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1.
目的探讨情感性精神障碍与气象要素的关系。方法对天津市安定医院1997-1999年情感性精神障碍月入院量和同期气象资料的相关性进行回顾性分析。结果情感性精神障碍月入院量与同期气压、日照有显著意义的相关。结论日照、气压和风速可能是情感性精神障碍发病的主要气象影响因素。  相似文献   

2.
目的了解抑郁障碍的复发与季节气象要素变化的相关性,为复发性抑郁障碍的防治提供参考。方法收集2013年-2017年深圳市某精神病专科医院复发性抑郁障碍住院患者病历资料和同期气象资料,对复发性抑郁障碍月入院量与同期各气象要素进行相关分析,采用多元线性回归模型进一步分析季节气象因素对抑郁障碍复发的影响。结果复发性抑郁障碍月入院量最多的三个月份分别为5月[85例(10. 39%)]、7月[78例(9. 54%)]和8月[77例(9. 41%)];入院量最多的季节为秋季[226例(27. 6%)],其次为夏季[212例(25. 9%)]。不同性别的复发性抑郁障碍月入院量差异无统计学意义(χ~2=9. 947,P0. 05)。复发性抑郁障碍患者月入院量与月平均降水量、月平均相对湿度呈正相关(r=0. 292、0. 370,P0. 05),与月平均风速呈负相关(r=-0. 475,P0. 05)。多元线性回归分析表明,月均风速越慢、月均湿度越高,复发性抑郁障碍入院量越高(P0. 05)。结论复发性抑郁障碍发病具有季节性,气象要素变化与复发性抑郁障碍发病存在关联,尤其是湿度与风速变化。  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨精神分裂症、双相障碍及单相抑郁障碍患者自知力的差异、影响因素及自知力与诊断的关系。方法在广州市惠爱医院连续入组符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)精神分裂症、双相躁狂、双相抑郁、单相抑郁诊断标准的住院患者395例,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、自知力和治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)分别评定患者的临床症状和自知力水平,通过协方差分析方法进行症状严重程度及自知力水平比较,采用多元逐步线性回归分析比较入院时各因素对自知力的影响。结果入院时精神分裂症组、双相躁狂组、双相抑郁组、单相抑郁组的ITAQ总评分分别为(5.66±0.39)分、(5.95±0.50)分、(9.73±0.95)分、(9.36±0.94)分,四组比较差异有统计学意义(F=8.40,P0.01)。出院时精神分裂症组、双相躁狂组、双相抑郁组、单相抑郁组ITAQ总评分分别为(12.27±0.38)分、(14.46±0.49)分、(13.64±0.94)分、(12.98±0.92)分,四组比较差异有统计学意义(F=4.32,P=0.005)。多元逐步线性回归分析显示,入院时自知力水平、诊断、性别均为自知力变化的影响因素(β=-0.405、2.103、-1.482,P均0.05)。结论住院精神障碍患者在急性期,自知力水平变化与疾病谱系变化存在相关性。随着疾病谱系的发展,抑郁障碍、双相情感障碍、精神分裂症患者的自知力缺损程度逐渐加重。此外,自知力的变化受入院时自知力水平、诊断、性别等诸多因素的影响。  相似文献   

4.
《精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第5版)》(DSM-5)将双相及相关障碍从心境障碍中独立出来,与抑郁障碍分为两章。双相障碍是一类受遗传因素影响较大的精神障碍,其代表性疾病是双相Ⅰ型障碍、双相Ⅱ型障碍和环性心境障碍。躁狂发作是双相Ⅰ型障碍诊断的必要条件,且不再要求个体必须有重性抑郁发作史。双相Ⅱ型障碍需有轻躁狂发作和重性抑郁发作史。环性心境障碍从开始发病,至少有半数时间经历多次轻躁狂期和抑郁期,但未符合轻躁狂发作或重性抑郁发作的诊断标准。双相及相关障碍的治疗方法包括心境稳定剂治疗、心理咨询、电休克治疗等。  相似文献   

5.
目的观察分析血清白介素水平与双相精神障碍的关系。方法选择2015年1月~2016年12月于我院就诊的双相精神障碍患者92例,分为双相狂躁组(n=64)与双相抑郁组(n=28),并选择健康者30例作为对照组,分析对比三组血清白介素水平改变。结果入组时,三组血清IL-2、IL-1β水平对比差异不显著(P0.05);双相狂躁组及双相抑郁组患者的血清IL-6水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,双相狂躁组患者的的IL-6水平、Young躁狂量(YMRS)评分及双相抑郁组患者的IL-6水平、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分均显著低于治疗前(P0.05);双相障碍组患者治疗前后的IL-6水平与HAMD、YMRS评分之间对比差异具有正相关(P0.05)。结论双相情感障碍患者存在外周血IL-水平异常,可能导致免疫功能异常。  相似文献   

6.
目的 探讨急性期老年双相抑郁障碍与单相抑郁障碍患者临床特征、神经内分泌的差 异。方法 回顾性连续纳入2018年6月1日至2019年9月30日于北京安定医院老年病房住院的急性期 单相抑郁障碍患者(单相组,60例)及同期住院的性别、年龄和受教育程度相匹配的双相抑郁障碍患者(双 相组,60例),使用自编调查量表收集两组抑郁患者临床特征、神经内分泌相关指标及汉密尔顿抑郁量 表(HAMD)、简易精神状态检查(MMSE)量表评分,并进行组间单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析,分 析老年双相抑郁障碍患者发病的影响因素。结果 双相组患者首发年龄小于单相组[(43.35±16.04)岁 比(54.40±14.36)岁;t=3.975,P<0.01],总病程长于单相组[23.50(11.25,37.25)年比7.00(1.00,16.75)年;Z= -4.301,P<0.01],入院次数大于单相组[2(1,3)次比1(1,1)次;Z=-4.851,P<0.01];双相组发病前多无诱因, 两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。双相组总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)[(1.25±0.29)nmol/L]、游离三碘甲状 腺原氨酸(FT3)[(4.27±0.60)pmol/L]低于单相组[分别为(1.42±0.29)nmol/L、(4.58±0.67)pmol/L;t值分 别为3.118、2.621,均P<0.05],且TT3异常比例(18.3%)高于单相组(5.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05), 而其余指标两组差异均无统计学意义(均P> 0.05)。多因素 Logistic 回归分析结果显示,发病前无诱因 (OR=0.264,P=0.004,95%CI:0.107~0.651)、入院次数为(OR=2.031,P=0.006,95%CI:1.224~3.371)可能 老年双相抑郁障碍发生的危险因素。结论 急性期老年单、双相抑郁障碍患者存在不同特征,双相患 者首发年龄早、病程长、入院次数多,多无发病诱因,甲状腺功能也存在不同特征,主要表现在 TT3、FT3 差异。发病诱因、入院次数可能是与老年双相抑郁障碍关系较密切的因素,但需要进一步探索分析。  相似文献   

7.
单、双相抑郁症的临床比较   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对单相抑郁及双相情感性精神障碍抑郁发作之间作临床比较。1 对象与方法为我院 1 995年 6月~ 1 998年 6月住院 ,符合CCMD- 2 - R抑郁症诊断标准的患者 ,排除双相混合、快速循环型及未特定的双相情感性精神障碍。共1 0 0例 ,其中单相 32例 ,男 1 5例 ,女 1 7例 ;平均年龄 (30  相似文献   

8.
目的 探讨脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)外周血mRNA表达和血清蛋白水平与双相障碍、双相躁狂和双相抑郁的关系.方法 应用TaqMan探针及荧光实时定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应方法,检测并比较双相障碍组(61例)、双相躁狂组(29例)、双相抑郁组(32例)和对照组(61名)外周血白细胞BDNF基因的mRNA表达水平的差异;采用酶联免疫吸附方法测定血清BDNF浓度;应用17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD17)和Young氏躁狂量表(YMRS)评定患者抑郁症状严重程度和躁狂症状的严重程度,采用Pearson相关分析分析BDNF基因mRNA表达水平和血清蛋白浓度与HAMD17和YMRS评分的关系.结果 (1)双相障碍组BDNF基因mRNA相对表达水平(0.0077±0.0019)较对照组(0.0096±0.0028)下降(t=-3.74,P<0.01);双相躁狂组(0.0081±0.0023)、双相抑郁组(0.0073±0.0024)与对照组3组间BDNF基因mRNA相对表达水平的差异有统计学意义(F=7.55,P<0.01),且双相躁狂组和双相抑郁组均低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01).(2)双相障碍组BDNF血清蛋白浓度低于对照组(t=-2.90,P<0.01);双相躁狂组、双相抑郁组与对照组3组间BDNF血清蛋白浓度的差异有统计学意义(F=4.21,P<0.05);双相躁狂组和双相抑郁组BDNF血清蛋白浓度均低于对照组(P均<0.05),但双相躁狂组与双相抑郁组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(3)双相躁狂组BDNF基因mRNA表达水平及血清蛋白浓度与YMRS评分未见相关(P>0.05),双相抑郁组BDNF基因mRNA表达水平及血清蛋白浓度与HAMD17评分未见相关(P>0.05).结论 双相障碍与BDNF水平下调可能相关,这种下降贯穿于躁狂相和抑郁相,而且BDNF的变化不会因双相障碍患者极性的变化而处于两极状态.  相似文献   

9.
目的探讨单、双相抑郁障碍患者外周血单个核细胞糖皮质激素受体(glucocorticoid receptor,GR)mRNA的表达水平及其在亚细胞的分布的差异性。方法纳入符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版修订版(DSM-IV-TR)诊断标准的单相抑郁障碍(简称单相抑郁)患者35例、双相抑郁障碍(简称双相抑郁)患者23例和正常对照30名,检测受试者外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood monouclearcell,PBMC)中GRαmRNA表达水平,共聚焦显微镜下观察GRα在PBMC中的亚细胞分布,测定血浆促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)和血清皮质醇的浓度。结果与对照组比较,单、双相抑郁患者组GRαmRNA表达均下降(P0.05),且与HAMD总分均呈负相关(r=-0.62,P0.05;r=-0.79,P0.05)。随着病情的加重,单、双相抑郁的轻中度、重度亚组的GRαmRNA表达递减(P0.05)。单、双相抑郁患者组PBMC上GRα表达均显著减少,且主要分布在细胞浆内,提示存在核分布异常;随着抑郁程度的加重,核内分布呈下降趋势(P0.05);但单、双相抑郁患者组间无明显差异(P0.05)。单、双相抑郁组血浆ACTH和血清皮质醇浓度与GRαmRNA的表达均无关(P0.05)。结论提示GR在单、双相抑郁障碍的发病机制中均可能起重要作用,且GRαmRNA可能仅是抑郁状态指标,无法鉴别单、双相抑郁障碍。  相似文献   

10.
目的:比较双相情感障碍混合发作与躁狂发作及抑郁发作患者之间血清细胞因子的水平。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附法测定38例双相情感障碍混合发作患者(混合组)、54例躁狂发作患者(躁狂组)、47例抑郁发作患者(抑郁组)及38名正常人(对照组)血清白介素-1(IL-1β)、白介素-2(IL-2)及白介素-6(IL-6)的浓度;混合组患者于治疗前和治疗8周进行Hamilton抑郁量表(HAMD-24)和Young躁狂量表(YMRS)评定。结果:混合组IL-1β浓度显著高于躁狂组及抑郁组(P〈0.01),但与对照组差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。混合组IL-2浓度与躁狂组、抑郁组及对照组之间差异均无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。混合组IL-6浓度显著高于躁狂组、抑郁组及对照组(P〈0.001)。混合组IL-6浓度治疗8周后较治疗前显著下降(t=3.372,P〈0.01),与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.823,P〉0.05)。混合组治疗前后IL-6浓度差值与HAMD-24、YMRS减分率之间均无显著相关(r分别=-0.211、-0.100,P均〉0.05)。结论:双相情感障碍混合发作可能存在IL-6诱导的免疫功能异常,有不同于双相情感障碍躁狂发作及抑郁发作的生物学特征。  相似文献   

11.
12.
The erythrocyte membrane transport (MT) of L-tyrosine (TYR) and L-tryptophan (TRP) and their plasma concentration showed abnormal mean values in 37 depressed patients compared to control subjects before treatment. The pattern of these abnormal values differed according to the clinical subgroup (DSM III criteria). In bipolar disorders the TYR values were all low and the TRP values showed little change, except a low level of plasma TRP. In major depression, MT were abnormal (MT TYR low, MT TRP high) with a very low plasma TRP. In dysthymic disorders the TYR and TRP values were normal. The normalization of the above biochemical variables was significantly correlated with the clinical improvement; however, the plasma concentration of TRP remained abnormal in some patients who had recovered. In contrast, only plasma TYR and TRP were significantly increased in patients without recovery.  相似文献   

13.
This article describes the rationale, aims, and methodology of an epidemiological study of psychosis being conducted in Suffolk County, New York. A sample of first-admission patients is drawn from 10 inpatient and 25 outpatient facilities. Diagnostic psychosocial interviews are conducted shortly after admission to treatment, and at 6- and 24-month followup. Consensus diagnoses are made after each interview. Demographic and clinical background characteristics of the first 250 subjects enrolled over a 2-year period are presented here. The response rate was 76 percent. Based on the initial interview, 75 percent of subjects received a diagnosis involving psychosis. The three most common diagnoses were schizophrenia, bipolar disorder with psychotic features, and major depression with psychotic features. Among subjects with psychosis, 58 percent of males and 29 percent of females had a history of substance abuse/dependence. Gender differences were found on several background and clinical characteristics. Males were somewhat younger, less likely to have ever married, and had less education. Although the median length of hospitalization was the same for females and males (27 days), females were more likely to be hospitalized within 1 month of the occurrence of their first psychotic symptom (60% of females compared to 37% of males). Subjects with schizophrenia-related disorders were significantly more impaired on an assessment of negative symptoms than were affectively ill subjects, but clinical ratings of depression were not significantly different across diagnostic groups.  相似文献   

14.
多种精神障碍患者睡眠质量的调查   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的 研究精神障碍患者的睡眠特点和规律.方法 以河北省精神疾病流行病学现场抽样调查中符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版诊断标准的13种精神障碍患者1874例(患者组)为研究样本.以调查中元任何精神障碍者15 117名为正常对照(对照组),采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数中国修订版,评定两组最近1个月的睡眠质量,以>7分为有睡眠问题;采用功能大体评定量表评定社会生活功能.结果 (1)患者组有睡眠问题的发生率为48.61%(911例),高于正常人(5.55%,839例;P<0.01),其中以抑郁症者(69.92%)和广泛性焦虑障碍者(58.27%)为重.(2)患者组的睡眠质量问题表现为人睡时间长[(50±60)min]、总睡眠时间短[(7.1±4.3)h;P<0.01],对照组分别为(20±26)min和(8.4±2.4)h;抑郁症、心境恶劣障碍和广泛性焦虑障碍者早醒明显.(3)精神分裂症者[(1.0±1.4)分]和双相障碍者的[(0.7±1.3)分]催眠药物评分较高.(4)抑郁症[(1.8±1.2)分]和双相障碍[(1.6±1.3)分]患者日间功能最差.(5)患者组有睡眠问题者较无睡眠问题者的年龄偏大,教育水平低,功能损害更严重,女性多于男性,丧偶、农民、离退休、病退和家庭妇女有睡眠问题者较多.结论 精神障碍患者睡眠障碍发生率高,表现为人睡困难和总睡眠时间短,其中抑郁症患者最为明显;有睡眠问题受多种因素的影响.  相似文献   

15.

Background

The nature of sleep-wake abnormalities in individuals with mental disorders remains unclear. The present study aimed to examine the differences in objective ambulatory measures of the sleep-wake and activity cycles across young people with anxiety, mood or psychotic disorders.

Methods

Participants underwent several days of actigraphy monitoring. We divided participants into 5 groups (control, anxiety disorder, unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, psychotic disorder) according to primary diagnosis.

Results

We enrolled 342 participants aged 12–35 years in our study: 41 healthy controls, 56 with anxiety disorder, 135 with unipolar depression, 80 with bipolar disorder and 30 with psychotic disorders. Compared with the control group, sleep onset tended to occur later in the anxiety, depression and bipolar groups; sleep offset occurred later in all primary diagnosis groups; the sleep period was longer in the anxiety, bipolar and psychosis groups; total sleep time was longer in the psychosis group; and sleep efficiency was lower in the depression group, with a similar tendency for the anxiety and bipolar groups. Sleep parameters were significantly more variable in patient subgroups than in controls. Cosinor analysis revealed delayed circadian activity profiles in the anxiety and bipolar groups and abnormal circadian curve in the psychosis group.

Limitations

Although statistical analyses controlled for age, the sample included individuals from preadolescence to adulthood. Most participants from the primary diagnosis subgroups were taking psychotropic medications, and a large proportion had other comorbid mental disorders.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that delayed and disorganized sleep offset times are common in young patients with various mental disorders. However, other sleep-wake cycle disturbances appear to be more prominent in broad diagnostic categories.  相似文献   

16.

Objective

The number of psychiatric hospital beds in England has declined since the 1950s. Since the early 2000s, mental health staff increasingly work in community treatment teams.We analysed recent trends in hospital and community treatment in England for eight mental health diagnoses.

Method

We obtained data from the UK Government Health and Social Care Information Centre covering the period 1998 to 2012. We analysed hospital admissions and length of stay for each diagnosis each year using linear regression. We studied associations among admissions, community treatment and hospital bed availability each year using structural equation modeling.

Results

The number of mental health beds fell 39%, from 37,000 in 1998 to 22,300 in 2012.Hospital admissions for five diagnoses declined significantly (depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, dementia and obsessive compulsive disorder, P< .01 or P< .001). The strongest decline for depression involved 1000 fewer admissions each year. Admissions for three disorders increased significantly (posttraumatic stress disorder, eating disorders and alcohol-related disorders, P< .01 or P< .001). Alcohol-related admissions increased most strongly, by more than 1700 a year, and were significantly associated with increasing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis admissions (Pearson's r=0.89, P< .001) across the National Health Service (NHS) and the affordability of alcohol (Pearson's r=0.76, P< .01).The median length of stay declined significantly for four diagnoses (P< .001); the other four diagnoses did not change significantly. Depression had the steepest decline of almost 1 less day in hospital per admission per year.Almost 300 more patients were sectioned under the Mental Health Act each year.Community activity had relatively little effect on admissions, and its direct effect was not significantly different from zero. Years with more psychiatric beds had more admissions.

Conclusions

Mental health bed numbers have declined significantly in England. Annual admissions and lengths of stay declined for a range of severe mental disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression.The fall in available beds can account for much of the decline in admissions. National reports of crisis team activity are not associated with declines in hospital admissions.There may be significant needs, especially of depressive patients, not being met by secondary community services, such as 24-hour observation and care. This calls for policy review and further epidemiological study of morbidity, mortality and health needs associated with mental disorder in the community.  相似文献   

17.
OBJECTIVES: Caring for a relative with schizophrenia or dementia has been associated with reports of caregiver burden, symptoms of anxiety, depression, poor self-rated health, and elevated health service use; however, comparable data for caregivers of relatives with bipolar disorder are lacking. This study reports preliminary data on the health, psychological distress and health service use of caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder. It additionally evaluates the relationship of the level of burden caregivers report experiencing to their use of health services, controlling for level of psychological distress and health status. METHODS: Subjects were primary caregivers of 264 patients with Research Diagnostic Criteria-diagnosed bipolar disorder and their bipolar relatives. Caregiver mental health and primary care service use were assessed retrospectively for the 7-month period prior to inpatient or outpatient admission of the bipolar patient. Caregiver depression, anxiety, medical conditions and patient symptomatology were assessed as well. RESULTS: Hierarchical logistic regression analysis demonstrated that caregiver burden significantly increased the likelihood of mental health service use (OR = 13.53, p < 0.001) even after controlling for caregiver psychological distress and medical conditions, while anxiety and depression level, but not burden, significantly increased the likelihood of primary care service use, controlling for other variables (OR = 1.72, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Burdens experienced by family caregivers appear to increase use of health services, and presumably cost, and may be reduced by psychosocial intervention.  相似文献   

18.
Objectives: Significant questions remain regarding both the incidence patterns of mood episodes in adolescents and young adults from the community and the conversion rate from unipolar to bipolar disorders. We addressed these issues by examining data from a prospective longitudinal community study to (i) determine the cumulative incidence of mood episodes and disorders in the first three decades of life; (ii) determine the risk for first onset of depression among individuals with a previous history of hypomanic/manic episodes and vice versa; and (iii) determine the clinical and treatment characteristics of these subjects. Methods: Using the Munich‐Composite International Diagnostic Interview, clinically trained interviewers assessed mood episodes and mental disorders in 3,021 community subjects (aged 14–24 at baseline and 21–34 at third follow‐up). Results: The estimated cumulative incidence at age 33 was 2.9% for manic, 4.0% for hypomanic, 29.4% for major depressive, and 19.0% for minor depressive episodes; overall, 26.0% had unipolar major depression, 4.0% bipolar depression, 1.5% unipolar mania, and 3.6% unipolar hypomania (no major depression). Overall, 0.6% and 1.8% had unipolar mania or hypomania, respectively, without indication for even minor depression. A total of 3.6% of the initial unipolar major depression cases subsequently developed (hypo)mania, with particularly high rates in adolescent onset depression (< 17 years: 9%). A total of 49.6% of the initial unipolar mania cases subsequently developed major depression and 75.6% major or minor depression. While bipolar cases had more adverse clinical and course depression characteristics and higher treatment rates than unipolar depressed cases, bipolar cases did not significantly differ in mania characteristics from unipolar mania cases. Conclusions: Unipolar and bipolar mood disorders are more frequent than previously thought in adolescence and young adulthood, a time period when both the recognition and the intervention rates by the healthcare system are rather low. ‘Conversion’ to bipolar disorder is limited in initial unipolar depression, but common in initial unipolar mania. The remaining unipolar mania cases appear to be significant in terms of clinical and course characteristics and thus require more research attention to replicate these findings.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: The paper describes the methodologies and results obtained on a large cohort of prison inmates in New Zealand who were screened for psychiatric disorder. METHOD: All women and remanded male inmates in New Zealand prisons, and a randomly selected cohort of 18% of sentenced male inmates were interviewed. Interviewers used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview - Automated to establish DSM-IV diagnoses, and the Personality Disorders Questionnaire to identify personality disorder. All prisons in New Zealand were visited. RESULTS: The results indicate markedly elevated prevalence rates for major mental disorder in the prison population when compared with community samples. This is especially the case for substance misuse, psychotic disorders, major depression, bipolar disorder, obsessive- compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Of particular concern is not only the increased prevalence rates for schizophrenia and related disorders but also the high level of comorbidity with substance misuse disorders demonstrated by this group. While 80.8% of inmates diagnosed with bipolar disorder were receiving psychiatric treatment in the prison, only 46.4% of depressed inmates and 37% of those suffering from psychosis were receiving treatment. Maori inmates were grossly overrepresented in the remand, female and male sentenced inmate population compared with the general population. CONCLUSIONS: A significant increase in provision of mental health services is required to cope with the high number of mentally ill inmates. The level of need demonstrated by this study requires a level of service provision that is quite beyond the capacity of current forensic psychiatry services, Department of Corrections Psychological Services or the prison nursing and medical officers. The elevated rates of common mental disorders argues for the use of improved psychiatric screening instruments, improved assessment and treatment capacities in the prison and an increased number of forensic psychiatric inpatient facilities to care for those psychotic inmates who are too unwell to be treated in the prison.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent to which identification of any distinct personality characteristics in bipolar subjects are influenced by selection of the comparison diagnostic group. METHOD: Scores were compared on several general measures of personality style and, additionally, the prevalence of disordered personality functioning was examined in a sample of 198 non-psychotic depressed subjects, 39 with bipolar depression and 159 with unipolar depression. RESULTS: When the bipolar subjects were separately compared with unipolar subjects, and to sub-sets of those with clinically and DSM-IV defined melancholic and non-melancholic depression, quite differing results were suggested. In essence, clinically-defined melancholic subjects had the least personality psychopathology in comparison with the non-melancholic and bipolar subjects. CONCLUSION: Whether subjects with bipolar disorder have any distinct personality characteristics or over-represented co-morbid personality disorders remains quite unclear when reference is made to the literature. We suggest that inconsistencies across studies may reflect choice and representation of depressive sub-types within the unipolar comparator group.  相似文献   

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