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1.
目的了解新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间大学生抑郁伴躯体化症状情况,并探讨其影响因素。方法于2020年3月12日-19日,以中国传媒大学南广学院(现南京传媒学院)2019级本科大一全体学生为研究对象,通过网络发放问卷。采用突发性公共卫生事件心理问卷(PQEEPH)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)躯体化因子、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及自制一般人口学资料调查表进行调查,对数据进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果共回收有效问卷3 406份,有效问卷回收率为93.0%。抑郁检出率为55.7%(1 898/3 406),抑郁伴躯体化症状检出率为4.9%(93/1 898)。Logistic回归分析显示,单亲家庭(OR=2.977,P0.01)、PQEEPH神经衰弱维度评分(OR=3.693,P0.01)、PQEEPH强迫-焦虑维度评分(OR=6.794,P=0.001)、抑郁严重程度为中度(OR=1.788,P=0.065)和重度(OR=4.462,P=0.003)是大学生抑郁伴躯体化症状的影响因素。结论COVID-19疫情期间,一定比例的大学生存在抑郁伴躯体化症状,其中受疫情影响出现的强迫-焦虑情绪、神经衰弱、中度及以上严重程度的抑郁及单亲家庭是大学生抑郁伴躯体化症状的危险因素。  相似文献   

2.
目的调查新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下非一线医务人员的焦虑、抑郁情绪,并探讨其可能原因及对策。方法采用随机抽样方法选取四川省某三甲医院432名医务人员作为研究对象,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对其焦虑、抑郁症状进行评定,并通过单因素分析寻找高危人群。结果非一线医务人员SAS评分为(39. 04±8. 47)分,焦虑症状检出率为12. 3%;SDS评分为(42. 57±11. 29)分,抑郁症状检出率为22. 2%。单因素分析显示,女性SAS、SDS评分均高于男性(t=3. 119,P=0. 002;t=3. 233,P=0. 001),女性焦虑症状检出率高于男性(χ2=6. 391,P=0. 012),护士SAS、SDS评分高于医生(t=3. 477,P=0. 001;t=2. 733,P=0. 007)。结论在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下,非一线医务人员的焦虑、抑郁症状检出率较高,女性和护士是出现焦虑、抑郁情绪的高危人群。  相似文献   

3.
目的 探讨2019年新冠肺炎(COVID-19)流行期间安徽省青少年的焦虑现状及其影响因素,以期为后期进行针对性干预提供参考,保护青少年心理健康。方法 于2020年2月13日-19日,以网上问卷的形式采用自编的一般情况调查表、新冠肺炎相关认知调查表以及儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查量表(SCARED)对安徽省青少年进行调查,共收回有效问卷973份。结果 焦虑症状检出率为27.13%,其中男性SCARED中的广泛性焦虑评分较全国常模低[(3.31±3.53)分vs.(3.84±3.24)分],男性社交恐怖评分较全国常模高[(4.35±3.43)分vs.(3.72±2.94)分],女性躯体化评分[(4.25±4.59)分vs.(3.52±2.74)分]、社交恐怖评分[(5.52±3.55)分vs.(4.17±3.13)分]、学校恐怖评分[(1.18±1.58)分vs.(0.85±1.11)分]以及总评分[(18.99±13.83)分vs.(16.23±9.53)分]均较全国常模高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01);单因素分析显示,性别、身体健康状况、第一次了解疫情的途径、负面消息占比以及不实信息占比会对焦虑症状检出率造成影响(P<0.05);二元Logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=2.04,P<0.01)、身体状况不佳(OR=2.12,P<0.01)、负面消息占比高(OR=4.28,P<0.01)是青少年焦虑的危险因素。结论 新冠肺炎流行期间,安徽省青少年社交恐怖程度普遍较高,其中女性、目前身体状况不佳以及负面信息占比高是其焦虑症状的危险因素。  相似文献   

4.
目的:评估门诊焦虑障碍青少年团体认知行为治疗(GCBT)的有效性。方法:对儿童青少年门诊就诊的70例13~18岁焦虑障碍青少年采用随机抽样方法,分为GCBT组和等待对照(WLC)组。GCBT组接受为期8周、每周1次、每次120 min的GCBT治疗。在治疗前填写自制一般情况问卷,治疗前、治疗8周后、治疗结束3个月后用儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表(SCARED)进行测试。结果:GCBT组共34例完成研究,3个月后的随访有17例参加。WLC组共22例完成8周随访。与WLC组相比GCBT组治疗后青少年焦虑障碍患者SCARED总分及广泛性焦虑、躯体化、社交焦虑、分离性焦虑因子分呈显著性下降(t=6.24,P0.01;t=4.58,P0.01,t=4.31,P0.01,t=4.17,P0.01)。治疗结束后3个月随访发现患者SCARED总分及广泛性焦虑、躯体化、社交焦虑、分离性焦虑因子分呈明显下降趋势(F=11.26,P0.01;F=11.38,P0.01;F=11.01,P0.01;F=20.02;P0.01)。结论:GCBT能有效缓解门诊焦虑障碍青少年的焦虑情绪。  相似文献   

5.
目的:探讨目睹特大火灾1年后初中生的焦虑情绪以及影响因素. 方法:采用方便抽样方法抽取距某火灾现场200 m某中学初中生311名(研究组)及与之学校性质、年级相匹配的某中学430名初中生(对照组)在火灾发生后1年时进行儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查量表(SCARED)、父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)、青少年应对方式量表、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)及埃森儿童青少年创伤问卷(ETI-KJ)调查;以火灾发生1个月后相同人群的调查资料作为基线,对调查结果进行对照分析. 结果:研究组焦虑情绪的变化率(6.4%)明显高于对照组(1.3%)(x2=13.03,P <0.001);SCARED总分、广泛性焦虑及躯体化/惊恐因子分明显高于对照组(P均<0.05).研究组中14~16岁年龄段、火灾1个月后有焦虑症状及创伤后应激障碍、应对方式为自我反思、暴力宣泄及自我感受、养育方式中父母亲过分干涉、过度保护、以及父亲拒绝否认、惩罚、严厉的学生更容易出现焦虑情绪(P均<0.05).结论:目睹特大火灾1年后初中生焦虑情绪仍在增加;个人及环境等多种因素是其影响因素.  相似文献   

6.
目的调查潍坊市青春期学生的焦虑抑郁流行现状,探讨其焦虑抑郁等情绪障碍发生的影响因素。方法在2016年5~9月期间抽取潍坊市小学、初中、高中年龄处于10~18岁的青春期不同阶段学生435名,根据《中国精神障碍分类方案与诊断标准第3版》(CCMD-3)进行焦虑抑郁诊断。采用焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表(the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders,SCARED)、抑郁障碍自评量表(depression self-rating scale for children,DSRSC)评定焦虑抑郁学生的焦虑抑郁情绪,采用自编的青春期焦虑抑郁影响因素调查问卷调查所有学生焦虑抑郁发生的危险因素。结果本次调查的435名青春期学生中,90名存在焦虑抑郁情况,发生比例为20.6%,平均年龄为(12.38±3.58)岁,女生在青春期焦虑抑郁的发生情况多于男生(26.5%vs.15.7%,P=0.026)。多因素logistic回归分析示,个人健康欠佳(OR=0.387,P=0.001)、父母陪伴时间少(OR=0.671,P=0.020)、父亲文化程度低(OR=0.338,P=0.001)、母亲文化程度低(OR=0.262,P=0.001)、父母关系差(OR=1.049,P=0.008)、教育方式不良(OR=0.471,P=0.016)是青春期学生焦虑抑郁发生的危险因素。结论青春期学生存在较多的焦虑抑郁等情绪问题,以青春期早期的女生多见,焦虑抑郁的发生与个人健康欠佳、父母陪伴时间少、父亲文化程度低、母亲文化程度低、父母关系差、教育方式不良等因素密切相关。  相似文献   

7.
目的:了解苏州市青少年抑郁现状并分析其影响因素,为预防青少年抑郁的发生提供科学依据和理论指导。方法:采用整群分层随机抽样的方法,纳入研究2019年6月至12月苏州市某城区的18所中学学生,采用一般情况调查表、患者健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)调查其抑郁情绪及其相关影响因素。结果:本次调查的11458名青少年抑郁情绪平均得分5.34分,具有抑郁情绪者2078名,抑郁情绪检出率18.1%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,父母关系差(OR=2.551,P<0.001)、学校欺凌(OR=1.792,P<0.001)、焦虑情绪(OR=1.500,P<0.001)、高中年级(OR=1.174,P=0.036)、女性(OR=1.310,P<0.001)、是青少年抑郁情绪的危险因素。结论:青少年抑郁情绪较为普遍,父母关系差、学校欺凌、焦虑情绪、高中年级、女性是青少年抑郁情绪的危险因素,应定期对这一人群进行心理状况筛查,提供干预策略,预防青少年抑郁。  相似文献   

8.
目的:探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)流行期间青少年女性情绪问题及影响因素。方法:采用横断面调查方式,招募11~18岁居家隔离的青少年女性自愿在线完成一般人口学资料及疫情相关调查,应用流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)评估抑郁、焦虑,分析其发生的影响因素。结果:共有4 805名青少年女性完成调查,1 905名(39.6%)有情绪症状,其中1 651名(34.3%)仅出现抑郁症状;6名(0.1%)仅出现焦虑症状,248名(5.2%)出现抑郁伴焦虑症状。低年龄、处于毕业班、未参与网课、所在省份的确诊病例数1 000、不关注疫情、睡眠时间6 h/d或锻炼时间0.5 h/d的青少年女性更容易出现情绪症状(P0.05或P0.01)。出现抑郁症状的青少年女性中,处于毕业班、父母参与一线抗疫和睡眠时间6 h/d是其伴发焦虑症状的影响因素(P均0.01);关注疫情是不发生焦虑症状的保护因素(P0.05)。结论:COVID-19流行期间,低年龄、处于毕业班、未参与网课、不关注疫情和睡眠锻炼不足的青少年女性出现情绪问题较多;处于毕业班、父母参与一线抗疫情与睡眠不足是其伴发焦虑症状的危险因素,关注疫情则为保护因素。  相似文献   

9.
目的了解广东乡镇地区11~18岁青少年学生白日过度思睡(Excessive Daytime Sleepiness,EDS)的发生情况及探讨其影响因素。方法整群抽取广东省龙门县5所中学的5003名学生,采用一般情况调查表、爱泼沃斯嗜睡量表(Epworth Sleepiness Scale,ESS)、失眠严重指数量表(Insomnia Severity Index,ISI)、贝克抑郁量表(Beck Depression Inventory,BDI)和焦虑自评量表(Self-rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)等进行问卷调查。结果青少年学生EDS(ESS10)发生率为11.1%(95%CI:10.2%~12.0%),男性高于女性(12.0%vs.10.1%,P0.05),并且在年龄、是否吸烟、身体状况、学习压力、学习兴趣、是否午睡及不同睡眠时间方面EDS的发生率存在明显差异(P0.01);EDS组的BDI、SAS和ISI总分均高于非EDS组(P0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果显示男性(OR=1.25,95%CI:1.03~1.52)、习惯性午睡(OR=1.35,95%CI:1.11~1.64)、吸烟(OR=2.02,95%CI:1.23~3.33)、学习压力大(OR=1.28,95%CI:1.07~1.54)、学习兴趣低(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.10~1.73)、有慢性疾病(OR=1.69,95%CI:1.22~2.34)、失眠(OR=3.37,95%CI:2.60~4.37)、焦虑(OR=1.95,95%CI:1.57~2.42)、抑郁(OR=1.65,95%CI:1.30~2.09)情绪是EDS的危险因素。结论广东乡镇青少年学生EDS发生率较高,男性、习惯性午睡、抽烟、学习压力大、学习兴趣低、有慢性疾病、失眠及焦虑抑郁情绪是EDS的危险因素,提示伴有EDS的青少年情绪状况和睡眠质量较差。  相似文献   

10.
目的 探讨伴焦虑症状的难治性抑郁症的临床特征.方法 将327例难治性抑郁症患者,按照17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD17)焦虑/躯体化因子≥7分,分为焦虑组(229例)和无焦虑组(98例),比较2组患者的人口学特征和临床特征;对伴焦虑症状的危险因素进行Logistic回归分析.结果 焦虑组平均年龄、首发年龄、HAMD17总分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)总分高于无焦虑组[(42.58±11.77)岁vs(36.78±11.84)岁,(34.60±11.66)岁vs(30.04±12.60)岁,(27.83±6.93)分vs(23.39±5.59)分,(21.11±6.61)分vs(13.88±4.68)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).焦虑组和无焦虑组性别(男:女,OR=0.51)、有无强迫症状(OR=3.67)、未成年和成年发病的构成比(OR=0.36)的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).年龄(OR=1.05)、HAMD17总分(OR=1.17)、有自杀观念(OR=2.70)和强迫症状(OR=4.59)与难治性抑郁症伴焦虑症状相关(P<0.05).结论 伴焦虑症状的难治性抑郁症患者具有年龄较大、女性倾向较高、首发年龄较晚、成年发病的倾向较高、抑郁程度更严重、更可能伴强迫症状等特点;年龄、抑郁严重程度、自杀观念和强迫症状可能是难治性抑郁症伴焦虑症状的危险因素.  相似文献   

11.
In culturally diverse and immigrant receiving societies, immigrant youth can be subject to prejudice and discrimination. Such experiences can impact on immigrant youth’s cultural identity and influence their psychosocial outcomes. This paper presents findings of a study that examined cultural identity and experiences of prejudice and discrimination among Afghan (N = 9) and Iranian (N = 17) immigrant youth in Canada. The study had a prospective, comparative, longitudinal qualitative design. Data was gathered through focus groups, interviews, journals and field logs. Four main themes emerged on participants’ experiences of prejudice and discrimination: (a) societal factors influencing prejudice; (b) personal experiences of discrimination; (c) fear of disclosure and silenced cultural identity; and (d) resiliency and strength of cultural identity. Drawing from Rosenberg’s (Conceiving the self, Basic Books, New York, 1979) self-concept framework and Romero and Roberts (J. Adolesc., 21:641–656, 1998) distinction between prejudice and discrimination, results indicated that youth’s extant and presenting cultural identity were affected. Inclusive policies and practices are needed to promote youth integration in multicultural and immigrant receiving settings.
Nazilla KhanlouEmail:
  相似文献   

12.
本文目的是对沙盘游戏疗法在地中海贫血患儿心理干预中的应用进行综述,以期为地中海贫血患儿的心理康复提供参考。地中海贫血是以珠蛋白生成障碍为主要特征的遗传性疾病,由于长期输血治疗,患儿存在较多的心理和行为问题。沙盘游戏疗法作为一种有效、实用的儿童心理治疗方法,对提高地中海贫血患儿的康复效果、改善生存质量有重要的临床意义。  相似文献   

13.
本文目的是探讨癫痫共病抑郁的可能机制及临床诊疗。癫痫是一种常见的、慢性的、致残性的神经疾病,癫痫患者生活质量下降,存在明显的负性情绪,常伴发各种精神疾病。癫痫与抑郁具有共同的神经生物学基础,可能存在共同的发病机制。本文从癫痫共病抑郁的发病机制、临床诊断及治疗方面予以总结归纳。  相似文献   

14.
Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.  相似文献   

15.
本文目的是探讨发作性睡病与异态睡眠的诊断与治疗。发作性睡病被漏诊和误诊的几率较高,危害较大,共患异态睡眠比例高。文章从发作性睡病临床特征、REM睡眠的作用、发作性睡病与异态睡眠(睡眠瘫痪、睡眠幻觉、快眼动睡眠期行为障碍)共病特征及治疗这四个方面进行了讨论。  相似文献   

16.
小胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞前体的培养和鉴定   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的 探讨新生大鼠脑组织小胶质细胞(MG)和少突胶质细胞(OL)前体的分离和体外培养方法 . 方法 取新生2 d SD大鼠脑组织,体外原代培养混合胶质细胞7 d后,分别采用"改良振荡伴差速贴壁"法和"营养缺失伴振荡"法纯化培养MG和OL前体,并分别应用免疫荧光染色异凝集素-B4(IB4)和OL前体标记物(O4)进行鉴定.结果 混合胶质细胞培养7 d后呈明显三层增长,其中MG位于上层,星型胶质细胞位于底层,两者之间为2型少突星型(O2A)祖细胞.纯化培养后OL前体胞体呈小圆形,有双极或三极突起,MG则以阿米巴形、圆形居多,或边缘呈毛刺状.免疫荧光染色IB4显示绿色荧光,MG纯度达到90%以上.免疫荧光染色O4显示棕黄色荧光,OL前体纯度达到95%以上. 结论 采用"改良振荡伴差速贴壁"法以及"营养缺失伴振荡"法分别成功获取大量纯度高、活力好的MG和OL前体.  相似文献   

17.
OBJECTIVE: Using predetermined criteria for study quality and methods, a literature review and meta-analysis of seven reports about pediatric bipolar disorder (BPD) was conducted to determine if there is a consistent picture of the phenomenology and clinical characteristics of BPD in children and adolescents. METHODS: Searches were conducted in MedLine and PsycINFO using the terms mania, BPD, children and adolescents, and was limited to published articles in peer-reviewed journals. Seven reports were selected that met the following criteria: a systematic method for the elicitation and reporting of symptoms and clinical characteristics of subjects; subjects were interviewed by a trained researcher or clinician; ages 5-18 years; use of a diagnostic system, either DSM or RDC for categorization; a consensus method for the establishment of the diagnosis of BPD. RESULTS: Most DSM-IV symptoms of mania were common in the children and adolescents with BPD with the most common symptoms being increased energy, distractibility, and pressured speech. On average, four of five bipolar cases also showed threshold levels of irritable mood and grandiosity, and more than 70% of all cases showed elated/euphoric mood, decreased need for sleep, or racing thoughts. Roughly 69% of cases also showed poor judgment, whereas only half of bipolar cases demonstrated flight of ideas, and slightly more than one-third showed hypersexuality or psychotic features. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical picture that emerges is that of children or adolescents with periods of increased energy (mania or hypomania), accompanied by distractibility, pressured speech, irritability, grandiosity, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep and euphoria/elation.  相似文献   

18.
Injuries from lightning and electrical injuries involve multiple systems of the body, however neurological symptoms are very widely reported. A disabling neuropsychological syndrome is also noted.This paper presents a comprehensive review of neurological and neuropsychological symptoms. Partial theories of causation for these injuries have been advanced, however, there is no convincing explanation for both delay in onset of symptoms and also the genesis of the neuropsychological syndrome. A theory of causation is proposed which satisfies both these constraints.This theory suggests circulating hormones such as cortisol, together with nitric oxide and oxidant free radicals from glutamatergic hyper-stimulation, act on tissues remote from the injury path including the hippocampus.This theory opens a research path to explore treat-ment options.  相似文献   

19.
This study evaluates the effects of agonists and antagonists of cholecystokinin (CCK) on contractile and myoelectrical activity in isolated longitudinal muscle strips from colon or ileum of guinea pigs or beagle dogs. Caerulein and CCK-8 caused a dose-dependent increase of contractile and myoelectrical spike activity in both species with maximal effects seen between 10−8 and 3 × 10−8 M. The dose responses were identical for both CCK agonists and species. The dose-related effects of CCK compounds on colonic muscle were slightly shifted to the right when compared to ileum in both species. All antagonists, the proglumide-derivatives CR1409, CR1392, and CR1505, as well as the nonpeptide substances asperlicin and L-364,718, caused a parallel rightward shift of CCK's dose-dependent motor activity response, indicating the competitive nature of inhibition. The antagonists displayed a rank order of potency in antagonizing CCK's action on intestinal motility similar to their ability to antagonize CCK's action on pancreas and gallbladder. L-364,718 was the most potent antagonist, followed by CR1409, CR1505, CR1392, asperlicin, and proglumide. The antagonists did not affect contractile or myoelectrical responses to acetylcholine, histamine, motilin, or substance P. Thus compounds that have been described as CCK antagonists for pancreas and gallbladder also act as specific and competitive antagonists of CCK's action on contractile and myoelectrical activity of Heal and colonie muscle.  相似文献   

20.
Seventy-one patients from northern Sweden were diagnosed with chronic subdural haematomas (CSDH) and treated at the Department of Neurosurgery at Umeå University Hospital over 12 months. Fifty-four patients with CSDH had a history of head trauma (trauma group), while 17 patients had no previous head trauma (non-trauma group). In the non-trauma group 71% of patients were treated with anticoagulants or antiplatelet aggregation agents (AAA) compared to 18% in the trauma group. Considering only AAA, 59% of the non-trauma patients were treated with these drugs versus 17% of patients in the trauma group. The recurrence rate for all patients was 17%. These findings confirm that the use of anticoagulants and AAA is over-represented in patients with non-traumatic CSDH. In our study, recurrence was not associated with previous use of anticoagulants or AAA.  相似文献   

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