苍白球内侧核脑深部电刺激联合内囊前肢毁损术治疗Meige综合征的长期疗效评估

目的探讨苍白球内侧核脑深部电刺激(GPi-DBS)联合双侧内囊前肢毁损术(BAIC)治疗Meige综合征的长期疗效。方法回顾性分析19例Meige综合征病人的临床资料,行GPi-DBS联合BAIC治疗,术前及术后不同时间段(3、6、12、18、24、36个月)采用肌张力障碍运动评分量表(BFMDRS)、Yale-Brown强迫症状量表(Y-BOCS)、Hamilton抑郁症状量表(HAMD)、Hamilton焦虑症状量表(HAMA)评分,评价手术疗效。结果术后18个月,共随访19例病人,术后3、6、12、18个月BFMDRS评分较术前明显下降(P0.05),术后12、18个月Y-BOCS、HAMA、HAMD较术前明显下降(P0.05);术后3、6、12、18个月BFMDRS评分平均改善率分别为69.8%、71.6%、72.1%、73.2%。术后24个月,共随访11例病人,BFMDRS、Y-BOCS、HAMA、HAMD术后评分较术前明显下降(P0.05);BFMDRS评分平均改善率为76%。术后36个月,随访3例病人,BFMDRS评分平均改善率为97.5%。1例随访48个月,肌张力障碍症状完全消失,同时强迫、焦虑、抑郁症状明显改善。病人均未出现颅内出血、感染及严重刺激相关并发症。结论 GPi-DBS联合BAIC治疗Meige综合征的长期疗效显著,并发症少,同时明显改善病人的焦虑、抑郁症状,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

丘脑底核脑深部电极刺激术治疗Meige综合征

目的 观察双侧丘脑底核-脑深部电刺激术( STN - DBS)治疗3例Meige综合征患者的术后长期疗效.方法 3例Meige综合征患者接受双侧脑深部电极刺激术,术中微电极记录确定准确靶点定位,术后进行参数程控.术后1、3、6、12、24个月及最后一次复诊时进行随访,采用BFMDRS评价治疗效果,观察参数变化.结果 3例患者术后症状均得到明显改善,术后1个月时3例患者BFMDRS总评分、运动评分及功能障碍评分均有下降,术后3-6个月3例患者BFMDRS总评分、运动评分及功能障碍评分改善最明显,改善率达到90％以上,6个月后疗效稳定.结论 STN- DBS治疗3例Meige综合征患者效果理想,可以成为治疗Meige综合征的一种选择.     

脑立体定向手术治疗Meige综合征二例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨立体定向深部脑刺激术( DBS)和脑内核团毁损术在Meige综合征(MS)中的临床应用.方法 2例患者术前均采用Burke - Fahn - Marsden肌张力障碍运动评分(BFMDRS),1例MS患者行双侧苍白球内侧核(GPi) DBS手术治疗,1例患者行单侧GPi射频毁损术治疗.结果 行双侧GPi - DBS患者术后随访1年改善达83.7％(BFMDRS评分由术前的22.5分减少为4分),随访2年改善率达69.1％左右(BFMDRS评分由22.5分减少为6分),疗效较为稳定.1例行立体定向右侧GPi毁损术,术后1周疗效明显,BFMDRS从28分减少到6分,改善达78.6％;术后3个月BFMDRS评分为15分,改善率为46.2％,术后6个月随访,所有症状恢复到术前水平.结论 双侧GPi - DBS对于传统治疗无效的Meige综合征患者是一种安全有效的治疗方法;对于不能接受DBS手术的患者,行苍白球或丘脑毁损手术也是值得推荐的一种方法.     

国产电刺激器左右异频治疗Meige综合征

目的观察脑深部电刺激术(DBS)使用国产刺激器异频程控治疗Meige综合征的疗效。方法回顾性分析1例Meige综合征的病例资料,在双侧苍白球内侧核(Gpi)植入国产电极刺激器,术中采用微电极准确定位靶点,术后1个月开机进行常规程控,3个月后实施左右异频程控。采用肌张力障碍评分量表(BFMDRS)评价疗效。结果术后1个月开机,症状明显改善,BFMDRS从术前22分降至6分。但由于右侧电极触点邻近内囊后肢,刺激电压较低,病人出现左侧肢体发麻现象,通过增加左侧刺激电压达到治疗效果。术后3个月时症状反复,BFMDRS评分升至10分;改用左右异频刺激,通过降低右侧刺激频率,提升右侧电压改善症状,并降低左侧电压以减少耗电量,病人左侧肢体麻感消失,症状进一步改善,BFMDRS降至4分。结论国产脑深部电刺激器实施双侧Gpi DBS治疗Meige综合征效果理想,左右异频刺激可降低不良反应,进一步提高疗效。     

丘脑底核电刺激术治疗原发性肌张力障碍

目的观察双侧丘脑底核(STN)脑深部电刺激(DBS)治疗原发性肌张力障碍的疗效。方法回顾性分析8例接受双侧STN-DBS的原发性肌张力障碍病人的临床资料。分别在术前和术后1、3、6个月进行Burke-Fahn-Marsden肌张力障碍评分(BFMDRS)和帕金森病综合评分量表(UPDRS),计算两项评分改善率,评价治疗效果。结果 BFMDRS和UPDRS评分的改善率:术后1个月其均值分别为47%和48%,术后3个月为69%和73%,术后6个月为75%和79%。结论 STN-DBS可有效改善原发性肌张力障碍病人的症状,术后疗效稳定。STN是DBS治疗原发性肌张力障碍的理想靶点。     

脑深部电刺激术治疗肌阵挛肌张力障碍综合征三例并文献复习

目的观察脑深部电刺激术(DBS)治疗肌阵挛肌张力障碍综合征(myoclonus dystonia syndrome,MDS)的长期疗效。方法对3例MDS患者行DBS治疗,并进行术后随访。采用UMRS(unified myoclonus rating scale)肌阵挛量表和Burke-Fahn-Marsden肌张力障碍量表(Burke-Fahn-Marsden dystonia rating scale,BFMDRS)评价治疗效果并复习文献。结果本组患者采用丘脑腹外侧中间核DBS,开启刺激后,患者肌阵挛和肌张力障碍的症状均得到明显改善。1例患者因在术后第30个月开始出现新发部位的严重肌张力障碍,后加行双侧苍白球内侧部电刺激术。平均随访64.7个月,肌阵挛平均改善99.1%,肌张力障碍量表运动评分平均改善85.3%,功能障碍评分平均改善78.8%。经长期随访患者疗效稳定。结论 DBS对MDS有良好的治疗效果。     

GPi-DBS治疗药物难治性梅杰综合征的疗效分析

目的评估苍白球内侧部脑深部电刺激术(globus pallidus internus-deep brain stimulation,GPiDBS)治疗药物难治性梅杰综合征(Meige syndrome,MS)的临床疗效。方法收集2016年1月到2018年4月在安徽医科大学附属省立医院神经外科治疗的MS患者11例,均采取GPi-DBS治疗,分别于术前、开机后1月、开机后6月采用Burke-Fahn-Marsden肌张力障碍量表(Burke-Fahn-Marsden dystonia rating scale,BFM)评估患者,计算症状改善率。结果 11例患者均手术成功,无手术相关并发症。患者术前、开机后1个月和开机后6个月均行BFM评分,其中开机后6个月评分低于开机后1个月评分,开机后1个月评分低于术前评分,均具有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 GPi-DBS治疗MS疗效显著,手术风险小,术后开启电刺激治疗后副反应较小,值得临床推广。     

脑深部电刺激术治疗外伤性肌张力障碍的长期随访研究并文献复习

目的 观察双侧丘脑底核-脑深部电刺激术治疗1例继发于脑外伤后节段性肌张力障碍患者的术后长期疗效.方法 患者17岁时遭受严重且卤外伤昏迷20余天,3年后逐渐出现肌张力障碍,呈进行性发展.21岁接受双侧丘脑底核-脑深部电刺激术,术前BFMDRS评分83分,其中运动评分56,功能障碍评分27.自术后1个月给予刺激治疗开始对其进行术后随访,评价治疗效果.结果 开肩刺激器后1周时该患的症状开始有所缓解.给予刺激3个月后该患的症状得到明显改善,BFMDRS总评分改善49%,其中运动症状评分改善50%,功能障碍评分改善48%.在随后随访过程中,该患的肌张力障碍症状进一步得到改善,3.5年时该患情况稳定,肌张力障碍症状未再出现,BFMDRS评分为8分,运动症状评分8分,功能障碍评分0分.持续刺激未引起任何不良反应,患者不再服用相关药物.结论 双侧丘脑底核脑深部电刺激术能够有效的改善外伤性节段性肌张力障碍症状,是一种可供选择的安全有效的治疗方法.     

脑深部电刺激治疗肌张力障碍的疗效分析

目的 探讨脑深部电刺激（DBS）丘脑底核（STN）与苍白球内侧部（Gpi）治疗肌张力障碍的疗效。方法 采用STN-DBS与Gpi-DBS治疗肌张力障碍患者34例,术后1、3、6、12和24个月采用Burke-Fahn-Marsden（BFM）肌张力障碍量表评估疗效。结果 34例患者均顺利完成DBS,其中4例未获得缓解和1例因术后感染行二次手术取出刺激装置。29例患者二期手术开机后随访1~2年,症状均得到不同程度的改善,其中21例原发性患者疗效较好,术后BFM运动评分及残疾评分均较术前有明显改善（P<0.05）。继发性患者行DBS术后上述两项评分有所下降,但较术前比较改善不明显。结论 STN-DBS与Gpi-DBS对原发性肌张力障碍患者疗效明显,对继发性患者疗效差。两个靶点刺激均可使肌张力障碍得到不同程度改善,患者STN-DBS比GPi-DBS术后较早期获得改善。     

脑深部电刺激术治疗原发性全身性肌张力障碍(附2例报告)

目的 探讨关于脑深部电刺激术治疗原发性全身性肌张力障碍疗效的影响因素.方法 评估病程、病情相似的2例原发性全身性肌张力障碍患者接受脑深部电刺激术治疗的术后疗效.病例1:8岁发病,BFMDRS评分100,运动评分80,功能障碍评分20,DYT1基因突变阳性.病例2:18岁发病,BFMDRS评分98,运动评分71,功能障碍评分27,DYT1基因突变阴性.结果 2例患者术后症状均得到了改善,给予刺激治疗5个月时病例1的BFMDRS/运动评分/功能评分分别为38/32/6,病例2分别为66/44/22.病例1术后肌张力障碍症状改善的速度和程度均优于病例2,且病例2术后功能障碍改善较差.结论 脑深部电刺激术治疗原发性全身性肌张力障碍的术后疗效主要与手术时机有很大关系,应早期手术.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

广西农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量状况调查

目的研究农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者的生活质量及影响因素。方法前瞻性的队列研究。采用随机分层抽样法分为农村壮族妇女精神分裂症组、农村汉族妇女精神分裂症组、农村正常妇女对照组,应用“世界卫生组织生存质量测定报告”(WHOQOL-100)及PANSS量表调查其生活质量和疾病的严重程度。结果农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量明显低于农村汉族妇女精神分裂症患者,影响其生活质量的相关因素是生活环境及精神支柱/个人信仰。结论经济贫困、环境条件、缺乏有效的医疗服务和社会保障是农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量低的关键。因此,建立农村壮族社区精神卫生服务网络势在必行。     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

The origins of innervation of the esophagus of the dog

This study defined the origins of extrinsic efferent and afferent innervation of the normal canine esophagus. When all the layers of the wall of the 3 esophageal regions (cervical, thoracic and abdominal) were injected with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), labeled nerve cells were found in the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and parasympathetic nucleus of X (PX) of the brainstem. Most labeled cells in the NA were located in the compact column (retrofacial nucleus) while labeled cells in the PX were located in separate rostral and caudal areas. There was no somatotopic organization in either the NA or PX. Labeled sympathetic postganglionic neurons were found in the cranial cervical, middle cervical, cervicothoracic, thoracic sympathetic trunk and celiacomesenteric ganglia. The HRP injection of the esophageal wall labeled sensory cell bodies in the glossopharyngeal, proximal and distal vagal, and C2-T6 spinal ganglia. There was no discernible pattern of distribution of labeled cells in the autonomic or sensory ganglia. When the HRP injections were confined to the mucosa-submucosa layers of the thoracic esophagus, a small number of labeled cells were identified in the NA; however, no labeled cells were found in the NA when injections were confined to the mucosa-submucosa of either the cervical or abdominal esophageal regions. With these confined injections, the labeled nerve cells appeared in the rostral part of the PX. Thus, it appeared that the internal tunics of the esophagus (i.e., the mucosa and submucosa) were innervated by neurons in the rostral PX while the muscular tunic was innervated by neurons in the caudal PX and the rostral NA. After mucosa-submucosa injections, labeled sympathetic neurons appeared in the same ganglia that were identified after whole wall injections and these had a similar random distribution. These injections also labeled neurons in the glossopharyngeal, proximal vagal, and distal vagal ganglia, but unlike the whole wall injections there was no labeling in the spinal ganglia. This suggested that the labeled cells of the spinal ganglia seen after whole wall injections conveyed impulses from the tunica muscularis and serosa.     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。