出血性脑梗死危险因素的Logistic回归分析

目的探讨出血性脑梗死的危险因素。方法根据专业知识确定与出血性脑梗死有关的因素,采用非条件Logistic回归确定危险因素。结果大面积梗死灶、使用抗凝剂或溶栓治疗、糖尿病史是出血性脑梗死的独立危险因素,与年龄、高血压史、高血脂关系不大。结论大面积脑梗死、使用抗凝剂或溶栓、糖尿病患者发生梗死后出血的几率增大,及时行影像学检查可以早期发现。     

出血性脑梗死影响因素分析

目的 探讨出血性脑梗死的影响因素.方法 分析本院2003-05～2005-04收治的78例出血性脑梗死病人的临床资料.结果 脑梗死后出血与脑栓塞、大面积脑梗死、皮层梗死、合并高血糖、溶栓治疗有关.结论 急性脑梗死病人存在大面积脑梗死、皮层梗死、高血糖等危险因素及进行溶栓治疗时,应密切观察病情,及时复查CT或MRI,以早期发现出血性梗死,及时调整治疗方案.     

出血性脑梗死的相关因素分析

目的探讨出血性脑梗死的相关因素。方法回顾性分析本院近8年来收住的925例脑梗死病人的临床资料。结果脑梗死后出血与大面积梗死、合并房颤、皮质梗死相关,且大面积脑梗死是其中最强的危险因素,而与患者的性别、年龄、病前是否长期使用抗血小板药(>半年),病后是否使用抗凝剂、血管扩张剂、抗血小板药,是否合并有高血压、糖尿病、二尖瓣病变,既往有无脑梗死病史无关。结论对大面积脑梗死、合并房颤疑为脑栓塞或皮质梗死病人宜密切动态观察,注意梗死后出血的可能,及时复查头颅CT以调整治疗方案。     

出血性脑梗死36例临床分析

目的：探讨出血性脑梗死患者的临床特点，发病机制及预防策略。方法：回顾性分析36例出血性脑梗死患者的临床资料，结果：大面积梗死患16例，原梗死灶出血20例，梗死后第2周发生出血8例，第一周内发生出血19例，出血性脑梗死中分水岭梗死不少见，并发高血糖者是发生出血性梗死后的一个重要危险因素。出血性脑梗死病例头痛发生率高。注意临床观察，及时复查CT，以利诊断。结论：需溶栓的病例，可先行SPEGT检查进行筛选。再定治疗方案。     

出血性脑梗死的相关危险因素分析

目的探讨出血性脑梗死的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析本院2007-09~2010-08收住的685例脑梗死患者的临床资料。结果出血性脑梗死组患者在大面积梗死、房颤、高血压、高血糖等方面的发生率均高于同期非出血性脑梗死组。结论大面积梗死、房颤、高血压、高血糖等是出血性脑梗死的相关危险因素。     

出血性脑梗死危险因素分析

通过对31例经头颅CT扫描证实的出血性脑梗死患者的回顾性分析，以期获得对该病较全面的认识，从而有利于预防和早期诊断与治疗。本组31例出血性脑梗死中属皮质型9例、血肿型7例、梗死灶内渗血型15例。高龄、高血压、糖尿病、心房纤颤为出血性脑梗死的危险因素，大面积校死易发生出血性病变。     

出血性脑梗死36例临床分析

目的 :探讨出血性脑梗死患者的临床特点 ,发病机制及预防策略。方法 :回顾性分析 3 6例出血性脑梗死患者的临床资料。结果 :大面积梗死者 16例 ,原梗死灶出血 2 0例 ,梗死后第 2周发生出血 8例 ,第一周内发生出血 19例。出血性脑梗死中分水岭梗死不少见 ,并发高血糖者是发生出血性梗死后的一个重要危险因素。出血性脑梗死病例头痛发生率高 ,注意临床观察 ,及时复查CT ,以利诊断。结论 :需溶栓的病例 ,可先行SPECT检查进行筛选 ,再定治疗方案。     

影响急性脑梗死出血性转化的危险因素

目的 探讨急性脑梗死的出血性转化的危险因素。方法 收集2012年1月～2015年1月在湖北省恩施州利川市人民医院神经内科住院的急性脑梗死患者的临床及实验室检查资料,并在入院后10 d内行头颅CT复查,采用多变量logistic回归分析确定出血性转化的独立危险因素。结果 共纳入345例急性脑梗死患者,其中男205例,女140例,101例发生出血性转化。出血性转化组的年龄、脑梗死体积、脑卒中史或TIA史、高血压病、糖尿病、抗凝药和房颤的比例均显著高于非出血性转化组(P<0.05),而2组抗血小板聚集药、他汀类、高脂血症史、吸烟或饮酒史无明显差异(P>0.05)。多变量logistic回归分析显示年龄(OR=1.168,95%,CI=1.059～3.412; P=0.021)、梗死体积(OR=3.461,95%C1=1.317～6.270; P=0.044)和房颤(OR=1.284,95%C1= 1.117～2.903; P=0.015)为出血性转化的独立危险因素。结论 急性脑梗死患者出血性转化的发生率为29.3%,年龄、脑梗死体积和房颤为出血性转化的独立危险因素,绝大多数出血性转化不会加重临床症状,临床症状加重的患者主要是脑实质血肿型。     

急性脑梗死后认知功能障碍的相关危险因素分析

目的观察急性脑梗死后认知功能障碍的危险因素,为早期预防和早期治疗提供依据。方法急性脑梗死290例患者,应用MMSE筛查出入院3d内发生认知功能障碍者,观察急性脑梗死后认知功能障碍的发生率,并对影响其发生的危险因素进行分析。结果急性脑梗死后认知功能障碍的发生率22.9%;年龄、糖尿病史、卒中或TIA史、多发性脑梗死、梗死面积大、左半球梗死为急性脑梗死后认知功能障碍发生的危险因素。结论急性脑梗死后认知功能障碍发生率较高;年龄、卒中或TIA史、糖尿病史、多发性脑梗死体积、梗死面积大、左半球梗死为急性脑梗死后认知功能障碍发生的危险因素。     

出血性脑梗死相关因素的探讨

目的:探讨出血性脑梗死(HI)发病的相关因素、临床特点及发病机制;方法:对365例脑梗死病人进行回顾性分析。分为HI组和NHI组;脑栓塞组和脑血栓形成组;溶栓治疗组和非溶栓治疗组,应用X2检验。结果:HI发生率为14.52％。HI发生率大灶梗死与小灶梗死比较,无显著性差异;大灶梗死与腔隙性梗死比较,有显著性差异;小灶梗死与腔隙性梗死比较,有显著性差异;脑栓塞组与脑血栓形成组比较,有显著性差异;溶栓治疗组与非溶栓治疗组比较,有显著性差异。患者年龄、高血压、高血糖、高血脂等脑梗死常见危险因素,HI组与NHI组无差异。结论:脑栓塞、梗死面积大及溶栓治疗与HI发生密切相关,可示为HI发生的主要危险因素。而患者年龄、高血压、高血糖、高血脂等脑梗死常见危险因素与HI的发生无明显相关性。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

广西农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量状况调查

目的研究农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者的生活质量及影响因素。方法前瞻性的队列研究。采用随机分层抽样法分为农村壮族妇女精神分裂症组、农村汉族妇女精神分裂症组、农村正常妇女对照组,应用“世界卫生组织生存质量测定报告”(WHOQOL-100)及PANSS量表调查其生活质量和疾病的严重程度。结果农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量明显低于农村汉族妇女精神分裂症患者,影响其生活质量的相关因素是生活环境及精神支柱/个人信仰。结论经济贫困、环境条件、缺乏有效的医疗服务和社会保障是农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量低的关键。因此,建立农村壮族社区精神卫生服务网络势在必行。     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

The origins of innervation of the esophagus of the dog

This study defined the origins of extrinsic efferent and afferent innervation of the normal canine esophagus. When all the layers of the wall of the 3 esophageal regions (cervical, thoracic and abdominal) were injected with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), labeled nerve cells were found in the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and parasympathetic nucleus of X (PX) of the brainstem. Most labeled cells in the NA were located in the compact column (retrofacial nucleus) while labeled cells in the PX were located in separate rostral and caudal areas. There was no somatotopic organization in either the NA or PX. Labeled sympathetic postganglionic neurons were found in the cranial cervical, middle cervical, cervicothoracic, thoracic sympathetic trunk and celiacomesenteric ganglia. The HRP injection of the esophageal wall labeled sensory cell bodies in the glossopharyngeal, proximal and distal vagal, and C2-T6 spinal ganglia. There was no discernible pattern of distribution of labeled cells in the autonomic or sensory ganglia. When the HRP injections were confined to the mucosa-submucosa layers of the thoracic esophagus, a small number of labeled cells were identified in the NA; however, no labeled cells were found in the NA when injections were confined to the mucosa-submucosa of either the cervical or abdominal esophageal regions. With these confined injections, the labeled nerve cells appeared in the rostral part of the PX. Thus, it appeared that the internal tunics of the esophagus (i.e., the mucosa and submucosa) were innervated by neurons in the rostral PX while the muscular tunic was innervated by neurons in the caudal PX and the rostral NA. After mucosa-submucosa injections, labeled sympathetic neurons appeared in the same ganglia that were identified after whole wall injections and these had a similar random distribution. These injections also labeled neurons in the glossopharyngeal, proximal vagal, and distal vagal ganglia, but unlike the whole wall injections there was no labeling in the spinal ganglia. This suggested that the labeled cells of the spinal ganglia seen after whole wall injections conveyed impulses from the tunica muscularis and serosa.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.