200例情感性精神障碍再入院的相关因素分析

本文对２００例再入院情感性精神障碍与１００例初入院精神情感性精神障碍作对照研究。结果发现该疾病的反复住院系多种因素的相互作用所致。而最主要因素是停药。     

情感性精神障碍脑CT研究

对７７例情感性精神障碍患者进行脑ＣＴ检查，以探讨其脑结构改变及与疾病的关系。１对象与方法顺序选取我院１９９６年１月～１９９７年５月入院，符合ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ诊断标准的情感性精神障碍患者７７例作为研究组，其中男４４例，女３３例；平均年龄３３．４±１３．...     

43例情感性精神障碍司法精神病鉴定分析

目的：探讨情感性精神障碍司法精神病鉴定特点。方法：回顾性分析43例情感性精神障碍司法精神病鉴定特点。结果：情感性精神障碍占同期鉴定案例的4.5%，以男性、21－40岁为多。凶杀案在抑郁症的发生率明显高于躁狂症，盗窃抢劫和性犯罪在躁狂症的发生率明显高于抑郁症。抑郁症和躁狂症部分责任能力与无责任能力评定例数相仿。结论：情感性精神障碍患者涉及刑事案件有其大致规律，其责任能力评定有一定分歧，鉴定时应掌握全部材料作综合分析，并重视认知功能对辨认能力的影响。     

常见精神障碍发病与空气负离子浓度的相关性

目的研究空气负离子浓度与常见精神障碍发病的相关性,探讨空气负离子浓度对常见精神障碍发病的影响。方法对中山市第三人民医院2010年6月-2017年5月入院的精神分裂症、精神发育迟滞和双相情感障碍患者的病历资料进行整理分析,将各病种月入院量与同期月平均空气负离子浓度进行相关分析。结果 Pearson相关分析显示,双相抑郁月入院量与月平均空气负离子浓度呈正相关(r=0.34,P0.01),1月-12月月均空气负离子浓度分别为:353、336、419、564、658、729、700、665、637、512、393、479个/cm~3,对应月份双相抑郁月累积入院量分别为:37、20、36、38、55、31、29、41、44、38、26、37人次。结论双相抑郁在低浓度空气负离子时发病增多,高浓度时发病减少。     

男性情感性精神障碍的出生季节

男性情感性精神障碍的出生季节孙振晓于相芬有关精神分裂症的出生季节，已有不少报告，而情感性精神障碍国内尚未见报告。作者调查１９９１年１月～１９９５年５月期间，首次住院的男性情感性精神障碍患者２６７例，诊断符合ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ标准，年龄１８～６１岁，平均...     

复发性抑郁障碍发病与季节气象要素变化的关联分析

目的了解抑郁障碍的复发与季节气象要素变化的相关性,为复发性抑郁障碍的防治提供参考。方法收集2013年-2017年深圳市某精神病专科医院复发性抑郁障碍住院患者病历资料和同期气象资料,对复发性抑郁障碍月入院量与同期各气象要素进行相关分析,采用多元线性回归模型进一步分析季节气象因素对抑郁障碍复发的影响。结果复发性抑郁障碍月入院量最多的三个月份分别为5月[85例(10. 39%)]、7月[78例(9. 54%)]和8月[77例(9. 41%)];入院量最多的季节为秋季[226例(27. 6%)],其次为夏季[212例(25. 9%)]。不同性别的复发性抑郁障碍月入院量差异无统计学意义(χ~2=9. 947,P0. 05)。复发性抑郁障碍患者月入院量与月平均降水量、月平均相对湿度呈正相关(r=0. 292、0. 370,P0. 05),与月平均风速呈负相关(r=-0. 475,P0. 05)。多元线性回归分析表明,月均风速越慢、月均湿度越高,复发性抑郁障碍入院量越高(P0. 05)。结论复发性抑郁障碍发病具有季节性,气象要素变化与复发性抑郁障碍发病存在关联,尤其是湿度与风速变化。     

情感性精神障碍患者脂质过氧化物、超氧化物歧化酶及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的观察

自由基与精神疾病的关系已成为精神医学领域中较活跃的研究方向。文献报道精神分裂症存在自由基及酶防御系统的改变［１,２］,而情感性精神障碍与自由基关系仍未明确。我们对１３６例情感性精神障碍患者的脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨＰｘ）进行了观察分析。１对象：患者组共选择情感性精神障碍住院患者１３６例,均符合中国精神疾病分类与诊断标准第２版修订本的情感性精神障碍诊断标准,无心、肝、肾、脑血管及内分泌疾病,２个月内未服抗精神病药物。１３６例中男６２例,女７４…     

阜阳市情感障碍的流行病学调查

目的了解阜阳市城乡情感性精神障碍患病状况及相关因素，初步探讨我国情感性精神障碍患病率较低的原因。方法2000年儿月～2001年3月在阜阳市区和3县农村进行精神疾病流行病学调查，共调查≥15岁者33332人，以心理卫生筛选表进行筛查，阳性者作精神现状检查及社会功能缺陷量表检查．以中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第2版修订本进行诊断。结果共查出情感性精神障碍患者39例．现患26例。终生患病率为1．17‰，时点患病率为0，78‰.青壮年患病率较高．并有明显的遗传倾向，农村和低收入家庭患病率相对较低．但未识别率和未治疗率却较高。结论我国的患病率低可能与情感性精神障碍分类的范围及人们对本病的认识水平有关。建议卫生部门将情感性精神障碍列为以后重点防治的疾病范围。     

情感性精神障碍的气候影响-中国7地区流行病学资料再分析

目的：探讨气候因素与情感性精神障碍患病率间的关系。方法：回顾1993年中国7地区情感性精神障碍流行病学调查资料，分析其终生患病率与年平均气温、年平均日照时数、年平均降水量、纬度及所处的气候区之间关系。结果：以大庆、吉林、沈阳、北京4个地区为代表的温带地区的情感性精神障碍终生患病率及标化患病率均显著低于南京、上海、长沙3个地区为代表的亚热带地区；情感性精神障碍终生患病率及标化患病率与气候各因素问均无显著相关性。结论：气候因素会对情感性精神障碍的患病产生影响，不同气候地区的情感性精神障碍患病率间存在差异。     

分裂情感性精神障碍的研究现状

分裂情感性精神障碍是一种分裂性症状和情感性症状同时存在又同样突出的精神障碍。本文对分裂情感性精神障碍的临床症状和诊断稳定性、流行病学、生物学研究、临床治疗方案的选择及治疗有效性等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

面神经炎发病和气象条件的关系

目的分析中国北方面神经炎患者与气象因素之间的相关性,初步探讨气象因素对面神经炎发病的影响。方法回顾性研究采集北京友谊医院神经内科及北京博爱医院神经内科2007年门诊和急诊收治的298例面神经炎患者的临床资料,并采集北京市气象台2007年逐月逐日平均气温、相对湿度、气压、风速、月平均气温、月平均相对湿度、月平均气压、月平均风速、风冷指数(WCF)等气象要素。分析气象因素与面神经炎发病之间的相关性。结果月平均相对湿度与面神经炎发病呈正相关(r=0.629,P=0.028),而月平均气温、平均气压、平均风速、WCF等未发现与面神经炎发病存在明显相关性(r=0.558,P=0.059;r=-0.509,P=0.091;r=-0.219,P=0.494;r=-0.562,P=0.057)。面神经炎发病并不存在季节性差异。结论月平均相对湿度可能是面神经炎发病的影响因素。     

气象因素与脑血管病关系的研究

目的 探讨脑血管病发病与气象因素间的关系。方法 收集青岛市1998～2002年6186例脑血管病患者[脑出血（CH）1179例、脑梗死（C1）4821例、蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）186例]的发病时间及同期的月平均气温、气压、相对湿度、风速等气象资料。圆分布分析脑血管病发病的季节规律；直线相关、多元逐步回归分析气象因素与脑血管病发病之间的关系。结果 CH冬季高发，平均角在1月份（P〈0．05）；CI及SAH均于秋季高发，平均角在10门份（均P〈0．05）。CH多发于低气温、高气压的气象条件（r=-0．370、0．349，均P〈0．05），CI多发于高温、高气压、低湿度的气象条件（r=0．308、0．264、-0．370，均P〈0．05）。影响月发病人数的气象因素，CH是月平均气压、相对湿度和风速，CI是月平均气压和气温。结论 气象因素是脑血管病发病的影响因素，在脑血管病的预防工作中应充分考虑其发病的季节特点。气象因素为自变量的多元逐步回归方程不宜用来进行预测发病人数。     

The relationship between mental disorders and medical service utilization in a representative community sample

BACKGROUND: Frequent use of health services has been associated with mental disorders and psychological distress. The present study aimed to determine how mental disorders affect the likelihood of using health services in a nationally representative sample. METHOD: The analysis was based on data on 3726 respondents aged 18-65 years from the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey, a nationally representative multistage probability survey conducted from 1997 to 1999. Health care utilization in the previous year was measured by a self-report questionnaire. Psychiatric diagnoses were assessed by a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: The relationship between mental illness and medical service utilization was substantial and significant. Twelve-month prevalence rates for respondents with normal health service use were 10.2 % (affective disorders), 11.9 % (anxiety disorders), 8.9 % (somatoform disorders), and 15.4 % (substance use disorder). In contrast, 12-month prevalence rates for high utilizers were 25.1 % (affective disorders), 29.3 % (anxiety disorders), 22.2 % (somatoform disorders), and 17.1 % (substance use disorder). CONCLUSIONS: High utilizers of health care service should be assessed for common mental disorders. Efforts should be made to increase awareness, recognition, and appropriate early intervention of mental disorders.     

Climatic factors and bipolar affective disorder

In bipolar disorder, the factors provoking a new episode are unknown. As a seasonal variation has been noticed, it has been suggested that weather conditions may play a role. The aim of the study was to elucidate whether meteorological parameters influence the development of new bipolar phases. A group of patients with at least three previous hospitalizations for bipolar disorder was examined every 3 months for up to 3 years. At each examination an evaluation of the affective phase was made according to the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D(17)), and the Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale (MAS). In the same period, daily recordings from the Danish Meteorological Institute were received. We found no correlations between onset of bipolar episodes [defined as MAS score of 11 or more (mania) and as HAM-D(17) score of 12 or more (depression)] and any meteorological parameters. We found a statistical significant correlation between mean HAM-D(17) scores and change in mean and maximum temperature, and non-statistical significant correlations between mean MAS scores and rainfall plus atmospheric pressure, and non-statistical significant correlations between mean HAM-D(17) scores and hours of sunshine and cloudiness. Though meteorological factors may have an impact on triggering new episodes in bipolar patients, they do not constitute a dominant cause.     

Relative humidity and affective disorders

INTRODUCTION: Looking at specific weather parameters over a period of time prior to hospital admissions may provide evidence of a link between weather conditions and some psychiatric conditions such as affective disorders. We examined the association between relative humidity (as well as other parameters such as sunshine hours, diurnal variations in temperature and rainfall) and psychiatric admissions in North Cheshire, UK. METHOD: The daily numbers of all psychiatric admissions in North Cheshire in a specified year were analysed in relation to meteorological data, which were measured at the meteorological office nearest to the study population. RESULTS: We found a significant inverse relationship (with time lag) between admissions for affective disorders and relative humidity in the week preceding admission. Changes in diurnal variations in temperature, sunshine hours and rainfall a few days before admission were also noted, but the findings did not achieve statistical significance for any diagnostic category. CONCLUSION: The effect of weather parameters on mental health is likely to be influenced by other seasonal factors, as well as non-climatic factors, predominantly social, that may have contributed to the study findings. Psychiatric admissions reflect the behaviour of patients, carers and medical professionals. The complexity of this behaviour and the day-of-the-week periodicity may have confounded variations associated with the weather. (Int J Psych Clin Pract 2002; 6: 147-153 )     

精神疾病与气象要素相关性研究

目的　探讨精神分裂症和抑郁症的发病与气象要素之间的相关性。方法　对 1997年— 1999年在南京脑科医院住院的精神病人资料与对应的 3年南京市气象资料进行对比分析 ,并划出曲线图 ,找出两者之间的规律性。结果　精神分裂症易发的气象条件是气压下降 ,日温差小 ;抑郁症易发的气象条件是气压上升 ,日温差加大。结论　气象要素是影响精神疾病发病的影响因素之一。     

Shifts in diagnostic frequencies during the years 1975-1999

Data on discharge diagnoses was obtained from a state-supported mental hospital located in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States for the years 1975 through 1999. Results indicated that frequencies of diagnosis of major mental disorders changed significantly during this interval, with reciprocal changes between schizoaffective and affective disorders and schizophrenia. Percentages of total discharge diagnoses of major affective disorders increased threefold, diagnoses of schizoaffective disorders increased fivefold, and schizophrenia diagnoses decreased threefold during the interval of study. Several of these trends were contemporaneous with changes in successive editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Additional factors that may have contributed to changes in diagnostic rates include increased access to disability payments, changes in third-party payment policies and institutional funding priorities, access to improved medications, paradigm shifts, and changes in actual incidence of the disorders. Consistent with changed social policies, length of stay decreased for all groups during the interval 1975-1999.     

Toxoplasma gondii as a risk factor for early-onset schizophrenia: analysis of filter paper blood samples obtained at birth.

BACKGROUND: Infections during fetal life or neonatal period, including infections with Toxoplasma gondii, may be associated with a risk for schizophrenia and other mental disorders. The objectives of this study were to study the association between serological markers for maternal and neonatal infection and the risk for schizophrenia, related psychoses, and affective disorders in a national cohort of newborns. METHODS: This study was a cohort-based, case-control study combining data from national population registers and patient registers and a national neonatal screening biobank in Denmark. Patients included persons born in Denmark in 1981 or later followed up through 1999 with respect to inpatient or outpatient treatment for schizophrenia or related disorders (ICD-10 F2) or affective disorders (ICD-10 F3). RESULTS: Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels corresponding to the upper quartile among control subjects were significantly associated with schizophrenia risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.79, p = .045) after adjustment for urbanicity of place of birth, year of birth, gender, and psychiatric diagnoses among first-degree relatives. There was no significant association between any marker of infection and other schizophrenia-like disorders or affective disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports an association between Toxoplasma gondii and early-onset schizophrenia. Further studies are needed to establish if the association is causal and if it generalizes to cases with onset after age 18.     

Meteorological Factors and Seasonal Stroke Rates: A Four-year Comprehensive Study

Introduction: There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that acute cardiovascular events including stroke are not distributed randomly over time but instead depend on months/season of the year. We report the impact of meteorological variables in extremely hot and arid climate on stroke. Methods: Acute stroke patients admitted from January 2014 to December 2017 were included. The data included demographics, clinical risk factors, temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, dew point, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure. We calculated stroke rates/100,000/month. Results: There were 3654 cases of stroke (ischemic stroke [IS]: 2956 [80.9%]; and intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH]: 698 [19.1%]) with no difference in hematocrit, creatinine, and blood urea between hot and cold seasons (p > .05). We observed a positive significant correlation of IS with the mean temperature (AOR: 1.023; 95% CI: 1.009-1.036; P = .001) and mean solar radiation (AOR: 1.268; 95% CI: 1.021-1.575; P = .032) showing a 2.3% and 26.8% higher risk relative to ICH respectively, a negative correlation between IS with relative humidity (AOR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.984-0.997; P = .002), and atmospheric pressure (AOR: 0.977; 95% CI: 0.966-0.989; P < .001) was observed, 1% increase in the relative humidity correlate with 2.4% and 1% lower risk of IS incidence relative to ICH respectively. Conclusion: We demonstrated a distinct seasonal pattern in the incidence of stroke with an increase in IS rates relative to ICH during the summer months with higher solar radiations that cannot be explained by physiological measures suggestive of dehydration or hem-concentration.