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1.
目的系统评价农村留守儿童的心理健康状况,为提高留守儿童心理健康水平提供科学依据。方法采用分层抽样法,抽取海阳市农村地区3所小学及3所初级中学7~17岁学生共1416名,其中留守儿童649名,非留守儿童767名。采用儿童青少年心理健康量表(MHS-C)和Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)对649名留守儿童和767名非留守儿童的心理健康状况进行调查。结果留守儿童的MHS-C总分、情绪、意志行为、个性特征、PHCSS总分、焦虑和合群的得分均低于非留守儿童(t=-17.900~-2.954,P0.05)。留守儿童在认知、思维与语言、情绪、行为、合群、智力与学校情况、焦虑因子的得分存在性别和年级差异(t=-5.877~4.667,P0.05)。留守儿童的情绪和焦虑呈正相关(r=0.289,P0.05);意志行为和行为呈正相关(r=0.296,P0.05);个性特征和合群呈正相关(r=0.215,P0.05)。结论留守儿童更容易存在情绪和行为问题,"留守"对男童较为不利,应采取针对性措施,展开对农村留守儿童的心理健康教育工作。  相似文献   

2.
目的分析农村留守儿童的个性心理和行为特征并探讨相应的护理对策。方法选取我医院所在辖区附近的2所农村小学,抽取1000名儿童接受调查,根据儿童是否为留守儿童分为留守组(n=310)和对照组(n=690),使用艾克森个性问卷儿童版(EPQ)、流调用儿童抑郁量表(CESDC)、儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)、Rutter儿童行为教师问卷对这1000名儿童进行调查,比较两组儿童的调查结果。结果 EPQ调查结果显示,留守组儿童的P分和N分均显著高于对照组儿童(P0.05);CES-DC调查结果显示,留守组儿童的评分显著高于对照组儿童(P0.05),留守组儿童的抑郁症状检出率显著高于对照组儿童(P0.05);Rutter调查结果显示,留守组儿童A评分显著低于对照组(P0.05);PHCSS量表调查结果显示,留守组儿童躯体外貌和幸福与满足的得分显著低于对照组儿童(P0.05)。结论农村留守儿童的心理卫生状况要比同龄非留守儿童要差,要动员学校、家庭和社会共同参与农村留守儿童的教育和监护,促进农村留守儿童的心理健康状况良好。  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨中国留守儿童行为问题状况,为留守儿童的心理干预及心理健康教育提供参考。方法计算机检索CNKI、万方、维普、Cochrane Library及PubMed,收集公开发表的关于我国留守儿童行为问题的病例对照研究,由两位研究者独立进行文献筛选、资料提取和方法学质量评价后,采用Rev Man 5.3软件进行数据分析。结果共纳入病例对照研究9篇,NOS文献质量评价7~9分,均为高质量文献。Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)荟萃分析:6~11岁男童体诉因子得分留守组高于非留守组(MD=0.99,95%CI:0.20~1.77,P=0.01);6~11岁女童分裂强迫因子得分留守组高于非留守组(MD=1.52,95%CI:1.44~1.60,P0.01)。儿童长处与困难问卷(SDQ)荟萃分析:留守组的情绪症状、品行问题、多动/注意不能、同伴交往及困难总分得分均高于非留守组(P均0.01),而亲社会行为得分低于非留守组(P0.01)。Rutter儿童行为问卷(Rutter)荟萃分析:留守组行为问题的发生率高于非留守组(OR=3.94,95%CI:2.30~8.43,P0.01)。结论留守可增加儿童行为问题的发生;留守可能是通过影响儿童的情绪、行为方式及人格特征,从而导致留守儿童行为问题的发生,且留守对低龄儿童的影响可能更大。  相似文献   

4.
目的 了解留守儿童自我意识的状况.方法 以滕州某小学三年级至六年级的528名学生为研究对象,进行自我意识量表问卷调查.其中留守儿童418例,非留守儿童110例.结果 (1)留守儿童中自我意识水平偏低的学生相对较多,行为、智力与学校情况、幸福满足感等因子分以及总分均显著低于非留守儿童.(2)留守儿童中男生行为、智力及学校情况、合群、幸福满足感等因子分显著低于女生.(3)不同年龄组留守儿童的自我意识比较无显著性差异.结论 留守儿童的自我意识水平偏低.  相似文献   

5.
目的:了解昆明市小学生的心理健康状况及特征,并对外来儿童、留守儿童等特殊群体的心理健康状况进行分析,为制订干预措施提供依据。方法:运用Rutter儿童行为量表(教师用)对昆明市2所小学的380名儿童进行调查,分析留守儿童、外来儿童的心理健康状况,并与其他儿童及昆明市儿童常模进行比较。结果:2所小学儿童行为问题检出率为18.5%,不同性别儿童检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=136.903,P0.05);不同年级检出率差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.273,P0.05);外来儿童、留守儿童总体检出率明显高于普通家庭儿童,在检出有行为问题的儿童中,外来儿童以神经质行为为主,留守儿童以反社会行为为主。结论:昆明市外来儿童、留守儿童心理健康状况不容乐观,应该引起重视。  相似文献   

6.
目的 了解农村特殊家庭留守儿童自我意识和家庭环境状况及其关系.方法 采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表(CSCS)、家庭环境量表(FES-CV)对用分层随机抽样方法抽取的南充市阆中金城中心小学校四到六年级的203名在校学生的自我意识水平和家庭环境状况进行调查.结果 ①特殊家庭留守儿童(A组)49人,一般家庭留守儿童(B组)79人,非留守儿童(C组)75人;②A组儿童的行为、合群、幸福满足感因子得分均低于非留守儿童(P<0.05);③方差分析显示,除焦虑因子分外,六年级特殊家庭留守儿童自我意识总分、身体、幸福因子分均高于四、五年级(P<0.05);A组儿童的亲密度、情感表达、独立性、娱乐性、文化性、道德宗教因子分均低于C组,而矛盾因子分高于B、C两组(P<0.01);④相关分析显示,家庭环境亲密度、情感表达、文化性、娱乐性、道德宗教和组织性6个因子分与CSCS总分、行为、智力、躯体、焦虑、合群和幸福因子分呈正相关(r=0.11~0.40,P<0.05),矛盾性因子分与CSCS所有因子得分呈负相关(r=-0.31~-0.18,P<0.05),家庭环境独立性和控制性因子分与CSCS中的智力因子分呈正相关(r=0.09~0.11,P<0.05).结论 特殊家庭留守儿童的心理健康状况及家庭环境状况均较差,家庭环境状况可能是其心理健康水平的重要影响因素之一.  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨农村特殊家庭留守儿童心理健康状况。方法于2011年3月~2012年10月采用分层随机抽样方法抽取南充市阆中金城乡中心小学校四到六年级的在校学生203名,分为特殊家庭留守儿童(A组)、一般家庭留守儿童(B组)和普通家庭儿童(C组),采用儿童孤独量表(CLS)、儿童自我意识量表(CSCS)和艾森克个性调查问卷(EPQ)对其人格特征、孤独感、自我意识进行测量。结果①方差分析显示,三组儿童的个性、孤独感与自我意识得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多重比较显示,A组的内外向因子分、行为及合群性因子分低于B、C两组,而情绪不稳因子分、孤独感总评分高于B、C两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);②特殊家庭留守儿童中男性自我意识高于女性,女性焦虑因子分高于男性,行为因子分低于男性(P<0.05);③年龄<10岁的特殊家庭留守儿童其合群、幸福、内外向因子分低于年龄>10岁者,而孤独总分和神经质因子分高于年龄>10岁者(P<0.05)。结论特殊家庭留守儿童心理健康水平低于一般家庭留守儿童和非留守儿童,其中女性更倾向于情绪问题,男性更倾向于行为问题,年龄越小行为与情绪问题越多。  相似文献   

8.
目的:探讨农村4~6岁留守儿童心理行为问题检出率及影响因素。方法:于2015年10月至12月采用分层随机方法抽取江西修水县与贵州遵义县各3个乡有4~6岁儿童的家庭的养护人进行问卷调查,总共调查1 096人,其中留守儿童组585人,非留守儿童组511人。调查内容包括一般人口学资料、家庭信息、家庭健康状况及Achenbach儿童行为量表。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析留守儿童心理行为异常的相关因素。结果:留守组心理行为问题检出率25.0%,高于非留守组18.6%(P0.05)。留守组社交问题发生率23.6%,违纪行为发生率12.0%及攻击行为发生率20.5%均高于非留守组(P0.05或P0.01)。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,父母双方都外出、母亲年龄26岁或39岁、母孕期用药、幼儿园入学、学习困难得不到帮助、家庭关系不和睦会增加心理行为异常的风险,而母亲具有初中及以上文化程度是保护因素(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:4~6岁农村留守儿童心理行为问题检出率较非留守儿童高,危险因素主要有母孕期用药、学习困难得不到帮助、已经入学、家庭关系不和睦等。  相似文献   

9.
目的 探讨农村 3~5 岁留守儿童情绪和行为问题发生率及相关因素。方法 2016 年 11 月至 2017 年 1 月,采用横断面调查全国 12 个省 27 个县内农村地区家庭 5 050 名 3~5 岁儿童情绪和行 为异常发生情况,主要应用长处与困难问卷(SDQ)进行评估,比较留守与非留守儿童的情绪与行为异常 情况。结果 留守儿童情绪和行为问题发生率为 13.3%(140/1 046),非留守儿童为 14.7%(590/4 005),两 组差异无统计学意义(χ2 =1.237,P=0.266)。留守儿童组的同伴交往异常发生率(5.0%,52/1 046)低于非 留守组(7.2%,287/4 005),且差异有统计学意义(χ2 =6.732,P=0.012)。Logistic 回归分析表明,主要 监护人赞同体罚会增加留守儿童发生情绪和行为问题的风险(OR=1.655,95%CI=1.121~2.444)。 结论 3~5岁留守儿童与非留守儿童行为问题检出率不存在差异。赞同体罚会增加留守儿童发生情绪 和行为问题的风险。  相似文献   

10.
目的了解留守初中生的父母同伴依恋、心理弹性及其关系,为对其开展有针对性的心理干预、改善其心理健康状况提供参考。方法采用整群随机抽样法抽取绵阳市某县两所中学的初中生共842名作为研究对象,其中留守初中生292名(34.68%),非留守550名(65.32%)。采用自编一般情况问卷、父母和同伴依恋问卷(IPPA)、心理弹性量表(RS)进行评定,并分析IPPA和RS评分的相关性。结果①留守组的父亲依恋分量表中疏离维度评分高于非留守组(P<0.01);留守组男生的父亲依恋分量表中疏离维度和同伴依恋分量表沟通维度评分均高于非留守组男生(P<0.05或0.01),留守组女生的父亲依恋分量表疏离维度评分高于非留守组女生(P<0.05),其父亲依恋分量表信任维度、同伴依恋分量表中信任和沟通维度评分及总评分均低于非留守组女生(P均<0.05)。②留守组与非留守组初中生RS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③留守组初中生中,除父母依恋分量表的疏离维度外,其余IPPA各分量表评分及各维度评分与RS评分均呈正相关(r=0.261~0.494,P均<0.01);非留守初中生中,IPPA各分量表评分及各维度评分与RS评分均呈正相关(r=0.123~0.583,P均<0.01)。结论留守初中生存在普遍的依恋关系与安全感问题,以留守女生更为突出。  相似文献   

11.
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can alter brain development and impact mental health outcomes, and often occurs in conjunction with postnatal adversity (e.g., maltreatment). However, it is unclear how postnatal adverse exposures may moderate mental health and brain outcomes in children with PAE. T1‐weighted and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging were obtained from 66 participants aged 7–16 years. Twenty‐one participants had PAE and adverse postnatal exposures (PAE+), 12 had PAE without adverse postnatal exposures (PAE?), and 33 were age‐ and gender‐matched controls unexposed to either prenatal alcohol or postnatal adversity. Internalizing and externalizing mental health symptoms were assessed using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children II, Parent‐Rating Scale. ANCOVAs were used to compare mental health symptoms, limbic and prefrontal cortical volumes, and diffusion parameters of cortico‐limbic white matter tracts between groups, and to assess brain‐mental health relationships. Both PAE groups had worse externalizing behavior (higher scores) than controls. The PAE? group had lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the bilateral cingulum and left uncinate fasciculus, and smaller volumes in the left anterior cingulate cortex than controls and the PAE+ group. The PAE? group also had higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the left uncinate than the PAE+ group, and smaller right anterior cingulate and superior frontal gyrus volumes than controls. These findings show different brain structure and mental health symptom profiles in children with PAE with and without postnatal adversity, highlighting the need to consider adverse postnatal exposures in individuals with PAE.  相似文献   

12.
The total volume of the neocortex in each cerebral hemisphere was measured in male and female rats that had been exposed to one of two early experience treatments and subsequently tested behaviorally. Rats were either handled in infancy and raised in enriched environments or not handled in infancy and raised in standard lab cages. In adulthood they were tested in the open field for activity, for initial direction of movement out of the start box, and for laterality of wall-hugging behavior. Early experience did not have an effect on neocortical asymmetry, but a gender difference was disclosed. The right neocortex of males was larger than the left by a mean of 1.5%. Females rats did not show a significant asymmetry, although when asymmetry was present it was in favor of the left side. Cortical asymmetry correlated with openfield behavior. The degree of activity decreased with increasing neocortical asymmetry, and an interesting gender effect was present. Also, there was a positive correlation between neocortical asymmetry and direction of wall-hugging behavior, but only in animals with volume differences of less than 1%. These findings represent the first documentation of behavioral correlations with anatomic brain asymmetries in nonhuman species.  相似文献   

13.
Marked gender differences have been identified in cigarette smoking. In this study, we aimed to identify the gender-specific emotional and behavioral disorders among adolescent smokers and their consequent utilization of mental health services. We performed a nationwide survey study of an Israeli representative sample of 906 adolescents and their mothers. Mental disorders were assessed using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) Inventory. Levels of emotional and behavioral difficulties were evaluated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Mental health services use and smoking habits were also assessed. Among non-smoker adolescents there were significant gender differences in almost all SDQ scales: emotional problems, pro-social, hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems, whereas in the smoker group there was a difference only in the SDQ emotional problems scale (both self- and maternal-rated, P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Only marginal difference was noted between males and females in help-seeking for emotional or behavioral problems. Over 50% of both male and female smokers in the study had untreated mental disorders (non-significant gender difference). The well-established gender differences in psychiatric symptomatology narrowed markedly in adolescent smokers; the typical gender difference in disruptive behaviors was lost in the adolescent smoking population. The implications of these findings are particularly relevant to developing more effective gender-specific programs to prevent youth smoking, to facilitate quitting and prepare primary care practitioners to identify mental disorders and behavioral problems in adolescents with a smoking history.  相似文献   

14.
Although research has documented negative effects of combat deployment on mental health, few studies have examined whether deployment increases risky or self-destructive behavior. The present study addressed this issue. In addition, we examined whether deployment effects on risky behavior varied depending on history of pre-deployment risky behavior, and assessed whether psychiatric conditions mediated effects of deployment on risky behavior. In an anonymous survey, active duty members of the U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Navy (N = 2116) described their deployment experiences and their participation in risky recreational activities, unprotected sex, illegal drug use, self-injurious behavior, and suicide attempts during three time frames (civilian, military pre-deployment, and military post-deployment). Respondents also reported whether they had problems with depression, anxiety, or PTSD during the same three time frames. Results revealed that risky behavior was much more common in civilian than in military life, with personnel who had not deployed, compared to those who had deployed, reporting more risky behavior and more psychiatric problems as civilians. For the current time period, in contrast, personnel who had deployed (versus never deployed) were significantly more likely to report both risky behavior and psychiatric problems. Importantly, deployment was associated with increases in risky behavior only for personnel with a pre-deployment history of engaging in risky behavior. Although psychiatric conditions were associated with higher levels of risky behavior, psychiatric problems did not mediate associations between deployment and risky behavior. Implications for understanding effects of combat deployment on active duty personnel and directions for future research are discussed.  相似文献   

15.
The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the role of coping behavior in patients with panic disorder (PD). This was done by evaluating three items of coping behavior (seeking of social support, wishful thinking and avoidance) in the Ways of Coping Checklist. The subjects consisted of 30 patients with PD (26 with agoraphobia). Coping behavior and the severity of PD was investigated at baseline and at 24 months (the final outcome). At baseline there were no gender differences in coping behavior. The severity of panic attacks significantly correlated with that of agoraphobia. The baseline severity of PD (panic attacks and agoraphobia) did not correlate with coping behavior. At the outcome assessment there was no significant correlation between the severity of panic attack and coping behavior. The severity of agoraphobia at final outcome and the coping behavior (seeking of social support) at baseline were significantly correlated. In the group that had remission in agoraphobia (the good outcome group), the severity of agoraphobia at baseline was significantly lower and the seeking of social support coping behavior was significantly higher than that of the poor outcome group. No significant difference in panic attack severity was noted between the good and poor outcome groups. Discriminant analysis revealed that seeking of social support coping behavior was a significant discriminant factor of agoraphobia. Although these are preliminary data, special coping behavior might be related to improvement of agoraphobia in patients with PD.  相似文献   

16.
To determine if there are age or gender-related differences in reporting fear as a symptom of epileptic seizure, all clinical charts of patients evaluated at the "C. Munari - Epilepsy Surgery Center" of Milan from 1990 to June 2005 were analyzed, looking for patients with ictal fear. Among the 2,530 clinical charts examined (1,330 male and 1,200 female), 265 patients were found with ictal fear (100 men, 165 women). The gender difference in reporting ictal fear was not so marked in the pediatric age group (98 girls, 74 boys), whereas in adult patients the difference was significant (158 women, 83 men). Interestingly, more men than women (14:3) had ictal fear during childhood that disappeared during adulthood. The literature review confirmed that ictal fear is significantly more common in women, though there is no gender difference in the pediatric age group.  相似文献   

17.

Background

In many countries single parents report poorer mental health than partnered parents. This study investigates whether there are gender differences in the mental health of single parents in New Zealand (and whether any gender difference varies with that among partnered parents), and examines key social and demographic mediators that may account for this difference.

Methods

We used data on 905 single parents and 4,860 partnered parents from a New Zealand household panel survey that included the Kessler-10 measure of psychological distress. Linear regression analyses were used to investigate both interactions of gender and parental status, and confounding or mediation by other covariates.

Results

High/very high levels of psychological distress were reported by 15.7 % of single mothers and 9.1 % of single fathers, and 6.1 % of partnered mothers and 4.1 % of partnered fathers. In an Ordinary Least Squares regression of continuous K10 scores on gender, parental status and the interaction of both (plus adjustment for ethnicity, number of children and age), female single parents had a 1.46 higher K10 score than male single parents (95 % CI 0.48–2.44; 1.46). This difference was 0.98 (95 % CI ?0.04 to 1.99) points greater than the gender difference among partnered parents. After controlling for further confounding or mediating covariates (educational level, labour force status and socioeconomic deprivation) both the gender difference among single parents (0.38, ?0.56 to 1.31) and the interaction of gender and parental status (0.28 greater gender difference among single parents, ?0.69 to 1.65) greatly reduced in magnitude and became non-significant, mainly due to adjustment for individual socioeconomic deprivation.

Conclusion

The poorer mental health of single parents remains an important epidemiological phenomenon. Although research has produced mixed findings of the nature of gender differences in the mental health of single parents, our research adds to the increasing evidence that it is single mothers who have worse mental health. Our findings on the potential explanations of the gender difference in sole parent mental health suggest that socioeconomic deprivation is a key contributor.  相似文献   

18.
Despite the critical importance of patient–physician trust, it may be compromised among vulnerable patients, such as (1) incarcerated patients and (2) those patients who have been victims of trauma. The purpose of this study was to examine patient–physician trust among forensic and civilian psychiatric inpatient populations and to explore whether it varied based on a patient’s history of incarceration and/or victimization. A trust survey (WFPTS) and a trauma instrument (LEC-5) were administered to 93 patients hospitalized on forensic and civilian psychiatric hospital units in a large, urban public hospital. Results showed no difference in patient–physician trust between incarcerated and civilian patients. Similarly, there was no effect of a history of physical assault or sexual assault on ratings of patient–physician trust. However, the hospitalized civilian and forensic patients who reported being the victim of weapons assault had significantly lower patient–physician trust scores than their counterparts.  相似文献   

19.
T Hatta 《Neuropsychologia》1990,28(10):1053-1062
The visual field advantage for digits and random shapes recognition was investigated using both longitudinal and cross-sectional methods with children from ages from 4 to 6. A right visual field advantage for digit recognition and left visual field advantage for random shape recognition were found in the age 4 group. There was no evidence of developmental increase in visual field advantage with age, though there was slight gender difference in the development of visual field advantage. Comparisons of the results of longitudinal and cross-sectional methods revealed negligible differences.  相似文献   

20.
This paper summarizes the mail survey findings of 1,634 respondents examining the impact of welfare reform, namely the Work and Gain Economic Self Sufficiency (WAGES) program, in two urban areas of Florida. The health and mental health status, quality of life, and service needs of adults and children who had left WAGES were compared with those of current recipients. Findings indicate that 60% of the respondents had left WAGES during a 14-month period. Compared to former WAGES recipients, current recipients reported significantly poorer health and mental health status. Additionally, the children of current recipients had significantly greater health needs compared to those of former WAGES recipients. Although no group difference existed regarding the children's mental health status, the percentage of children scoring above the criterion suggesting a need for further psychosocial evaluation was twice the rate that would be expected in a general pediatric sample. Transportation was the only service need in which a significant group difference was found, with current recipients reporting significantly greater need compared to former recipients. Compared to former WAGES recipients, current recipients reported significantly lower levels of satisfaction with their leisure opportunities, employment or educational status, financial condition, legal and safety, family's health, and with their overall quality of their lives.  相似文献   

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