根据发病48h内其水平变化的情况能够及早判断患者预后。     

盐酸法舒地尔与脑蛋白水解物联合治疗急性脑梗死疗效分析

目的：探讨盐酸法舒地尔与脑蛋白水解物联合治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果。方法80例脑梗死患者随机分为观察组和对照组。除常规急性脑梗死治疗措施缺外,对照组同时给予脑蛋白水解物,观察组在此基础上给予盐酸法舒地尔。观察2组神经功能缺损和日常生活能力改善情况。结果2组治疗前后神经功能缺损评分、日常生活能力评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗后组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论盐酸法舒地尔与脑蛋白水解物联合治疗急性脑梗死临床效果显著,值得借鉴。     

亚低温治疗缺血性脑卒中的实验与临床研究

目的:检测缺血性脑卒中患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-alpha(tumour necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-alpha)含量,观察亚低温(mild hypothermia,MHT)治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床效果,并探讨MHT对缺血性脑卒中的神经保护作用机理。方法:将起病后24小时内连续入院的60例缺血性脑卒中患者随机分为实验组(MHT治疗72小时+常规治疗)与对照组(常规治疗),分别于治疗前和治疗后14天检测血清TNF-alpha含量,采用欧洲卒中评分量表进行神经功能缺损评分(neurological deficency score,NDS)。结果:治疗前实验组血清TNF-alpha水平和NDS与对照组比较无显著性差异;治疗后14天实验组血清TNF-alpha水平较对照组明显下降,实验组NDS较对照组明显上升。结论:MHT可以使急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清TNF-alpha水平下降,改善其神经功能。提示:MHT可以通过降低急性缺血性脑卒中TNF-alpha而起到神经保护作用。     

超早期大剂量高压氧治疗急性脑卒中的实验研究

目的:探讨大剂量高压氧(HBO)治疗急性脑卒中的疗效及机制。方法:以大鼠大脑中动脉永久性阻塞模型为对象;以神经功能评分和梗死容积为指标,对9和18h两种HBO方案超早期治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的疗效进行评估。对不同时间缺血组织超微结构进行观察。结果:HBO后神经功能预后明显好于对照组(P<0.01),5d时梗死容积比对照组显著降低(P<0.01),缺血组织毛细血管周围水肿和神经元损伤明显减轻。结论:超早期大剂量HBO治疗急性脑卒中疗效显著,过大剂量HBO可能加重过氧化损伤。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

Modelling of movement of the lamprey: Control of oscillators

This article discusses the control methods of the central pattern generator (CPG). First a control model of the CPG is presented using 2 oscillators, and we suggest that phasic modulation to the CPG by means of phasic information is effective for controlling the phase difference between oscillators. Next, two models for controlling the CPG of a lamprey are proposed. One model describes a control system from the brain stem, in which the reticulospinal neurons control the CPG by receiving feedback signals and sending control signals to the neck region of the CPG. The other is a model for learning an localized control system to generate a desired motor pattern. By means of these models, a role of the efference copy is suggested.     

利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的：比较利培酮与氟哌啶醇对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法：对门诊72例服用氟哌啶醇及74例服用利培酮的精神分裂症患者用生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）、阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、副反应量表（TESS）进行评定。结果：利培酮组患者治疗后生活质量有所提高，而氟哌啶醇组患者生活质量有所下降。结论：利培酮治疗有利于患者提高生活质量。     

Onset of action of antipsychotics in the treatment of mania

Introduction: An important consideration in treating acute mania is the promptness with which a chosen therapy can bring symptom amelioration. This article reviews the available published data from controlled, blinded studies regarding the latency of responses to antipsychotics in patients with acute mania.

Methods: Articles for this review were obtained from a search of the Medline database (1966–1999), using the following keywords and phrases: antipsychotic, atypical, bipolar disorder, mania, neuroleptic, typical. The bibliographic sections of articles gleaned from this search were used to direct further inquiries.

Results: Although information regarding the onset of action of antipsychotics is limited, we discovered data for four typical and three atypical antipsychotics. Drugs with the fastest onsets include haloperidol, risperidone, and olanzapine, with onsets appearing in 2–6 days. Chlorpromazine and thiothixene were at the slowest end of the continuum, with onsets of 2 weeks or longer. Data regarding pimozide are mixed, with some studies showing an onset equivalent to that of the 'fast' compounds and others showing one similar to that of the 'slow' compounds.

Conclusions: Choice of therapy should consider not only efficacy and safety, but also onset speed. Atypical antipsychotics appear to offer safer, faster, and more effective therapies.