阿立哌唑对难治性抑郁症的增效作用

目的：探讨艾司西酞普兰联合阿立哌唑治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效及安全性。方法：62例难治性抑郁症患者随即分为合用组（艾司西酞普兰联合阿立哌唑）32例,单用组（单用艾司西酞普兰）30例,疗程8周。于治疗前和治疗2、4、8周分别用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）及治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定疗效与不良反应。结果：两组HAMD评分较治疗前均显著下降（P〈0.01）;两组不良反应差异无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）。结论：艾司西酞普兰联合阿立哌唑治疗难治性抑郁症疗效明显优于单用艾司西酞普兰,安全性较高。     

齐拉西酮对难治性抑郁症的辅助治疗作用

目的:探讨氟西汀联合齐拉西酮治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效和安全性. 方法:76例难治性抑郁症患者随机分为合用组(氟西汀联合齐拉西酮)39例,单用组(单用氟西汀)37例.疗程8周.于治疗前及治疗2、4、8周分别用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应. 结果:两组HAMD、HAMA评分较治疗前均显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),以合用组在治疗各周降分更为明显(P<0.05或P<0.01).两组药物不良反应相仿. 结论:氟西汀联合齐拉西酮治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效明显优于单用氟西汀,安全性较高.     

阿立哌唑对难治性抑郁症的辅助治疗

目的：探讨阿立哌唑对难治性抑郁症的辅助疗效及安全性。方法：将52例难治性抑郁症患著随机分为文拉法辛合并阿立哌唑组和文拉法辛组,治疗4周。于入组前、治疗1、2、4周末分别应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD,17项）、治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）进行评定。结果：治疗1、2、4周两组HAMD评分均显著下降（P〈0．01）,以文拉法辛合并阿立哌唑组更显著较低（P〈0．05）;两组不良反应相仿,结论：文拉法辛合并阿立哌唑治疗难治性抑郁症疗效优于单用文拉法辛,安全性较好。     

阿立哌唑对伴躯体症状抑郁症的辅助治疗作用

目的：探讨氟伏沙明合并阿立哌唑治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症的疗效及安全性。方法：60例伴躯体症状抑郁症患者随机分为氟伏沙明合并阿立哌唑组（合用组）和氟伏沙明组（单用组）,各30例,疗程8周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）,治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定疗效和不良反应。结果：治疗后两组HAMD评分较治疗前均有显著下降（P均〈0.01）,两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,合用组在治疗1周末评分差异已有显著性（P〈0.01）,单用组在治疗2周末差异才有显著性（P〈0.01）,合用组HAMD因子分在焦虑/躯体化和绝望感方面下降较单用组快。两组TESS评分差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论：氟伏沙明合并阿立哌唑治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症疗效较好,且较安全。     

西酞普兰合并阿立哌唑治疗老年抑郁症的对照研究

目的探讨西酞普兰合并阿立哌唑治疗老年抑郁症的疗效。方法将60例老年抑郁症患者随机分成西酞普兰组（单用组）和西酞普兰合并阿立哌唑组（合用组）。共观察6周。于治疗前、后1、2、4、6周末采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD），不良反应量表（TESS）评定疗效及不良反应。结果治疗第6周末，西酞普兰合用阿立哌唑组疗效显著，合用组与单用组的有效率分别为83．3％和60％，有显著性差异（X^2=4．021，P〈0．05）；合用组在1周末起效，单用组在2周末起效；两组治疗后1、2、4周HAMD评分有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；TESS评分无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论西酞普兰合并阿立哌唑治疗老年抑郁症起效快，克服了抗抑郁药起效慢的特点。     

丁螺环酮对难治性抑郁症治疗的辅助作用

目的：观察西酞普兰合并丁螺环酮对难治性抑郁症的疗效和不良反应。方法：对42例难治性抑郁症患者，随机分为合用组(西酞普兰合并丁螺环酮，22例)和单用组(单用西酞普兰，20例)治疗6周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定疗效，以副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果：治疗第1、2、4、6周末两组间HAMD及HAMA评分比较，合用组低于单用组，差异有显著性；治疗6周末合用组显效率达72．7％，显著高于单用组的40％；两组间TESS评分同期比较差异均无显著性。结论：西酞普兰合并丁螺环酮对难治性抑郁症的疗效优于单用西酞普兰，且起效快，不良反应轻微。     

氟西汀合并小剂量阿立哌唑治疗脑卒中后抑郁临床观察

目的观察氟西汀合并小剂量阿立哌唑治疗脑卒中后抑郁的临床疗效和不良反应。方法70例脑卒中后抑郁患肯随机分成氟西汀组和氟四汀合并小剂量阿立哌唑组（治疗组）,疗程8周。于治疗的、治疗后第1、2、4、6、8周末分别采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效和不良反应。结果治疗第8周末,氟西汀合并小剂量阿立哌唑组与氟西汀组显效率分别为85．71％、68．57％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;氟西汀合并小剂量阿立哌唑组在第1周末起效,氟西汀组在治疗后第2周末起效;2组治疗后第1、2、4周末HAMD评分比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,不良反应均较轻。结论氟西汀合并小剂量阿立哌唑治疗脑卒中后抑郁起效快,疗效好,不良反应轻,安全性高,依从性好。     

奥氮平对难治性抑郁症的辅助治疗作用

目的：观察奥氮平联合文拉法辛治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效和不良反应。方法：将92例难治性抑郁症患者随机分成两组，合用组为奥氮平联合文拉法辛，单用组为单用文拉法辛，疗程6周。以汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评定临床疗效；以治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果：治疗后两组HAMD和HAMA的评分均显著降低（P〈0．01），以合用组疗效显著（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论：奥氮平联合文拉法辛治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效优于单用文拉法辛，耐受性好。     

丙戊酸镁缓释剂合并帕罗西汀治疗难治性抑郁症对照研究

目的：观察丙戊酸镁合并帕罗西汀治疗难治性抑郁症组的疗效及安全性。方法：将50例难治性抑郁症患者随机分为合用组（丙戊酸镁缓释剂合并帕罗西汀）25例和单用组（帕罗西汀组）25例。疗程6周。分别评定汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）。结果：合用组HAMD量表分于治疗3周显著下降,单用组HAMD分于治疗4周显著下降,合用组有效率显著高于单用组35％（P〈0．05）。结论：丙戊酸镁缓释剂合并帕罗西汀治疗难治性抑郁疗效确切。     

阿立哌唑对精神病性抑郁的辅助治疗

目的:探讨阿立哌唑联合舍曲林治疗精神病性抑郁的疗效. 方法:62例精神病性抑郁患者随机分为合用组(阿立哌唑联合舍曲林)和单用组(单用舍曲林).治疗8周.以汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)评定临床疗效. 结果:治疗后两组HAMD、HAMA和.BPRS的评分均显著降低,尤以合用组明显(P<0.01));两组不良反应差异无显著性. 结论:阿立哌唑联合舍曲林治疗精神病性抑郁的疗效优于单用舍曲林,且耐受性好.     

Aripiprazole treatment for patients with schizophrenia: from acute treatment to maintenance treatment

The most current treatment guidelines for schizophrenia recommend more than 1 year of maintenance therapy after the first psychotic episode, and more than 5 years of maintenance therapy after multiple psychotic episodes. Approximately two-thirds of such patients are known to relapse within 1 year and almost 90% of such patients may recur within 2 years. To maintain adequate consistent treatment, balancing the efficacy and safety/tolerability should be one of the most important clinical issues. In this respect, aripiprazole appears to be a good treatment option owing to its comparable efficacy, favorable safety and tolerability profile, including low incidence of parkinsonian symptoms, lack of prolactin elevation, decreased adrenergic and anticholinergic side effects, less weight gain and low incidence of metabolic syndrome. Hence this article aims to summarize the currently available clinical trial data of aripiprazole published from a number of large-scale randomized controlled studies, including a newer formulation of intramuscular injection as well as a once-monthly intramuscular depot formulation, to update knowledge of treatment options in patients with schizophrenia.     

Adequate treatment with imipramine in continuation treatment

Maintenance treatment studies done with tricyclic antidepressants have used the equivalent of 150 mg or less of imipramine in prophylactic clinical trials. In an ongoing 3-year maintenance trial, the authors are using imipramine in dosages greater than 150 mg/day for both acute and continuation treatment (4 to 6 months) of recurrent depression in order to test the efficacy of this dosage level. Fifty-seven depressed patients who received tricyclic drug treatment and interpersonal psychotherapy during the acute and continuation phases of the study tolerated this dosage level well (mean dose, 217 mg/day of imipramine), reported few adverse effects on a somatic symptom checklist, and demonstrated a high level of compliance as shown by plasma concentration/dosage (L/D) ratios. The authors found that the time course of the L/D ratio is associated with higher steady-state plasma concentrations than those observed with similar dosages in shorter-term tricyclic antidepressant treatment.     

Family treatment within a psychodynamic treatment milieu

Family therapy for acute inpatient treatment is invaluable. It serves to support the patient as well as the family through the crisis of hospitalization. On intensive treatment milieus, the family treatment augments the other modalities, furthering the reconstitution of the patient by preventing acting out and splitting, providing a holding environment for the family's anxieties, and supporting their interest and involvement in treatment while educating them about the illness and the aftercare needs. The area of inpatient family therapy is still fledgling. Despite early observations about family pathology stemming from inpatient units, the family treatment focus has shifted to outpatient treatment. This has left a vacuum for clinicians whose primary involvement is in inpatient settings. In the past decade, however, more emphasis has been placed on family-oriented units, but the focus has been primarily on the structure and generalized treatment recommendations or on specific interventions tied to illness categories, that is, schizophrenia, anorexia, substance abuse. Unfortunately, these disparate pieces of work have not led to an overall understanding of how to integrate family concepts and treatment strategies for general psychiatric populations into dynamic treatment units. In order to integrate family treatment into a dynamic milieu, an overall assessment of familial ego functioning, strengths and weaknesses, is necessary. Utilizing an ego psychological perspective renders this assessment integratable into the language and interventions of an intensive treatment unit. Identifying drive-taming capabilities, level of object relations, anxiety tolerance, defenses, and adaptive capacities of the whole family allows for the designation of appropriate interventions. These interventions are tailored toward engaging the family's strengths while limiting the destructive nature of existing pathologies. Treatment interventions are based first on the establishment of familial treatment alliances that can withstand the regressive pull of a psychotic or near-psychotic illness. From this the more traditional therapeutic interventions flow, based on the needs of the case. The focus may be purely informative, educative, and supportive or may be more insight oriented, restructuring. The particular choice of interventions, though, is designated by the strengths and weaknesses identified in the assessment. In this manner we can utilize a biopsychosocial model of treatment that is truly integrated and in which the component parts are understood conceptually by all disciplines.     

Residential treatment of adolescents: a treatment model

This paper outlines a residential treatment model for adolescents. An essential component of this model is its emphasis on rehabilitation. Thus, community involvement and, therefore, treatment within the community is a cornerstone of patient management. The model is currently operating with emotionally disturbed adolescents, some with concurrent chronic medical disabilities. Research protocol, evaluating its effectiveness, is in place and will be documented in a future paper.     

Corticosteroids treatment

Corticosteroids (Cs) are widely used for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) acute relapses because of the potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. As for patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS, short-term administrations of Cs markedly less severity of symptoms and promote faster recovery of clinical attacks. Chronic administrations of Cs significantly diminish the formation of T1 hypointense lesions and the progression of brain atrophy. As for patients with secondary progressive MS treatment with Cs delays the time to onset of sustained disability. Finally the association between methylprednisolone and interferon beta (IFNbeta) leads the recovery of active lesions at greater extent and reduces the formation of neutralizing antibodies (NABs) against IFNbeta in patients with RRMS.     

Early treatment

Neurological Sciences - Class I clinical trials demonstrated that immunomodulatory treatments (interferon-β and glatiramer acetate) reduce the disease activity and the accumulation of...     

Migraine treatment

The goal of the Canadian Migraine Forum was to work towards improving the lives of Canadians with migraine by reducing their migraine-related disability. This paper focuses on migraine treatment in its many aspects, including symptomatic therapy of individual migraine headache attacks, prophylactic drug therapy, non-pharmacological interventions, and diagnosis and management of symptomatic medication overuse. Many patients with difficult migraine experience significant frustration in trying to obtain the help they need from our current medical system. Although many symptomatic medications are available for use in migraine, migraine specific medications are still underutilized. An ideal migraine preventative medication does not yet exist, but currently available preventatives do have utility, and are also thought to be underutilized. Behavioral approaches to migraine management as an adjunct to medication therapy show promise, but the availability of programs to bring these to patients is limited, and more research is needed on their efficacy. Symptomatic medication overuse in migraine sufferers remains a large problem in Canada, and better defined treatment paradigms and programs are needed both to prevent and to treat this problem. Such programs should include strong elements of public, patient, and health professional education. A potential solution to some of these problems may be to develop treatment approaches to migraine similar to those that are being developed for other chronic medical disorders. For patients with severe migraine, these would optimally include multidisciplinary teams so that the multiple facets of migraine management can be adequately addressed.