西酞普兰与阿米替林治疗老年抑郁症的临床对照研究

目的探讨西酞普兰治疗老年抑郁症的临床疗效和安全性。方法将79例老年抑郁症患者随机分配至西酞普兰组和阿米替林组。西酞普兰治疗剂量为20mg～60mg/d,阿米替林治疗剂量为100mg～300mg/d,疗程均为6周。采用汉米顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评定疗效,采用副反应症状量表（TESS）、体格检查、实验室检查评定其安全性。结果西酞普兰组有效率为92%,与阿米替林的87%相当（P〉0.05）,西酞普兰组不良反应少且轻微,患者耐受性好。结论西酞普兰治疗老年抑郁症疗效好且安全。     

丁螺环酮合并西酞普兰治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症的疗效观察

目的 探讨丁螺环酮合并西酞普兰治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症的疗效和安全性.方法 对60例伴躯体症状抑郁症患者随机分为研究组与对照组,研究组采用丁螺环酮合并西酞普兰治疗,对照组用西酞普兰治疗,治疗8周,两组分别在治疗2、4、6、8周采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、临床疗效总评量表(CGI)评定疗效,以副反应症状量表(TESS)评定不良反应.结果 与对照组相比,研究组HAMD评分减分率显著增大,CGI评分显著降低,两组TESS评分相当.结论 丁螺环酮合并西酞普兰治疗伴躯体症状的抑郁症疗效较单用西酞普兰好,安全性较好.     

度洛西汀与西酞普兰治疗抑郁症的对照研究

目的:比较度洛西汀与西酞普兰治疗不同症状抑郁症的疗效.方法:将122例符合国际疾病分类第10版抑郁症诊断标准的患者,按不同主诉(精神症状或躯体症状)分为精神症状组60例和躯体症状组62例,每组再随机分为度洛西汀组(30例/30例)和西酞普兰组(30例/32例),分别给予度洛西汀和西酞普兰治疗6周.用汉密尔顿抑郁量表17...     

盐酸文拉法辛和草酸艾司西酞普兰治疗抑郁症的对照研究

目的 比较盐酸文拉法辛和草酸艾司西酞普兰治疗抑郁症患者的疗效和安全性.方法 69例抑郁症患者随机分为盐酸文拉法辛组和草酸艾司西酞普兰组.盐酸文拉法辛治疗剂量150～225 mg/d,草酸艾司西酞普兰治疗剂量10～20 mg/d,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)以及副反应评定量表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应,观察时间为期8周.结果 两组药物在治疗终末期疗效以及不良反应差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05).在治疗第6周末草酸艾司西酞普兰组HAMD/HAMA总评分低于盐酸文拉法辛组(P＜0.05).结论 盐酸文拉法辛与草酸艾司西酞普兰对抑郁症患者均有较好的疗效,安全性一致,但是后者起效更快.     

西酞普兰治疗老年期抑郁症疗效观察

目的：探讨西酞普兰治疗老年期抑郁症的临床疗效及安全性.方法：将60例老年期抑郁症患者随机分为西酞普兰组及阿米替林组（各30例）.西酞普兰治疗剂量为20～40 mg/d,阿米替林为100～250 mg/d.疗程6周.疗效评定采用Hamilton抑郁量表（HAMD）,安全性评价应用副反应量表（TESS）及实验室检查.结果：西酞普兰组显效率为77%,有效率为92%,与阿米替林组的70%及90%相当;西酞普兰组不良反应较阿米替林组少且轻微.结论：西酞普兰与阿米替林对老年期抑郁症均有较好的疗效,但西酞普兰具有服用简便,不良反应轻等优点.     

西酞普兰合并奥氮平治疗伴躯体障碍抑郁症的对照研究

目的探讨西酞普兰合并奥氮平对伴有躯体症状抑郁症的治疗效果。方法将67例患者随机分为单用西酞普兰组和西酞普兰合并奥氮平组,进行3个月的治疗,采用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、副反应量表(TESS)和自编躯体症状调查表等进行测评。结果在抑郁症状缓解方面两组均显效;对于躯体症状的改善,合用组优于单用组,两组副作用均较小。结论西酞普兰合并奥氮平在治疗伴躯体障碍抑郁症方面效果优于单用西酞普兰。     

西酞普兰治疗抑郁性情感障碍的疗效分析

目的　观察西酞普兰治疗抑郁性情感障碍的疗效。方法　分析应用抗抑郁剂西酞普兰治疗抑郁症及抑郁性神经症共2 3例 ,疗程 6周。结果　西酞普兰对两类患者的治疗效果均好 ,尤其对焦虑 /躯体化以及迟滞疗效显著。结论　西酞普兰对抑郁性情感障碍的疗效确切 ,副作用轻微。     

西酞普兰合并氯丙咪嗪治疗难治性强迫症

目的探讨西酞普兰以及西酞普兰合并氯丙咪嗪治疗难治性强迫症的疗效和不良反应。方法将16例难治性强迫症患者随机分为2组(n=8)，分别给予西酞普兰，西酞普兰合并氯丙咪嗪治疗。采用耶鲁布朗强迫症量表(YBOCS)和副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效和副反应。结果西酞普兰合并氯丙咪嗪组的所有病人的YBOCS减分率均大于35％，有6例出现副反应。西酞普兰组仅有一例患者的YBOCS减分率大于35％，有3例出现副反应。结论西酞普兰合并氯丙咪嗪治疗难治性强迫症的疗效优于单用西酞普兰，但副反应明显多于西酞普兰组。     

西酞普兰与阿米替林治疗抑郁症的临床疗效对照分析

目的 探讨西酞普兰对抑郁症的临床疗效及安全性。方法将46例抑郁症患者随机分配至西酞普兰组及阿米替林组(各23例)。西酞普兰治疗剂量为20～40mg／，1次／d，阿米替林为150-300mg／，1次／d。观察时间均为6周。疗效评定采用Hamilton抑郁量表(HAMD)。安全性评价应用TESS、实验室检查及体查。结果西酞普兰组显效率为74％，有效率为91％，与阿米替林组的65％及87％相当；西酞普兰组不良反应较阿米替林组少且轻微，患者依从性好。结论西酞普兰与阿米替林对抑郁症均有较好的疗效，但西酞普兰具有日服剂量小、给药方法简便、不良反应轻微等优点。     

西酞普兰合并小剂量奥氮平治疗老年期抑郁症的对照研究

目的观察西酞普兰合并小剂量奥氮平治疗老年期抑郁症的临床疗效。方法将50例老年抑郁症患者随机分为西酞普兰组和西酞普兰合并奥氮平组,共观察8周,采用汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）,治疗时出现的症状量表（TESS）进行测评。结果在抑郁症缓解方面两组均显效,但合并小剂量奥氮平组能迅速改善睡眠和焦虑/躯体化症状。结论西酞普兰合并小剂量奥氮平治疗老年期抑郁起效更快。     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

广西农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量状况调查

目的研究农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者的生活质量及影响因素。方法前瞻性的队列研究。采用随机分层抽样法分为农村壮族妇女精神分裂症组、农村汉族妇女精神分裂症组、农村正常妇女对照组,应用“世界卫生组织生存质量测定报告”(WHOQOL-100)及PANSS量表调查其生活质量和疾病的严重程度。结果农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量明显低于农村汉族妇女精神分裂症患者,影响其生活质量的相关因素是生活环境及精神支柱/个人信仰。结论经济贫困、环境条件、缺乏有效的医疗服务和社会保障是农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量低的关键。因此,建立农村壮族社区精神卫生服务网络势在必行。     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

The origins of innervation of the esophagus of the dog

This study defined the origins of extrinsic efferent and afferent innervation of the normal canine esophagus. When all the layers of the wall of the 3 esophageal regions (cervical, thoracic and abdominal) were injected with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), labeled nerve cells were found in the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and parasympathetic nucleus of X (PX) of the brainstem. Most labeled cells in the NA were located in the compact column (retrofacial nucleus) while labeled cells in the PX were located in separate rostral and caudal areas. There was no somatotopic organization in either the NA or PX. Labeled sympathetic postganglionic neurons were found in the cranial cervical, middle cervical, cervicothoracic, thoracic sympathetic trunk and celiacomesenteric ganglia. The HRP injection of the esophageal wall labeled sensory cell bodies in the glossopharyngeal, proximal and distal vagal, and C2-T6 spinal ganglia. There was no discernible pattern of distribution of labeled cells in the autonomic or sensory ganglia. When the HRP injections were confined to the mucosa-submucosa layers of the thoracic esophagus, a small number of labeled cells were identified in the NA; however, no labeled cells were found in the NA when injections were confined to the mucosa-submucosa of either the cervical or abdominal esophageal regions. With these confined injections, the labeled nerve cells appeared in the rostral part of the PX. Thus, it appeared that the internal tunics of the esophagus (i.e., the mucosa and submucosa) were innervated by neurons in the rostral PX while the muscular tunic was innervated by neurons in the caudal PX and the rostral NA. After mucosa-submucosa injections, labeled sympathetic neurons appeared in the same ganglia that were identified after whole wall injections and these had a similar random distribution. These injections also labeled neurons in the glossopharyngeal, proximal vagal, and distal vagal ganglia, but unlike the whole wall injections there was no labeling in the spinal ganglia. This suggested that the labeled cells of the spinal ganglia seen after whole wall injections conveyed impulses from the tunica muscularis and serosa.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Onset of action of antipsychotics in the treatment of mania

Introduction: An important consideration in treating acute mania is the promptness with which a chosen therapy can bring symptom amelioration. This article reviews the available published data from controlled, blinded studies regarding the latency of responses to antipsychotics in patients with acute mania.

Methods: Articles for this review were obtained from a search of the Medline database (1966–1999), using the following keywords and phrases: antipsychotic, atypical, bipolar disorder, mania, neuroleptic, typical. The bibliographic sections of articles gleaned from this search were used to direct further inquiries.

Results: Although information regarding the onset of action of antipsychotics is limited, we discovered data for four typical and three atypical antipsychotics. Drugs with the fastest onsets include haloperidol, risperidone, and olanzapine, with onsets appearing in 2–6 days. Chlorpromazine and thiothixene were at the slowest end of the continuum, with onsets of 2 weeks or longer. Data regarding pimozide are mixed, with some studies showing an onset equivalent to that of the 'fast' compounds and others showing one similar to that of the 'slow' compounds.

Conclusions: Choice of therapy should consider not only efficacy and safety, but also onset speed. Atypical antipsychotics appear to offer safer, faster, and more effective therapies.