2016年度某三级甲等综合医院精神科会诊的心内科住院患者资料分析北大核心CSCD

目的 了解综合医院心内科住院患者的精神科联络会诊特点.方法 通过电子病历系统收集某三甲综合医院2016年1月1日至12月31日精神科会诊的心内科住院患者资料,共222例.采用SPSS 16.0统计学软件对会诊率、会诊原因、精神科诊断、干预建议、出院后门诊复诊比例等数据进行分析,影响因素分析采用Logistic回归分析.结果 2016年心内科为全院邀请精神科会诊最多的科室.心内科住院患者精神科会诊的比例为5.8％（237/4 097）.会诊中最常见的原因为难以解释或治疗效果不佳的躯体症状（29.7％,66/222）、焦虑症状的治疗（17.6％,39/222）、既往有焦虑或抑郁障碍病史（11.3％,25/222）、睡眠问题的治疗（10.8％,24/222）.精神科诊断为焦虑障碍（51.8％,115/222）、抑郁障碍（13.5％,30/222）、睡眠障碍（6.8％,15/222）、应激反应与适应障碍（5.4％,12/222）的患者比例较高.精神科的主要处理意见包括抗抑郁药（48.2％,107/222）、苯二氮革类药（41.9％,93/222）、生活方式调整（9.5％,21/222）、非苯二氮革类睡眠药（7.7％,17/222）.出院后在精神科门诊复诊比例为7.8％（17/217）,主要影响因素为出院带药是否有精神科相关药物[OR=4.356,95％CI（1.148～16.535）,P=0.031]、出院医嘱中是否有建议精神科复诊的内容[OR=4.888,95％CI（1.566～15.253）,P=0.006].结论 综合医院心内科住院患者对精神科会诊需求突出,其中以焦虑障碍最为常见,患者出院后精神科门诊复诊率低.     

某综合医院168例老年住院患者精神科会诊-联络资料分析

目的 了解综合医院老年患者精神(心理)服务需求的特点.方法 选取2010年1月～2012年12月某综合医院老年精神科会诊的168例患者,对其社会人口学资料、会诊科室、会诊原因、精神科诊断及治疗等进行分析.结果 在申请会诊的各科室中,前三位分别为神经内科(34.5％)、呼吸内科(19.1％)、高干病房(10.1％);常见会诊原因依次为以谵妄为主的意识障碍(20.8％)、躯体不适(19.6％)、焦虑抑郁(17.9％)、睡眠障碍(11.9％);会诊常见诊断主要为脑器质性精神障碍(34.5％);处理方式主要包括药物治疗及心理治疗等.结论 综合医院老年患者对精神(心理)服务需求大,精神科会诊联络服务有助于住院老年患者全面诊断和治疗.     

急诊科住院患者抑郁、焦虑症状与生命质量的评估

目的：了解综合医院急诊科住院的躯体疾病患者抑郁、焦虑症状的检出率以及生命质量。方法：总共评估某综合医院急诊科住院的躯体疾病患者278例,意识清楚,自愿合作并完成调查,采用的调查工具包括综合医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADs）、总体健康自评问卷（GHQ-12）、健康状况调查问卷（SF-36）。结果：以HADs评分≥8分者为阳性,抑郁症状阳性者比例为29.9%（n=83）,焦虑症状阳性者比例为25.5%（n=71）;以≥11分为肯定者,肯定有抑郁症状群为12.6%（n=35）,肯定有焦虑症状群7.6%（n=21）。以GHQ-12≥4分者为划界分,可能存在心理障碍者比例为36.3%。SF-36的多个维度分值明显低于正常人群常模。多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、性别、合并有抑郁、焦虑症状、就诊次数与SF-36分值显著相关,提示抑郁焦虑症状越严重,生命质量越低。结论：综合医院的急诊科躯体疾病住院患者频繁罹患抑郁、焦虑症状,抑郁焦虑症状群影响患者生命质量。     

综合医院住院患者精神科会诊及随访研究

目的了解综合医院精神科会诊住院患者的症状变化。方法调查复旦大学附属中山医院2003年6月至12月所有精神科会诊的住院患者,根据《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准-第3版》 (CCMD-3)进行诊断并作相应处理,评定汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、总体评定量表(GAS)、临床疗效总评量表(CGI),并在会诊后第3天和第7天随访重复量表评定。结果共计136名患者请精神科会诊,诊断以器质性精神障碍最多,为24．2％。第7天随访时,患者 HAMD和HAMA的均分明显降低,差别有统计学显著性差异,总体功能显著改善。结论精神科会诊有助于改善患者的精神症状。     

综合医院内精神科会诊的回顾性分析

目的探讨联络精神病学在综合医院中的作用。方法回顾性分析３年内综合医院精神科向非精神科３１０例患者提供的４１１次会诊。结果总会诊率０．６％，其中５９．０３％的患者来自内科；会诊后的诊断主要为器质性疾病所致精神障碍（３６．５％）、神经症（３２．９％）、精神分裂症和情感性精神障碍（共１０６％）；会诊医嘱执行率达９８．１％；精神科问题经会诊处理后的总有效率达８９．２％。结论综合医院内精神科会诊可及时发现和治疗精神障碍，并拓展精神病学业务     

原发性高血压患者的心理健康状况及应对方式调查

目的了解原发性高血压患者的心理健康状况以及应对方式,为原发性高血压的心理社会干预提供理论依据。方法采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）及医学应对问卷（MC—MQ）对50例原发性高血压患者进行调查,统计焦虑及抑郁症状发生率及与应对方式的关系。结果原发性高血压患者中焦虑症状发生率为18％,抑郁症状发生率为50％,同时存在焦虑及抑郁症状者为10％;焦虑症状与应对方式无显著相关（t=0．78;1．06和0．14,P〉0．05）,抑郁症状与面对应对方式呈正相关（t=2．96,P〈0．05）,与屈服应对方式呈负相关（t=2．20,P〈0．05）。结论原发性高血压患者的焦虑及抑郁发生率较高,焦虑症状与应对方式无显著相关,而伴发抑郁症状的高血压患者较无抑郁症状的患者更少采用面对应对方式,更多采取屈服应对方式。     

综合医院住院患者焦虑与抑郁症状调查

目的：调查综合医院中住院患者焦虑抑郁症状的时点发生比率及在不同科室病种的分布情况。方法：采用综合医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)，在2003年4月的同一天对综合医院的14个科室中的320例住院患者进行调查。结果：近1／3的患者出现焦虑或抑郁负性情绪；出现焦虑症状阳性者占被调查群体的35．0％，出现抑郁症状阳性者占32．2％，内科患者无论是焦虑和抑郁分，还是出现的焦虑症状和抑郁症状，均显著高于外科患者。焦虑和抑郁症状的发生与患者的年龄密切相关，即随着年龄的增大，其发生率呈增加趋势。结论：综合医院中住院患者的焦虑、抑郁反应是值得重视的现象，应处理这些负性情绪。     

内科住院病人精神科会诊213例分析

目的：探讨综合医院内科住院病人精神科会诊的现状。方法：对我院近3年来213例内科住院病人申请科学会诊的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：近3年来内科申请精神科会诊的 病例数逐年上升。申请会诊的科室,以神经内科最多,其次为心血管内科、呼吸内科、内分泌科和消化内科,会诊后精神科疾病以器质性精神障碍居多（46．4％）,其次为神经症（32．4％）及精神分裂症（7．0％）。申请会诊的病人中40例（18．8％）转入精神科治疗。结论：内科住院病人常伴发精神障碍,并有逐年增加的趋势,对普通内科医师加强精神科专业知识的培训,将有利于患有各类精神障碍的病人得到及时妥善的治疗。     

综合医院精神心理科会诊患者特点分析

目的 了解综合医院精神心理科联络会诊的原因、患者的科室分布、病种构成及处理情况,以更好地指导精神心理科医生的联络会诊工作,为进一步完善会诊精神医学在综合医院内的发展提供参考.方法 本研究采用回顾性方法复习综合医院住院患者的精神科会诊情况,分析在现代医学模式下综合医院的患者对精神卫生服务需求的特点,汇总2012年1月-2013年12月精神心理科联络会诊病历,资料完整者共612例,对一般人口资料、各科会诊人数及病种构成、会诊原因、诊断、处理构成等情况进行描述分析.结果 全部临床科室都有邀请精神心理科会诊,比例最高的科室前5位为：神经内科113例（18.5％）、心血管内科83例（13.6％）、消化内科69例（11.3％）、干部科56例（9.2％）、急诊科52例（8.5％）.病种主要为神经症性、应激相关的及躯体形式障碍151例（24.7％）,心境障碍139例（22.7％）,器质性精神障碍108例（17.6％）,伴有生理紊乱和躯体因素的行为综合征84例（13.7％）;精神科用药以SSRIs类药物、非典型抗精神病药物及苯二氮革类应用较多.结论 综合性医院各科存在较多的精神医学问题,住院患者伴发的精神障碍涉及各类疾病,综合医院就诊的患者精神心理障碍应引起重视,精神科会诊联络非常重要,可以提高临床各科医师对精神障碍的认识,减少或消除人们对精神科会诊的顾虑与不信任,提高会诊效率,治疗躯体疾病的同时应及时使用心理和药物等多种干预手段,使患者得到全面康复,从而提高患者的生命质量.     

综合医院住院患者抑郁障碍患病率调查

目的调查综合医院住院患者抑郁障碍的现患率及其在不同科室的分布情况。方法首先采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）对2007年5月在某综合医院不同科室住院的863例患者进行调查,然后对筛选有抑郁者和20％的无抑郁者采用美国《精神障碍诊断与统计手册第四版》DSM—IV轴I障碍定式临床检查（SCID—I／P）作为金标准进行抑郁障碍的诊断。结果综合医院住院患者各种抑郁障碍现患率为39．24％,重性抑郁障碍现患率为4．78％、抑郁障碍者中以女性、年龄大者、经济状况差、文化程度低、住院时间长、既往有躯体疾病史及复发情况者居多（x2=37．932,12．447,22．490,19．670,37．932,12．447,22．490,19．670;P均〈0．01）。综合医院医生识别率仅为2．88％。结论综合医院住院患者抑郁障碍患病率高;医生识别率低;女性、年龄大者、经济状况差、文化程度低、住院时间长、既往有躯体疾病史及复发者是抑郁障碍患病的高危人群。     

Adjunctive valproic acid for delirium and/or agitation on a consultation-liaison service: a report of six cases

The authors present six cases in which valproate was used in patients seen by a consultation-liaison service (CLS) to manage delirium and/or psychotic agitation. The intravenous (IV) preparation (Depacon, Abbott Laboratories) was used in two nothing by mouth (NPO) patients, while the liquid oral preparation (Depakene, Abbott Laboratories) was used via nasogastric tube (NGT) in the other patients. All of these cases had suboptimal responses and/or concerning side effects from conventional therapy with benzodiazepines and/or antipsychotics. In all six cases, the CLS use of valproic acid combined with conventional antidelirium medications resulted in improved control of behavioral symptoms without significant side effects from valproic acid. Consultation-liaison psychiatrists should consider the addition of valproic acid to control behavioral symptoms of delirium when conventional therapy is inadequate. This may be especially advisable when problematic side effects result from more conventional psychopharmacological management. Specifically, intravenous valproate sodium may be a viable option for NPO patients.     

Altered neurodevelopment associated with mutations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">RSK2</Emphasis>: a morphometric MRI study of Coffin–Lowry syndrome

Coffin–Lowry syndrome (CLS) is a rare form of X-linked mental retardation caused by mutations of the RSK2 gene, associated with cognitive impairment and skeletal malformations. We conducted the first morphometric study of CLS brain morphology by comparing brain volumes from two CLS families with healthy controls. Individuals with CLS consistently showed markedly reduced total brain volume. Cerebellum and hippocampus volumes were particularly impacted by CLS and may be associated with specific interfamilial RSK2 mutations. We provide preliminary evidence that the magnitude of hippocampus volume deviation from that of controls may predict general cognitive outcome in CLS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Expansion of the consultation-liaison psychiatry paradigm at a university medical center: integration of diversified clinical and funding models

The perspective of the contemporary Consultation-Liason Service (CLS) psychiatrist is increasingly one of consultant to medical and surgical colleagues in models other than inpatient medical and surgical units. Simultaneously, the need for a clinically and educationally robust inpatient CLS persists despite funding pressures. The University of California, Davis Medical Center Department of Psychiatry has made use of creative organizational and financial models to accomplish the inpatient CLS clinical and educational missions in a fiscally responsible manner. In addition, the department has in recent years expanded the delivery of psychiatry consultation-liaison clinical and educational services to other models of care delivery, broadening the role and influence of the CLS. Several of the initiatives described in this paper parallel an overall evolution of the practice of consultation-liaison psychiatry in response to managed care influences and other systems pressures. This consultation-liaison paradigm expansion with diversified sources of funding support facilitates the development of consultation-liaison psychiatry along additional clinical, administrative, research, and educational dimensions. Other university medical centers may consider adaptation of some of the initiatives described here to their institutions.     

Cloverleaf skull and multiple congenital anomalies in a girl exposed to cocaine in utero: case report and review of the literature

The case of a girl with cloverleaf skull (CLS) and multiple congenital anomalies is reported. Both parents have a history of drug use. Maternal cocaine abuse during the first trimester of pregnancy was obvious, and other drugs, such as marihuana and alcohol, were also taken by the mother. Many central nervous system malformations have been reported in association with cocaine abuse, the most severe being midline defects and neural tube defects. To our knowledge this is the first case reported of CLS anomaly associated with drug exposure. We also describe other anomalies not previously reported in association with CLS. Received: 28 May 1998     

Tuberculous myelopathy: current aspects of neurologic sequels in the southeast of Iran

OBJECTIVE: The spinal cord may be affected in different ways in the course of tuberculous infection. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiologic features, clinical manifestations, pathophysiologic mechanisms, neurologic sequels, and treatment outcomes of tuberculous myelopathy in the southeast of Iran in which the disease is endemic. METHOD: A retrospective study was scheduled. All cases of tuberculous myelopathy treated in our hospital over the last 7 years were reviewed. Only those with histologic or microbiologic confirmation or those who responded to antituberculous therapy were included. RESULTS: During a 7-year period, 43 cases of tuberculous myelopathy were found. The most frequent clinical manifestations were backache (86%) and fever (67%). Twenty patients were paraparetic or paraplegic and 40% had kyphosis. Imaging studies revealed thoracic and/or lumbar spine involvement in 92% of patients with tuberculous spondylitis. Fifteen, five and two patients had sensorimotor spinal cord syndrome, radiculomyelitis and intramedullary syringomyelic syndrome, respectively. Forty-seven percent required surgical intervention. There was improvement in 81% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Different pathophysiologic mechanisms acted on the clinical manifestations of spinal neurotuberculosis. A good outcome is expected if the diagnosis is made in the early stages before the appearance of spinal deformity and neurologic deficits.     

Clinical epidemiology in patients admitted at Mathari Psychiatric Hospital,Nairobi, Kenya

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of types and co-morbidities of disorders seen in any facility is useful for clinical practice and planning for services. AIM: To study the pattern of co-morbidities of and correlations between psychiatric disorders in in-patients of Mathari Hospital, the premier psychiatric hospital in Kenya. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. METHODS: All the patients who were admitted at Mathari Hospital in June 2004 and were well enough to participate in the study were approached for informed consent. Trained psychiatric charge nurses interviewed them using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders Clinical Version (SCID-I). Information on their socio-demographic profiles and hospital diagnoses was extracted from their clinical notes using a structured format. RESULTS: Six hundred and ninety-one patients participated in the study. Sixty-three percent were male. More than three quarters (78%) of the patients were aged between 21 and 45 years. More than half (59.5%) of the males and slightly less than half (49.4%) of the females were single. All the patients were predominantly of the Christian faith. Over 85% were dependants of another family member and the remainder were heads of households who supported their own families. Schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder, psychosis, substance use disorder and schizo-affective disorder were the most common hospital and differential diagnoses. Of the anxiety disorders, only three patients were under treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Nearly a quarter (24.6%) of the patients were currently admitted for a similar previous diagnosis. Schizophrenia was the most frequent DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fourth edition) diagnosis (51%), followed by bipolar I disorder (42.3%), substance use disorder (34.4%) and major depressive illness (24.6%). Suicidal features were common in the depressive group, with 14.7% of this group reporting a suicidal attempt. All DSM-IV anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorders, were highly prevalent although, with the exception of three cases of PTSD, none of these anxiety disorders were diagnosed clinically. Traumatic events were reported in 33.3% of the patients. These were multiple and mainly violent events. Despite the multiplicity of these events, only 7.4% of the patients had a PTSD diagnosis in a previous admission while 4% were currently diagnosed with PTSD. The number of DSM-IV diagnoses was more than the total number of patients, suggesting co-morbidity, which was confirmed by significant 2-tailed correlation tests. CONCLUSION: DSM-IV substance use disorders, major psychiatric disorders and anxiety disorders were prevalent and co-morbid. However, anxiety disorders were hardly diagnosed and therefore not managed. Suicidal symptoms were common. These results call for more inclusive clinical diagnostic practice. Standardized clinical practice using a diagnostic tool on routine basis will go a long way in ensuring that no DSM-IV diagnosis is missed. This will improve clinical management of patients and documentation.     

现代电休克治疗在老年抑郁症中的应用

目的：了解现代电休克治疗(MECT)在老年抑郁症的临床应用情况。方法：对象为1999年1月—2001年9月间的住院老年患者(≥60岁)，符合CCMD—2—R抑郁症诊断标准，共131例，合并应用MECT为研究组(71例)，未合并MECT为对照组(60例)，按自行设计的调查表对两组病历资料进行回顾性分析。结果：MECT组病情较对照组显著较重，但住院天数显著较少。结论：MECT能缩短老年抑郁症患者的住院病程。     

Characteristics of Devic's disease (neuromyelitis optica) in Mexico

OBJECTIVE: To report clinical and epidemiological data of Devic's disease in Mexico. DESIGN : Retrospective study of hospital case records. SETTING: The medical records were those of the National Institute for Neurology and Neurosurgery (INNN), a tertiary care referral center in Mexico City. PATIENTS: There were 424 medical histories available for review among 561 discharges with diagnoses of multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), or equivalents. 390 met the diagnostic criteria of MS and 34 the NMO criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We recorded clinical signs, visual acuities, and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at the initial diagnostic admission and during follow-up. All patients had examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at diagnosis; head and spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed at diagnosis and at follow-up. RESULTS: All 34 patients were Mexican Mestizos, who comprise 79 % of the residents of Mexico City. There were 23 monophasic and 11 relapsing cases. Intervals between initial and defining events for the 8 ON and 12 myelitis onsets were 17 and 24 months (means) and 15 and 17 months (medians), respectively. Mean follow- up from onset was 70.2 months and 42.9 months from diagnostic examination. No patient showed improvement in EDSS scores. Visual loss was severe. CONCLUSION: A provisional prevalence rate of about 1 per 100,000 population for NMO in Mexican Mestizos might be offered. The disease seems more severe in our population than in other recent series.