利培酮治疗儿童精神分裂症36例的疗效观察

目的 研究应用利培酮治疗儿童精神分裂症的疗效和安全性。方法 对36例9～15岁经CCMD-3诊断为儿童精神分裂症的患者,应用利培酮治疗12周,平均起始剂量(0.86±0.05)mg/日,平均治疗剂量为(3.44±1.08)mg/日,采用简明精神病量表(BPRS)评定疗效,锥体外系症状量表(ESRS)和实验室检查评价不良反应。结果 利培酮对儿童精神分裂症各种症状均有较好疗效,显效率为83％,有效率94.4％,不良反应主要有轻度的睡眠增多和锥体外系反应,其他不良反应少见。结论 利培酮对儿童精神分裂症疗效较好,不良反应少,依从性较好,值得推广使用。     

利培酮对儿童期首发精神分裂症的临床应用

目的:了解利培酮治疗儿童期首发精神分裂症患者的疗效及安全性。 方法:对40例年龄<14岁患儿以利培酮治疗8周,以简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)评定疗效,以副反应量表(TESS)及实验室监测评价安全性。 结果:利培酮平均治疗剂量为(2.84±O.71)mg/d,总有效率为87.5％,不良反应主要为锥体外系反应。 结论:对儿童期首发精神分裂症,利培酮疗效较好,安全性高。     

利培酮治疗儿童少年精神分裂症的临床应用

目的:了解利培酮治疗儿童少年期首发精神分裂症或分裂样精神病的疗效、安全性和剂量.方法:对2002年至2003年来我院青少儿心理门诊就诊,符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版诊 断标准,≤16岁的儿童少年62例,给予利培酮治疗12周,采用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)评定临床疗效,副反应量表(TESS)及实验室检查评定安全性.结果:利培酮平均起效剂量为(0.86±0.28)mg/d,平均治疗剂量为(3.16±1.08)mg/d,显效率为82.26%,有效率为96.77%.不良反应有锥体外系反应(EPS)和轻度困倦.结论:利培酮可作为儿童少年期精神分裂症或分裂样精神病的一线治疗药物.     

锥体外系症状与利培酮治疗剂量及疗效的关系分析

目的探讨未经药物治疗的首发精神分裂症患者锥体外系症状(EPS)与利培酮治疗剂量及疗效的关系.方法对63例首发精神分裂症患者,在采用不同剂量利培酮治疗前后进行了锥体外系症状评定量表(ESRS)与阳性及阴性症状量表(PANSS)的评定.结果应用利培酮4～6mg/d与≤3mg/d治疗的患者,其EPS发生率分别为46.4%与14.3%(x2=3.94,P＜0.05),疗效无显著性差异.在出现EPS的患者中,降低利培酮治疗剂量后EPS则减轻或消失,而疗效并未降低.结论未经药物治疗的首发精神分裂症患者的EPS与利培酮治疗剂量有关,而与疗效无关.     

利培酮治疗首发儿童精神分裂症的临床观察

目的了解利培酮治疗儿童少年期首发精神分裂症或分裂样精神病的临床疗效、安全性和药物剂量。方法用利培酮对62例年龄<14岁的儿童精神分裂症患者治疗8周,采用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)评定疗效,副反应量表(TESS)及实验室相应检查评定安全性及副反应。结果总有效率85%。不良反应主要为锥体外系反应及失眠,平均治疗剂量(3.26±0.88)mg/d。结论利培酮对于首发儿童少年期精神分裂症或分裂样精神病的治疗,用药安全、疗效可靠、副反应小、依从性高。     

利培酮和氟哌啶醇治疗老年期精神障碍对照研究

目的 比较利培酮和氟哌啶醇治疗老年期精神障碍的疗效和安全性。方法 利培酮组22例,口服利培酮1.34±0.52mg/d;氟哌啶醇组20例,口服氟哌啶醇2.2±0.89mg/d,疗程均为8周。用临床疗效评定量表(CGI),简明精神症状检查量表(BPRS)、阴性症状评定量表(SANS)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评价疗效。用药物副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应。用简易智能量表(MMSE)评定对认知功能的影响。结果 临床总体疗效两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05),利培酮对BPRS各靶症状及阴性症状疗效显著,对阴性症状疗效优于氟哌啶醇(P<0.01),而且可提高MMSE的分值(P<0.01)。两组不良反应均以锥体外系症状和嗜睡为主。两组不良反应发生率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 利培酮和氟哌啶醇对老年期精神障碍均有良好的疗效,利培酮对BPRS和SANS各常见靶症状疗效更显著,副反应小而安全,且不影响认知功能,更适宜于老年病人。     

利培酮治疗老年期精神分裂症对照研究

目的:比较利培酮和奋乃静治疗老年期首发精神分裂症的疗效和安全性. 方法:将96例老年期首发精神分裂症住院患者,随机分为利培酮组和奋乃静组,分别给予利培酮和奋乃静治疗.疗程8周.以简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)评定疗效,用副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应. 结果:利培酮与奋乃静临床疗效差异无显著性.利培酮的不良反应主要为失眠,恶心、呕吐.奋乃静锥体外系反应较重. 结论:利培酮治疗老年期首发精神分裂症疗效较好,安全性高,有利于长期巩固维持治疗.     

利培酮治疗儿童精神分裂症临床观察

目的了解利培酮治疗儿童精神分裂症疗效及安全性。方法对47例年龄≤14岁精神分裂症患儿以利培酮治疗8周，利培酮平均治疗剂量为2mg-2．5mg／d，分别以PANSS量表和TESS量表评定疗效及不良反应。结果总有效率为95．74％，不良反应主要为锥体外系反应。结论利培酮对儿童精神分裂症疗效较好，不良反应少，依从性较好，值得推广使用。     

利培酮治疗老年期首发精神分裂症对照研究

目的研究利培酮治疗老年期首发精神分裂症患者的疗效和不良反应。方法将64例老年期首发精神分裂症住院患者随机分为两组，分别给予利培酮和奋乃静治疗，疗程8周。用阳性与阴性症状量表评定疗效，用副反应量表评定不良反应。结果利培酮与奋乃静临床疗效无显著性差异。利培酮的不良反应主要为失眠、恶心、呕吐。奋乃静锥体外系反应较重。结论利培酮治疗老年期首发精神分裂症患者疗效较好，不良反应少，有利于长期巩固维持治疗。     

利培酮治疗精神分裂症36例临床分析

对服用利培酮治疗的精神分裂症患者进行临床观察。1　对象和方法为 1998年 10月至 2 0 0 1年 12月住院患者 ,年龄 18～ 4 8岁 ;均符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第 3版精神分裂症诊断标准 ;阳性和阴性症状量表 (PANSS)总分≥ 6 0分 ;治疗前 1周未服用抗精神病药或 1个月内未肌注长效抗精神病药 ,无器质性疾病 ,无酒或药物依赖。共 36例 ,其中男 2 4例 ,女 12例 ;平均年龄 (30 8± 5 6 )岁 ;平均病程 (4 8± 3 8)年 ;PANSS总分为 (84 6± 14 8)分。利培酮治疗剂量为 2～ 6mg/d ,平均 (2 2± 1 6 )mg/d。疗程 6周。不合并其他抗精…     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

广西农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量状况调查

目的研究农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者的生活质量及影响因素。方法前瞻性的队列研究。采用随机分层抽样法分为农村壮族妇女精神分裂症组、农村汉族妇女精神分裂症组、农村正常妇女对照组,应用“世界卫生组织生存质量测定报告”(WHOQOL-100)及PANSS量表调查其生活质量和疾病的严重程度。结果农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量明显低于农村汉族妇女精神分裂症患者,影响其生活质量的相关因素是生活环境及精神支柱/个人信仰。结论经济贫困、环境条件、缺乏有效的医疗服务和社会保障是农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量低的关键。因此,建立农村壮族社区精神卫生服务网络势在必行。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

Onset of action of antipsychotics in the treatment of mania

Introduction: An important consideration in treating acute mania is the promptness with which a chosen therapy can bring symptom amelioration. This article reviews the available published data from controlled, blinded studies regarding the latency of responses to antipsychotics in patients with acute mania.

Methods: Articles for this review were obtained from a search of the Medline database (1966–1999), using the following keywords and phrases: antipsychotic, atypical, bipolar disorder, mania, neuroleptic, typical. The bibliographic sections of articles gleaned from this search were used to direct further inquiries.

Results: Although information regarding the onset of action of antipsychotics is limited, we discovered data for four typical and three atypical antipsychotics. Drugs with the fastest onsets include haloperidol, risperidone, and olanzapine, with onsets appearing in 2–6 days. Chlorpromazine and thiothixene were at the slowest end of the continuum, with onsets of 2 weeks or longer. Data regarding pimozide are mixed, with some studies showing an onset equivalent to that of the 'fast' compounds and others showing one similar to that of the 'slow' compounds.

Conclusions: Choice of therapy should consider not only efficacy and safety, but also onset speed. Atypical antipsychotics appear to offer safer, faster, and more effective therapies.     

The origins of innervation of the esophagus of the dog

This study defined the origins of extrinsic efferent and afferent innervation of the normal canine esophagus. When all the layers of the wall of the 3 esophageal regions (cervical, thoracic and abdominal) were injected with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), labeled nerve cells were found in the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and parasympathetic nucleus of X (PX) of the brainstem. Most labeled cells in the NA were located in the compact column (retrofacial nucleus) while labeled cells in the PX were located in separate rostral and caudal areas. There was no somatotopic organization in either the NA or PX. Labeled sympathetic postganglionic neurons were found in the cranial cervical, middle cervical, cervicothoracic, thoracic sympathetic trunk and celiacomesenteric ganglia. The HRP injection of the esophageal wall labeled sensory cell bodies in the glossopharyngeal, proximal and distal vagal, and C2-T6 spinal ganglia. There was no discernible pattern of distribution of labeled cells in the autonomic or sensory ganglia. When the HRP injections were confined to the mucosa-submucosa layers of the thoracic esophagus, a small number of labeled cells were identified in the NA; however, no labeled cells were found in the NA when injections were confined to the mucosa-submucosa of either the cervical or abdominal esophageal regions. With these confined injections, the labeled nerve cells appeared in the rostral part of the PX. Thus, it appeared that the internal tunics of the esophagus (i.e., the mucosa and submucosa) were innervated by neurons in the rostral PX while the muscular tunic was innervated by neurons in the caudal PX and the rostral NA. After mucosa-submucosa injections, labeled sympathetic neurons appeared in the same ganglia that were identified after whole wall injections and these had a similar random distribution. These injections also labeled neurons in the glossopharyngeal, proximal vagal, and distal vagal ganglia, but unlike the whole wall injections there was no labeling in the spinal ganglia. This suggested that the labeled cells of the spinal ganglia seen after whole wall injections conveyed impulses from the tunica muscularis and serosa.