住院脑卒中主要照顾者照顾积极感受及影响因素

目的探讨住院脑卒中主要照顾者照顾积极感受现状及影响因素。方法 2013-08—12选择平顶山市某三级综合医院260例脑卒中主要照顾者,使用照顾者积极感受量表(positive aspects of caregiving,PAC)、脑卒中患者及主要照顾者一般资料进行调查。结果自我肯定(25.46±4.43)分,展望(13.04±2.57)分,积极感受总分(38.50±6.8)分。多元逐步回归显示,家庭月收入、婚姻状况、是否与患者同住、自觉健康状况是照顾者积极感受影响因素,可解释51.2%的总变异量。结论脑卒中主要照顾者照顾积极感受存在,且为中等偏上水平;临床工作者应结合其影响因素给予针对性支持,以提高主要照顾者心理健康及生活质量水平。     

住院脑卒中患者主要照顾者照顾负担与积极感受的相关性研究

目的：调查住院脑卒中患者主要照顾者照顾负担和积极感受的现状,并探讨两者之间的关系。方法应用Zarit照顾者负担量表和照顾者积极感受量表,将260例住院脑卒中患者的主要照顾者作为研究对象进行调查。结果260例住院脑卒中患者的主要照顾者的照顾负担为轻、中度,积极感受为中等偏高水平,责任负担与生活展望呈显著负相关,照顾负担总分与积极感受总分呈负相关。结论医护人员应对住院脑卒中患者的主要照顾者的照顾负担进行个体化干预,以减轻照顾负担,提高其个人积极感受,最终提高生活质量。     

不同性别脑卒中照顾者照顾负担分析

目的了解不同性别脑卒中照顾者关于照顾负担的感受状况,为建立合理的长期照护体系提供科学依据。方法采取便利抽样法,抽取212例脑卒中患者的主要照顾者进行面对面问卷调查。结果男性和女性照顾者在照顾负担平均得分分别为(38.49±5.163)分和(42.46±7.409)分,均处于中等水平,在"时间依赖性负担""发展受限性负担""身体性负担""社交性负担""情感性负担"方面差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,文化程度、照顾时间是影响男性照顾者负担得分的主要因素;文化程度、照顾时间和婚姻状态是影响女性照顾者负担得分的主要因素。结论应重视加强对教育程度低、照顾时间长的中老年人群和已婚女性的支持力度,倡导男女分工协作,促进患者早日康复。     

住院脑卒中患者照顾者照顾负担与照顾行为调查

目的了解脑卒中照顾者照顾负担的现状并分析其影响因素。方法采取便利抽样法,抽取105例脑卒中患者的家庭照顾者进行面对面问卷调查。结果脑卒中照顾者的照顾负担平均得分为(40.50±6.96)分,照顾行为则为(42.79±7.23)分,二者均处于中等水平;多元线性回归分析显示,性别、照顾行为是影响家庭照顾者照顾负担得分的主要因素。结论应重视对脑卒中照顾者照顾知识及心理调节的指导,尤其应加强对女性和照顾行为较差照顾者的心理状态评估,提高照顾者生活质量,促进患者早日康复。     

脑卒中患者主要照顾者创伤后成长水平与社会支持的相关性研究

目的：了解脑卒中患者主要照顾者的创伤后成长水平与社会支持现状，探讨其创伤后成长水平与社会支持的相关性。方法：选择福建医科大学附属第二医院神经内科收治的处于急性期或病情稳定期以及多次发作的脑卒中患者的主要照顾者作为调查对象，采用创伤后成长评定量表和领悟社会支持量表进行问卷调查。结果：脑卒中患者主要照顾者创伤后成长评定量表及领悟社会支持量表的平均评分分别为(70.15±5.31)分和(53.32±6.18)分，均不受性别的影响。脑卒中患者主要照顾者的创伤后成长评定量表评分与领悟社会支持量表评分、家庭内源性支持和家庭外源性支持呈正相关(r=0.446，r=0.292，r=0.572；P均0.05)。结论：脑卒中患者主要照顾者创伤后成长属于高等水平，社会支持属于中等水平，其创伤后成长水平与社会支持程度呈正相关。     

住院脑卒中患者主要照顾者积极感受与应对方式的相关性

目的调查住院脑卒中患者主要照顾者积极感受与应对方式的现状,探讨两者之间的关系。方法应用照顾者积极感受量表和简易应对方式量表对209例住院脑卒中患者的主要照顾者进行调查。结果 209例住院脑卒中患者的主要照顾者主要采取积极应对方式,积极应对与自我肯定呈显著正相关,消极应对与生活展望呈负相关。结论医护人员应对住院脑卒中患者的主要照顾者的积极感受进行个体化干预,以提高个人积极感受,增强其应对方式能力,最终提高生活质量。     

应对方式对肺癌家庭照顾者照顾负担的影响

目的:分析应对方式对新近确诊肺癌患者家庭照顾者照顾负担的影响。方法:采集127例肺癌患者及127名各自家庭照顾者的一般和临床信息;并对家庭照顾者进行简易应对量表(BCS)、照护者负担量表(CBI)评估;分析应对方式与照顾负担的关系。结果:入组的肺癌家庭照顾者CBI总分为(36.39±13.89)分;IV期肺癌患者的家庭照顾者CBI评分明显高于I～III期患者的家庭照顾者(P0.01)。Pearson相关分析显示,CBI总分与BCS中的自责(r=0.23,P0.01)、逃避(r=0.42,P0.01)、转移注意力评分(r=0.30,P0.05)以及肺癌患者的临床分期(r=0.44,P0.01)呈正相关,与BCS中的问题解决评分(r=-0.29,P0.01)呈负相关;以上述5个变量构建回归模型(调整后R~2=0.404,P0.01)结果显示均对照顾者负担存在影响(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:应对方式及肺癌患者的临床分期是家庭照顾者照顾负担的影响因素。     

老年脑卒中患者配偶照顾者照顾行为现状及影响因素分析

目的：基于自我管理模式评估老年脑卒中患者配偶照顾者的照顾行为，了解其照顾行为现状及相关影响因素。方法采用自制照顾行为评估问卷对78例脑卒中患者配偶照顾者进行问卷调查。结果配偶照顾者疾病自我管理相关照顾行为得分26.74±3.78，处于低等水平。配偶年龄、照顾年限是影响其照顾行为的主要因素（P＜0.05）。结论医院及相关部门需给予配偶照顾者相关的教育和指导，改善其照顾行为，提高其照顾水平，进而改善脑卒中患者的康复效果，使其早日回归社会。     

脑卒中后遗症患者主要家庭照顾者照顾需求的研究

目的探讨脑卒中后遗症患者其主要家庭照顾者的照顾需求情况,并分析其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,抽取115例脑卒中后遗症患者其主要家庭照顾者进行问卷调查。结果脑卒中后遗症患者主要家庭照顾者照顾需求得分处于中等水平(57.04±5.85),其中照顾需求最高的为康复训练,其次为疾病管理,照顾者文化程度、是否伴慢性病及患者生活自理能力是主要家庭照顾者照顾需求的影响因素。结论脑卒中后遗症患者主要家庭照顾者对于康复训练及疾病管理方面存在较高的需求,医务人员应当加强相关方面的指导与教育,同时推进延续性护理的发展,以保证脑卒中后遗症患者及其主要家庭照顾者在医院或家庭均能够得到持续的个体化护理指导和健康教育。     

焦点解决短期团体干预对脑瘫患儿主要照顾者创伤后应激障碍、自我感受负担及创伤后成长的影响

目的 探讨焦点解决短期团体干预对脑瘫患儿的主要照顾者自我感受负担、创伤后应激障碍及创伤后成长的影响.方法 选取郑州大学第三附属医院儿童康复科2018年1月～2020年12月住院期间103例脑瘫患儿的主要照顾者为研究对象,采用信封法将患儿照顾者分为两组,对照组51例给予常规干预方式,观察组52例采用焦点解决短期团体干预方式,对比两组脑瘫患儿照顾者创伤后应激障碍症状、创伤后成长、自我感受负担.结果 干预后观察组创伤后应激障碍平民版量表(PCL-C)总分、警觉增高、回避症状、反复重现反应、自我感受负担量表总分、照护体力负担、经济负担、情感负担、家庭负担、社会负担、心理负担评分均低于对照组(P＜0.05),中文版创伤后成长量表(PTGI)总分、人际关系、新的可能性、个人力量、精神变化和欣赏生活评分高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 焦点解决短期团体干预可以有效降低脑瘫患者主要照顾者自我感受负担和创伤后应激障碍,促进其创伤后成长.     

Exploring the burden of the primary family caregivers of schizophrenia patients in Taiwan

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the burden of the primary family caregivers of schizophrenia patients and the factors that affect caregiver burden. Methods: A total of 126 pairs of patients and their primary family caregivers were recruited from the day care and acute wards of two teaching general hospitals. Demographic information was collected. All patients went through an interview with a senior psychiatrist using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). The Caregiver Burden Inventory–Brief Version and the Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ) were used to assess the caregiver burden and the caregivers' health condition. One‐way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the relationship between demographic factors and caregiver burden. Multiple regression was used to analyze predictors of burden of caregivers. Statistical significance in this study was defined as P ≤ 0.05. Results: The caregiver burden scores (25.9 ± 10.7; range, 3–61) indicated a moderate burden level. Among the five dimensions of burden, caregiver anxiety (2.13 ± 0.86) was the highest, followed by dependency of the patient (1.85 ± 1.02), feeling shame and guilt (1.56 ± 1.02), and family interference (1.43 ± 0.83). The burden level of stigmata (1.32 ± 1.24) was the lowest. The first three rankings of burden were ‘I worry about his/her safety when he/she is alone’ (2.26 ± 1.15), ‘I worry that she/he will become sick at any time’ (2.23 ± 1.10), and ‘I feel he/she depends on me very much’ (2.02 ± 1.29). Patient satisfaction with medical staff support (P = 0.00), CHQ scores of the caregivers (P = 0.00), and the BPRS scores of the patients (P = 0.01) were significantly associated with the caregiver burden scores. Conclusions: The physical and mental health condition of the primary family caregiver of schizophrenia patients was the most important factor determining the caregiver burden level. Comprehensive multidisciplinary care of chronic schizophrenia patients is needed, care that supports the needs and improves the psychiatric symptoms of the patients, helps to decrease the caregiver burden level, and facilitates family participation in treatment.     

Burden,perceived health status,and mood among caregivers of Parkinson's disease patients

The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics of the caregivers of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to analyze the association between these characteristics and caregiver burden, perceived health and mood status, and identify their predictors. A multicenter, nationwide, observational, cross‐sectional study that included 289 patient–caregiver pairs was conducted. Caregiver self‐assessments were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), EuroQol (EQ), and Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory (ZCBI). Most caregivers in the study were women aged 60 years or thereabouts. Over two thirds were gainfully employed or housewives, 75% were patients' spouses, and the majority (96.5%) had been permanently taking care of the patient for 6 ± 5.4 years. Less than 5% of patients were in the most advanced stages of disease, and direct costs were 6,350 euros per patient per year. Caregivers had more mood disorders and worse health‐related quality of life (HRQol; EQ‐Tariff) than did the general population. Caregiver HADS and EuroQol scores displayed a weak correlation (r_S = 0.01–0.28) with patient‐related variables (disease duration, HY, SCOPA‐Motor, SCOPA‐AUT, HADS, PPRS, and CISI‐PD) whereas the ZCBI correlated moderately (r_S = 0.27–0.47). Among caregivers, the EQ‐Tariff was significantly lower and the HADS‐Anxiety scores significantly higher for women. ZCBI and HADS‐depression, though not EuroQol and HADS‐anxiety, scores significantly increased with increasing PD severity levels. Caregivers' affective status proved the most important factor influencing their burden and perceived health, whereas patient‐related variables influenced caregiver burden and mood but not health status. In PD, prevalence of affective disorders among patients' caregivers is high and influences both burden and HRQoL. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society     

Caregivers' assessments of preference-based quality of life in Alzheimer's disease

BackgroundThis study was designed to evaluate the feasibility, reliability, and validity of use of caregivers' ratings of two health preference measures as outcomes for cost-effectiveness analyses in persons with very mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsCaregivers completed ratings of preference for AD patients' health by use of the EuroQol-5D system (EQ-5D) and the Health Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI2). They also rated patients' cognition, mood, burden, AD-specific and generic health-related quality of life (QOL), and activities of daily living.ResultsCaregivers' HUI2 scores were reliable. Neither the caregiver ratings of the patients' health by use of the EQ-5D nor the HUI2 had a relationship with severity of cognitive impairment. Both the EQ-5D and the HUI2 had expected relationships with caregivers' assessments of patients' function, AD-specific QOL, and physical and mental health and selected subscales of the measures of AD-specific QOL and overall health. In addition, caregiver scores showed relationships with patient self-rated function, mood, and physical health but not AD-specific QOL. Caregiver burden was associated with caregivers' scores.ConclusionsCaregiver-completed ratings of preference for patients' health made by use of the EQ-5D and the HUI2 have many of the characteristics of valid preference measures. However, the lack of association with patient Mini-Mental Status Exam scores and patient self-rated AD-specific QOL and the associations with caregiver subjective burden might present limitations to their use as proxy measures for cost-effectiveness analyses.     

Effect of deep brain stimulation on caregivers of patients with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review

BackgroundCaregivers of patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) often provide important support in the pre- and postoperative phase of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). DBS-associated changes of patient-functioning may affect caregiver wellbeing and impact the support system. Factors influencing caregiver-wellbeing under these circumstances are incompletely known.Objectiveto systematically review studies of sufficient methodological quality on the impact of DBS on caregivers of PD patients.Methodsusing PRISMA guidelines, major databases were searched up to May 2020. Five subcategories were identified: Caregiver burden, Caregiver cognitive and psychiatric functioning, Caregiver Quality of Life (QoL), Marital Satisfaction/Conflicts, and Caregiver Satisfaction. Quality was assessed using an in-house checklist.Results293 studies were identified; 12 were ultimately included. Caregiver burden, psychiatric and cognitive functioning and QoL remained relatively unchanged. Results on marital satisfaction/conflicts were contrasting: an increase in marital conflicts despite improved relationship quality scores DBS. Caregiver satisfaction with surgery was low with 50–58% of caregivers being disappointed with DBS outcomes. Concerning caregiver related factors: a higher preoperative caregiver QoL, younger age, lower scores on psychiatric rating scales, and more favourable preoperative relationship quality scores, were associated with better caregiver wellbeing. A favourable patient-profile includes younger age and age-at-onset, shorter disease duration, lower medication requirements, and lower scores on psychiatric rating scales.ConclusionAlthough most patient- and caregiver-related subdomains remained unchanged after DBS, dissatisfaction among caregivers and marital problems may constitute a large risk for a well-functioning patient-caregiver dyad. Early recognition of potential problem situations may improve post-DBS care for both patients and caregivers.     

Burden felt by family caring for the elderly members needing care in southern Japan

The objective of this study was to adapt the Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI) in a different sample in Japan for cross-validation; and to investigate significant correlates of heavy caregiver burden. A questionnaire survey was used and patients' examination of 45 pairs of caregivers and 'the elderly in need of care' (Yokaigo rojin) who received regular nurse visits from a practice nurse clinic, which was located in Onga County, in southern Japan.The Japanese version of the ZBI had high internal consistency when applied to a different sample in Japan. A logistic regression analysis revealed the following findings. First, those who looked after the elderly in need of care with more than two behavioral disturbances were more likely to feel 'heavier' caregiver burden (OR = 4.75, CI = 1.45-15.54, p = 0.01). Second, those who looked after the the elderly in need of care with totally dependent ADL felt less caregiver burden than those looking after the elderly who were partially limited in ADL (OR = 0.40, CI = 0.16-0.98, p = 0.04). In conclusion, the Japanese ZBI was cross-validated in a different sample in Japan; and partial limitations in ADL and behavioral disturbances are found to be risk factors for caregivers' feelings of heavy burden.     

Caregiver expressed emotion and depression in Alzheimer's disease

Expressed Emotion (EE) has been a useful construct for understanding the relationship between family interactions and depression in patients with psychiatric disorders. It has not, however, been well studied in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their caregivers despite its potential utility in clarifying patient-caregiver interactions and how such interactions may affect patient function, and caregiver burden, mood and quality of care. This study investigated the rate of EE in caregivers of patients with AD and depression. It also investigated the relationship of caregiver EE to patient status and caregiver burden and depression. Fifty-seven AD patient-caregiver dyads were studied in a cross-sectional design. Caregiver measures included the EE Speech Sample, Burden Inventory, and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale. Patient measures included the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Record of Independent Living, and Revised Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist. Twenty-three (40%) caregivers were high in EE, 34 (60%) were low. This percentage is higher than reported in normal older adults but is consistent with other psychiatric populations. High EE caregivers were significantly more likely to be clinically depressed and have higher levels of burden. They also endorsed fewer positive aspects of caregiving. No relationship was found between caregiver EE status and patient variables. Caregiver EE offers a novel approach to understanding important aspects of caregiver-patient interactions which may impact long term patient functioning and caregivers' ability to provide effective care.     

Eating disorders: Predictors of change in the quality of life of caregivers

Eating disorders (EDs) have a strong impact on the quality of life (QoL) of caregivers. This study explores the longitudinal changes in the QoL of ED caregivers at 1 (T1; n=109) and 2 years (T2; n=32) follow-up, and identifies predictors of improvement at 1-year follow-up. ED outpatients also completed a battery of tests at T1 (n=69) and T2 (n=11). Multivariate hierarchical linear mixed models were used, in which the caregivers' 1-year changes in QoL, anxiety and depression scores were analysed as the dependent variables. Predictor variables were the caregivers' perception of burden, perception of the severity of the patient's ED, kinship data, and the ED person's scores on QoL, anxiety depression and ED symptoms. Higher scores in mental health and low perception of burden at baseline predicted improved caregiver QoL at 1-year follow-up. The caregivers' QoL improved if the perception of burden decreased over time and if depression of the patient improved. The results suggest that interventions directed to reduce the caregivers' perception of burden and to improve the mental health of the ED patients would lead to improved caregiver QoL. The high attrition rate at T2 made prediction analyses unviable.     

Caregiver Burden Varies by Sensory Subtypes and Sensory Dimension Scores of Children with Autism

Understanding characteristics associated with burden in caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is critical due to negative health consequences. We explored the association between child sensory subtype, sensory dimension scores, and caregiver burden. A national survey of caregivers of children with ASD aged 5–13 years was conducted (n?=?367). The relationship between variables of interest and indicators of caregiver burden, including health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and caregiver strain, was examined with canonical correlation analyses. Caregiver strain was, but caregiver HRQOL was not, significantly associated with child sensory subtype and sensory dimension scores. Caregiver age, child age, and household income were also associated with caregiver strain. Potential explanatory mechanisms for these findings, derived from published qualitative studies, are discussed.     

Impact of donepezil hydrochloride on the care burden of family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease

Background: To evaluate the impact of donepezil hydrochloride on the care burden on family members of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). At present, donepezil is the only drug approved for the treatment of AD in Japan. Although the care burden on primary caregivers of AD patients comprises both physical and psychological burdens and donepezil is recognized to improve cognitive dysfunction and associated symptoms, there are few data on the effects of the drug on the care burden. Methods: Of the uninstitutionalized AD patients who visited a dementia clinic between June 2008 and May 2009 with their primary family caregivers, 416 subjects who satisfied the enrollment criteria were registered for the study. All participants provided informed consent. Assessment included changes in scores on the Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (J‐ZBI) and the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), as well as the presence of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Caregivers answered the questionnaires at baseline and after 12 weeks treatment with donepezil (starting dose 3 mg, p.o., once daily, followed by 5 mg after 1 or 2 weeks). Results: There were significant changes in mean scores on the J‐ZBI (?1.9 ± 9.5; P < 0.01) and MMSE (+0.9 ± 2.9; P < 0.01) from baseline to Week 12, without significant correlation between these two scores. In patients with BPSD, there was a significant decrease in J‐ZBI scores over the 12 weeks (P = 0.013); in contrast, in patients without BPSD, the decrease in the J‐ZBI score did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.418). Conclusions: The results indicate that donepezil improves cognitive function and some of the BPSD. As a possible consequence of improvements in BPSD, donepezil may also reduce caregivers' burden.