诺帝对CXCR4介导的人恶性胶质瘤细胞钙流和白细胞介素8分泌的抑制作用

目的 观测诺帝(Nordy)对人恶性胶质瘤细胞系U87细胞趋化因子受体CXCR4活化后钙流变化及白细胞介素8(IL-8)产生的影响.方法 采用Fluo-4/AM标记钙离子、激光共聚焦显微术观测CXCR4被其配体间质细胞衍生因子-1α(SDF-1α)活化后U87细胞钙流的变化,并通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测细胞培养上清中IL-8的含量;以CXCR4抑制剂AMD3100为对照,用自行合成的化合物诺帝顸处理U87细胞,再用SDF-1α刺激,观测二者对CXCR4活化后引起的钙流变化和IL-8分泌的影响.结果 25～100ng/ml SDF-1α可不同程度地引起U87细胞胞内钙流增加和IL-8分泌量增多,与对照组(无SDF-1α刺激)相比均有显著统计学意义(P<0.05);用1～10μmol/LAMD3100或25～100μmol/L诺帝预处理细胞,再用SDF-1α刺激,上述效应受到抑制.结论 诺帝可抑制CXCR4活化引起的钙流和IL-8产生,这可能是其抗胶质瘤血管生成机制之一.     

胶质瘤中促血管生成素2和血管内皮生长因子基因表达的意义

目的 探讨胶质瘤促血管生成素（Ang2）和血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）基因表达的意义。方法 采用逆转录-酶促链反应（RT-PCR）检测52例人脑胶质瘤中Ang2、VEGF基因的表达，同时采用SABC免疫组化方法检测Ang2蛋白的表达。结果 50例脑胶质瘤表达Ang2 mRNA片段．52例脑胶质瘤表达VEGF mRNA片段。Ang2 mRNA与VEGF mRNA表达呈显著性正相关（r=0，816，P〈0．01）；高度恶性胶质瘤Ang2mRNA、VEGF mRNA表达均显著性高于低度恶性者（P〈0．01）。免疫组化染色显示Ang2蛋白主要分布在高度恶性胶质瘤组织的瘤细胞和内皮细胞．而在低度恶性胶质瘤中呈低水平表达。结论 Ang2与VEGF可能在胶质瘤血管生成中起协同性促进作用。     

IL-13Rα2在脑胶质瘤的表达及临床意义

目的研究白细胞介素13受体α2（IL-13Rα2）在脑胶质瘤中的表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化SABC法检测66例胶质瘤（其中Ⅰ-Ⅱ级31例，Ⅲ-Ⅳ级35例）标本中IL-13Rα2蛋白的表达，并利用RT-PCR法检测20例胶质瘤（其中Ⅰ～Ⅱ级8例，Ⅲ-Ⅳ级12例）新鲜标本中IL-13Rα2mRNA的表达，并与5例正常脑组织对照，分析胶质瘤中IL-13Rα2的表达强度与其病理级别的关系。结果Ⅰ-Ⅱ级胶质瘤和Ⅲ-Ⅳ级胶质瘤IL-13Rα2蛋白和mRNA的表达强度均有显著性差异（P〈0.01），病理级别越高其表达越强。在5例正常脑组织中，IL-13Rα2mRNA和蛋白的表达均为阴性，与胶质瘤相比，差异显著（P〈0.01）。结论IL-13Rα2在脑恶性胶质瘤中高表达，在低级别胶质瘤和正常脑组织仅低表达或不表达。提示在某些情况下IL-13Rα2检测有助于良性与恶性胶质瘤的鉴别诊断。而IL-13Rα2也可作为脑恶性胶质瘤靶向治疗的特异性靶标。     

钙蛋白酶-1在胶质瘤组织中的表达及其对U87细胞侵袭和迁移的影响

目的 探讨钙蛋白酶-1在人脑胶质瘤组织中的表达及其对U87胶质瘤细胞侵袭和迁移的影响。方法 收集2015年1月至2018年3月手术切除的胶质瘤组织和瘤旁正常脑组织各57例。体外培养U87细胞，将阴性对照小干扰RNA（NC组）和钙蛋白酶-1小干扰RNA（钙蛋白酶-1组）转染至人胶质瘤细胞株U87，以未转染的U87细胞为对照组。采用RT-PCR和免疫印迹法检测mRNA和蛋白表达水平，Transwell实验检测U87细胞侵袭能力，划痕实验评估U87细胞迁移能力。结果 胶质瘤组织钙蛋白酶-1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著高于瘤旁正常脑组织（P<0.05）。钙蛋白酶-1组U87细胞钙蛋白酶-1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平、细胞侵袭数目、细胞迁移率以及转化生长因子-β、基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）-2和MMP-9 mRNA表达水平均明显低于对照组和NC组（P<0.05），而对照组和NC组均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 钙蛋白酶-1在人脑胶质瘤中表达升高，而抑制钙蛋白酶-1表达可能通过影响上皮间质转化，抑制胶质瘤细胞侵袭和迁移。     

缺氧条件下全反式维甲酸对U87胶质瘤细胞血管内皮生长因子表达的影响

目的研究模拟缺氧条件下全反式维甲酸(ATRA)对U87胶质瘤细胞血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响及其可能的机制。方法 U87胶质瘤细胞分为空白对照组、缺氧对照组、低浓度干预组、高浓度干预组。CoCl2模拟缺氧,U87胶质瘤细胞经不同浓度ATRA(5、10μmol/L)干预后,实时定量PCR法及Western blot法分别检测细胞中VEGF mRNA、缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)mRNA及VEGF蛋白的表达。结果与缺氧对照组相比,低、高浓度干预组VEGF mRNA表达分别为缺氧对照组的(2.08±0.23)倍及(3.13±0.14)倍,两组与缺氧对照组的差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.01);低、高浓度干预组HIF-1αmRNA表达分别为缺氧对照组的(1.62±0.07)倍及(1.83±0.09)倍,两组与缺氧对照组的差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。而VEGF蛋白相对表达量在缺氧对照组为(2.15±0.12),低浓度干预组为(2.32±0.20),高浓度干预组为(3.09±0.08),各组间差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论在模拟缺氧条件下,ATRA可在转录及翻译水平增加U87细胞中VEGF的表达,而这种表达上调可能部分通过上调HIF-1α表达实现。     

阿苯达唑抑制胶质瘤裸鼠模型肿瘤生长

目的 探讨阿苯达唑（ABZ）对胶质瘤裸鼠模型肿瘤生长的影响。方法 将术中获取的胶质母细胞组织消化为单细胞悬液用无血清干细胞培养基进行培养胶质母细胞瘤干细胞（GSC），用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基培养胶质瘤细胞系U87、U251、U172，以25、50、100、200 ng/ml的终浓度ABZ作用细胞，采用MTT法检测细胞增殖。右侧腋窝皮下注射0.2 ml（5×106个细胞）GSC及U87细胞悬液构建胶质瘤裸鼠模型，将30只胶质瘤裸鼠模型随机分为6组，GSC和U87细胞移植各3组，每种移植瘤模型均分为模型组（腹腔注射等体积DMSO）、低剂量ABZ组（腹腔注射ABZ，50 mg/kg）、高剂量ABZ组（腹腔注射ABZ，100 mg/kg）。定时测量肿瘤长径与短径，计算肿瘤体积；PCR法和免疫印迹法检测裸鼠肿瘤组织血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果 ABZ对GSC、U87、U251和A172细胞生长均具有明显抑制效果（P<0.05），而且抑制效果具有浓度依赖性（P<0.05），浓度>50 ng/ml抑制效果较好。腹腔注射ABZ后，高剂量和低剂量ABZ组移植瘤体积增长较对照组均明显减慢（P<0.05）。高剂量ABZ组和低剂量ABZ组肿瘤VEGF mRNA和蛋白表达水平较对照组均明显降低（P<0.05）。结论 ABZ可以抑制胶质瘤裸鼠模型肿瘤生长，可能与抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和血管生成有关。     

IL-32在神经胶质瘤中的表达及调节机制研究

目的 探讨白细胞介素(IL)-32在神经胶质瘤中的表达及调节机制. 方法 RT-PCR、Western blotting检测体外培养3d的神经胶质瘤细胞株CHG-5、U251 IL-32 mRNA和蛋白的表达;应用10 ng/mL IL-1β、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、TNF-β、干扰素(IFN)-γ作用U251细胞24 h后RT-PCR检测细胞IL-32 mRNA表达的变化;RT-PCR检测不同浓度IL-1β、TNF-α、IFN-γ作用U251细胞不同时间后IL-32 mRNA表达的变化. 结果 U251细胞IL-32 mRNA表达水平高于CHG-5细胞,IL-32蛋白表达水平(0.95±0.42)高于CHG-5细胞(0.28±0.13),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05); IL-1β、TNF-α、IFN-γ作用U251细胞24 h后IL-32 mRNA表达量增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且IL-32 mRNA的表达量对IL-1β、TNF-α、IFN-γ刺激的浓度和时间有依赖性. 结论 IL-32在神经胶质瘤中高表达,IL-1β、TNF-α、IFN-γ对IL-32 mRNA的表达具有调节作用,且存在时间与剂量依赖性.     

IL-13RoL2在脑胶质瘤中的表达及其临床诊断意义

目的探讨自细胞介素13受体α2（IL-13Rα2）在脑胶质瘤中的表达及其与肿瘤恶性程度的关系。方法免疫组化染色检测59例脑胶质瘤、3例脑膜瘤、3例癫痫病灶组织、5例正常脑组织及U251细胞中IL-13Rα2蛋白的表达,分析其与肿瘤恶性程度的关系。结果正常脑组织、脑膜瘤及癫痫病灶中均无IL-13Rα2的表达;而59例胶质瘤组织中33例IL-13Rα2表达阳性,阳性率55．9％;胶质瘤组织IL-13Rα2阳性表达率显著高于非胶质瘤组织（P〈0．05）。高级别胶质瘤（Ⅲ、Ⅳ级）IL-13Rα2阳性表达率为78．1％（25／32）,低级别（Ⅰ、Ⅱ级）胶质瘤为29．6％（8／27）,两者相较差异显著（P〈0．05）。U251细胞IL-13Rα2表达阳性。结论本结果提示胶质瘤中IL-13Rα2蛋白表达与其恶性程度有关。     

Hax-1对胶质瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的作用

目的 探讨造血干细胞特异性相关结合蛋白-1（Hax-1）对胶质瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法 选择2018年9月至2019年6月手术切除并得到术后病理证实的胶质瘤组织35例和颅脑损伤内减压术切除的正常脑组织35例,采用qRT-PCR检测Hax-1 mRNA水平;同时检测胶质瘤细胞系（U87、A172、T98及U343）和人星形胶质细胞（NHAs）Hax-1 mRAN水平。使用Lipofectamine 2000法将Hax-1 siRNAs和阴性对照siRNA转染U87细胞构建Hax-1低表达细胞株,将Hax-1高表达质粒和PCDNA3.1空载质粒转染U343细胞构建Hax-1过表达细胞株,使用蛋白印迹法验证转染效果,采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖,采用Transwell小室实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭,免疫印迹法检测NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白表达水平（NF-κB、CCND1、C-myc、MMP-2、MMP-9）。结果 胶质瘤组织Hax-1 mRNA水平明显高于正常脑组织（P<0.05）;胶质瘤细胞系（U87、A172、T98及U343）Hax-1 mRNA水平明显高于人星形胶质细胞（P<0.05）,其中U87细胞Hax-1 mRNA水平最高,U343细胞最低。U343细胞转染Hax-1过表达质粒后,Hax-1蛋白水平显著增高（P<0.05）,细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移能力均明显增强（P<0.05）,NF-κB p65及IκBα蛋白磷酸化水平以及CCND1、C-Myc、MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白表达水平明显增高（P<0.05）。U87细胞转染Hax-1 siRNA后Hax-1蛋白水平显著降低（P<0.05）,细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移能力均明显降低（P<0.05）,NF-κB p65及IκBα蛋白磷酸化水平以及CCND1、C-Myc、MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白表达水平明显降低（P<0.05）。结论 胶质瘤组织Hax-1呈高表达,明显促进肿瘤细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移,其机制可能与激活NF-κB信号通路有关。     

过表达TBX2对胶质瘤细胞增殖和侵袭的影响

目的 探讨TBX2表达对胶质瘤细胞增殖、侵袭的影响。方法 采用RT-qPCR和免疫印迹法检测53例胶质瘤组织和瘤旁组织TBX2mRNA和蛋白表达水平。体外培养胶质瘤细胞（U251、U87和SHG-44）和正常星型胶质细胞（HA1800）,采用RT-qPCR和免疫印迹法检测细胞TBX2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平。构建TBX2过表达或低表达U251细胞株,分别采用WST-1法检测胶质瘤细胞增殖能力,Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭能力。结果 胶质瘤组织TBX2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显高于瘤旁组织（P<0.05）,而且,高级别胶质瘤TBX2表达水平显著高于低级别胶质瘤（P<0.05）。相比于人正常星型胶质细胞系HA1800,胶质瘤细胞系U251、U87、SHG-44细胞TBX2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均明显增高（P<0.05）;而且,U251细胞TBX2表达水平显著高于U87和SHG-44细胞（P<0.05）,因此使用U251细胞进行后续实验。过表达TBX2显著增加U251细胞增殖和侵袭能力（P<0.05）,低表达TBX2显著抑制U251细胞增殖和侵袭能力（P<0.05）。结论 胶质瘤TBX2呈高表达,与胶质瘤增殖、侵袭能力有关。     

Effect of stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 axis in neural stem cell transplantation for Parkinson’s disease

Previous studies have shown that neural stem cell transplantation has the potential to treat Parkinson’s disease,but its specific mechanism of action is still unclear.Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor,chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4),are important regulators of cell migration.We speculated that the CXCR4/stromal cell-derived factor 1 axis may be involved in the therapeutic effect of neural stem cell transplantation in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.A Parkinson’s disease rat model was injected with 6-hydroxydopamine via the right ascending nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway,and then treated with 5μL of neural stem cell suspension(1.5×104/L)in the right substantia nigra.Rats were intraperitoneally injected once daily for 3 days with 1.25 mL/kg of the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 to observe changes after neural stem cell transplantation.Parkinson-like behavior in rats was detected using apomorphine-induced rotation.Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase,CXCR4,and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in the brain.Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,the mRNA expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4 in the right substantia nigra were measured.In addition,western blot assays were performed to analyze the protein expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4.Our results demonstrated that neural stem cell transplantation noticeably reduced apomorphine-induced rotation,increased the mRNA and protein expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4 in the right substantia nigra,and enhanced the immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase,CXCR4,and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in the brain.Injection of AMD3100 inhibited the aforementioned effects.These findings suggest that the stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 axis may play a significant role in the therapeutic effect of neural stem cell transplantation in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease.This study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Kunming Medical University,China(approval No.SYXKK2015-0002)on April 1,2014.     

Localization of the alpha-chemokine SDF-1 and its receptor CXCR4 in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

We studied the distribution of stromal cell-derived factor 1 isoforms alpha and beta, and their receptor CXCR4, in polymyositis, sporadic inclusion body myositis and dermatomyositis using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. In control muscle, polymyositis and sporadic inclusion body myositis, stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha expression was noted in muscle fibers, while stromal cell-derived factor-1beta and CXCR4 were predominantly localized to capillaries and arterioles. In dermatomyositis, stromal cell-derived factor-1beta immunoreactivity of blood vessels was focally increased. The vast majority of inflammatory cells in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies were CXCR4 positive. A subset of helper T-cells and macrophages expressed stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha, while only rare inflammatory cells expressed stromal cell-derived factor-1beta. A significant increase of stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha and CXCR4 was observed in protein extracts of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in comparison with normal controls. The abundance of both CXCR4 and its ligand stromal cell-derived factor-1 implicates their interaction in the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and identifies these proteins as possible targets for selective immune therapy.     

Upregulation of stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha/CXCR4 axis-induced migration of human neural progenitors by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8

BACKGROUND： Studies of several animal models of central nervous system diseases have shown that neural progenitor cells （NPCs） can migrate to injured tissues. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha （SDF-la）, and its primary physiological receptor CXCR4, have been shown to contribute to this process. OBJECTIVE： To investigate migration efficacy of human NPCs toward a SDF-1α gradient, and the regulatory roles of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-8 （IL-8） in SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis-induced migration of NPCs. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An in vitro, randomized, controlled, cellular and molecular biology study was performed at the Laboratory of Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University between October 2005 and November 2007. MATERIALS： SDF-1α and mouse anti-human CXCR4 fusion antibody were purchased from R＆D Systems, USA. TNF-αwas purchased from Biomyx Technology, USA and IL-8 was kindly provided by the Biotechnology Research Institute of Soochow University. METHODS： NPCs isolated from forebrain tissue of 9 to 10-week-old human fetuses were cultured in vitro. The cells were incubated with 0, 20, and 40 ng/mL TNF-α, or 0, 20, and 40 ng/mL IL-8, for 48 hours prior to migration assay. For antibody-blocking experiments, cells were further pretreated with 0, 20, and 40 μg/mL mouse anti-human CXCR4 fusion antibody for 2 hours. Subsequently, the transwell assay and CXCR4 blockade experiments were performed to evaluate migration of human NPCs toward a SDF-1α gradient. Serum-free culture medium without SDF-1α served as the negative control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The transwell assay was performed to evaluate migration of human NPCs toward a SDF-1α gradient, which was blocked by fusion antibody against CXCR4. In addition, CXCR4 expression in human NPCs stimulated by TNF-α and IL-8 was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS： Results from the transwell assay demonstrated that SDF-1α was a strong chemoattractant for human NPCs （P 〈 0.01）, and 20 ng/mL produced the highest levels of migration. Anti-human CXCR4 fusion antibody significantly blocked the chemotactic effect （P 〈 0.05）. Flow cytometry results showed that treatment with TNF-α and IL-8 resulted in increased CXCR4 expression and greater chemotaxis efficiency of NPCs towards SDF-1α（P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： These results demonstrated that SDF-la significantly attracted NPCs in vitro, and neutralizing anti-CXCR4 antibody could block part of this chemotactic function. TNF-α and IL-8 increased chemotaxis efficiency of NPCs towards the SDF-1αgradient by upregulating CXCR4 expression in NPCs.     

胶质瘤干细胞来源的外泌体对血管内皮细胞增殖和迁移的影响

目的探讨胶质瘤干细胞(glioma stem cells,GSCs)来源的外泌体对人脑微血管内皮细胞(HBMECs)的增殖和迁移的影响。方法培养和分离人胶质瘤U87细胞系来源的胶质瘤干细胞(GSCs),对培养的肿瘤球细胞及其诱导分化的细胞采用免疫组织化学染色的方法鉴定。然后提取胶质瘤干细胞分泌的外泌体(GSCs-exo),分别添加不同浓度的GSCsexo (20μg/ml、40μg/ml、60μg/ml)处理人脑微血管内皮细胞(HBMECs)。在处理结束后,采用CCK-8法检测GSCs-exo对血管内皮细胞增殖的影响、Transwell小室检测GSCs-exo对细胞迁移能力的影响。结果肿瘤球细胞培养状态下呈悬浮生长,免疫组织化学荧光染色法证明培养的肿瘤球细胞中特异性表达CD133和Nestin,其诱导分化的细胞染色可见GFAP和Neun表达阳性。随着GSCs-exo浓度的升高,促血管内皮细胞的增殖能力逐渐增强,迁移能力也大大提高(P 0. 05)。结论在胶质瘤微环境中,胶质瘤干细胞来源的外泌体可以促进血管内皮细胞的增殖和迁移,GSCs-exo可能是胶质瘤血管形成的关键因素。     

CXCR4 is the primary receptor for feline immunodeficiency virus in astrocytes

Feline astrocytes were productively infected with the Crandell feline kidney (CrFK) cell-adapted feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) Petaluma strain in a primary culture. They expressed mRNA of CXCR4, and the FIV infection was blocked by stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha (SDF-1alpha), SDF-1beta, or the bicyclam AMD3100 in a dose-dependent manner. These observations suggest that, like FIV infection in CrFK cells and lymphocytes, the virus uses CXCR4 as a primary receptor for infecting astrocytes and this can be a possible natural model for AIDS dementia complex.     

Effects of cytokines and chemokines on migration of mesenchymal stem cells following spinal cord injury

We investigated the effects of cytokines and chemokines and their associated signaling pathways on mesenchymal stem cell migration after spinal cord injury, to determine their roles in the curative effects of mesenchymal stem cells. This study reviewed the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α, vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin like growth factor-1, stromal cell-derived factor and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, 3 during mesenchymal stem cell migration to damaged sites, and analyzed the signal transduction pathways involved in their effects on mesenchymal stem cell migration. The results confirmed that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine/threonine protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB play crucial roles in the migration of mesenchymal stem cells induced by cytokines and chemokines.     

Transplantation of hypoxia preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhances angiogenesis and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia in rats

Hypoxic preconditioning of stem cells and neural progenitor cells has been tested for promoting cell survival after transplantation. The present investigation examined the hypothesis that hypoxic preconditioning of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) could not only enhance their survival but also reinforce regenerative properties of these cells. BMSCs from eGFP engineered rats or pre-labeled with BrdU were pre-treated with normoxia (20% O(2), N-BMSCs) or sub-lethal hypoxia (0.5% O(2). H-BMSCs). The hypoxia exposure up-regulated HIF-1α and trophic/growth factors in BMSCs, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor FIK-1, erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptor EPOR, stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Meanwhile, many pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were down-regulated in H-BMSCs. N-BMSCs or H-BMSCs were intravenously injected into adult rats 24h after 90-min middle cerebral artery occlusion. Comparing to N-BMSCs, transplantation of H-BMSCs showed greater effect of suppressing microglia activity in the brain. Significantly more NeuN-positive and Glut1-positive cells were seen in the ischemic core and peri-infarct regions of the animals received H-BMSC transplantation than that received N-BMSCs. Some NeuN-positive and Glut-1-positive cells showed eGFP or BrdU immunoflourescent reactivity, suggesting differentiation from exogenous BMSCs into neuronal and vascular endothelial cells. In Rotarod test performed 15days after stroke, animals received H-BMSCs showed better locomotion recovery compared with stroke control and N-BMSC groups. We suggest that hypoxic preconditioning of transplanted cells is an effective means of promoting their regenerative capability and therapeutic potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke.