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1.
目的:探讨中国致死性家族性失眠症(FFI)患者的临床及PRNP基因突变特点。方法:对一个FFI家系进行调查并综合分析先证者的临床资料;应用PCR技术结合DNA直接测序方法对先证者进行PRNP基因的突变筛查,回顾分析中国已报道的FFI先证者的临床特点。结果:在该先证者检出朋^垆基因2号外显子上的c.532G〉A(p.D178N)突变及c.385AA(p.129MM)多态,据此可确诊为FFI。Meta分析提示中国FFI患者的临床表现均较典型,PRNP基因单体型均为D178N-129MM。结论:尽管FFI患者的临床表现较典型,但对临床上疑为FFI的患者,仍应进行艄ⅣP基因突变筛查以助确诊。  相似文献   

2.
致死性家族性失眠症一例临床及基因特征   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
目的研究及报道1例致死性家族性失眠症(fatalfamilial insomnia,FFI)的临床及人类朊蛋白(human prion protein,PrP)基因特征。方法分析了1例疑为FFI患者的临床特征,采集血样后抽提DNA,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法结合DNA测序技术,分析患者PrP基因突变。结果根据患者临床表现及PrP基因检测结果(PrP基因532G→A:D178N突变,129基因型为MM)诊断FFI。结论该患者特征性的呼吸困难和内环境紊乱值得重视,PrP基因检测对于确立FFI的诊断具有极其重要的作用,该FFI患者的发现,具有较大的临床和科研意义。  相似文献   

3.
目的报道1例以姿势平衡障碍为突出表现的家族性致死性失眠(fatal familial insomnia,FFI)患者的临床表现和基因特点。方法分析1例以姿势平衡障碍、重复语言为突出表现,曾疑诊为进行性核上性麻痹(progressive supranuclear palsy,PSP)的FFI患者的临床特征、影像学特点、脑电图及多导睡眠监测等资料,并对患者血标本进行朊蛋白PRNP基因检测。结果本例患者为39岁女性,症状逐渐进展,主要表现为姿势平衡障碍、语速快、重复语言,快速进展的认知障碍,伴睡眠相关呼吸暂停、吸气性喘鸣,同时有血压高、出汗多、心动过速、呼吸不规律等自主神经症状。结合患者PRNP基因检测结果为D178N/129M型,最终诊断为FFI。结论吸气性喘鸣或"牛吼声"在FFI的诊断中有提示意义。姿势平衡障碍在FFI临床症状谱中相对罕见,129位氨基酸等位基因多态性为Met/Met纯合子的FFI患者早期以姿势不稳,向后倾倒为主要临床表现的FFI病例,国内鲜有报道。  相似文献   

4.
目的 研究广东省家族性致死性失眠症(FFI)一家系患者的临床特征以及朊蛋白基因突变检测.方法 总结来自广东的一个FFI家系2例患者的临床表现特征,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)、DNA直接测序技术对1例患者进行朊蛋白基因突变检测.结果 先证者主要临床表现为进行性加重的睡眠障碍和行为、认知紊乱,病程后期出现肌阵挛,病程为9个月;先证者哥哥具有类似的临床表现,病程为11个月.先证者朊蛋白基因突变检测结果发现患者为朊蛋白D178N突变,第129位多态位点为甲硫氨酸纯合型.结论 典型的临床表现有助于FFI的诊断,朊蛋白基因检测有助于确诊FFI.  相似文献   

5.
目的 探讨致死性家族性失眠症(fatal familial insomnia,FFI)的临床和生物学特征.方法 总结2例FFI患者的临床表现、治疗与转归特点,并追踪至死亡;对患者进行了较详细的生物学检查,包括生化、电生理、头颅MRI和PET-CT检查及朊蛋白(Prion Protein,PrP)基因测序.结果 2例FFI患者的共性:阳性家族史,临床主要表现睡眠紊乱伴精神、行为异常;影像检查示全脑轻度萎缩(额叶略明显),对称性顶、额叶及丘脑葡萄糖代谢降低;PrP基因532位碱基G突变为A和129MM纯合子变异.例1病情进展相对缓慢,死亡时总病程3年余,以运动系统损害突出,脑脊液14-3-3蛋白阴性;例2的病情进展迅速,死亡时总病程仅半年,以内分泌功能障碍突出,脑脊液14-3-3蛋白阳性,PrP基因173位碱基T-C变异.结论 2例FFI患者临床特点存在差异,可能与PrP基因突变及脑脊液14-3-3蛋白检测结果有关,有待进一步证实.  相似文献   

6.
目的分析致死性家族性失眠症(fatal familiar insomnia,FFI)患者的临床特点及睡眠结构特征,探讨早期诊断方法。方法回顾性总结资料完整的5例FFI患者的临床表现、影像学、视频脑电图、多导睡眠图、实验室检测以及基因检测等资料,并结合文献复习,进行对比分析。结果 5例患者临床均表现为难治性失眠、快速进展性痴呆,颅脑MRI及脑电图未见特异性改变,多导睡眠监测显示睡眠周期消失,睡眠结构紊乱,快速眼动(rapid eyes movement,REM)睡眠缺失。基因检查显示20号染色体朊蛋白(PRNP)基因出现D178N突变,129位氨基酸为M/M型(p.Asp178Asn+p.Met129Met)。结论早期、动态视频脑电及多导睡眠监测有助于FFI的诊断,结合基因检测更可及早确诊。  相似文献   

7.
目的报道1例经基因检查结果证实的家族性致死性失眠症(FFI)家系2例患者的临床表现、影像学检查、睡眠多导图(PSG)检查。方法对于来自于同一个家系的2例中老年亚急性进行性痴呆患者进行临床和神经心理检查,行腰穿、头颅MRI、脑血流灌注、脑电图、PSG以及PRNP基因等检查。结果(1)该家系2代中共有4位患者,先证者和其妹妹先后发病,发病年龄分别为62岁和60岁,主要表现为失眠、睡眠相关喉鸣和不自主运动,快速进展性痴呆以及自主神经障碍。自发病至去世病程分别为10个月和11个月;(2)基因检查显示20号染色体PRNP基因出现D178N突变,129位氨基酸为M/M型;(3)PSG示睡眠效率减低,睡眠结构异常,I期睡眠减少,II期睡眠比例减少,REM睡眠缺如,阻塞性呼吸暂停事件,最低血氧饱和度为83%;(4)头颅MRI基本正常;(5)PET脑血流灌注显像,双侧中下额叶葡萄糖代谢率降低,左侧丘脑前下部葡萄糖代谢率减低。结论 FFI表现为顽固性失眠及睡眠相关障碍、快速进展性痴呆以及自主神经障碍。PSG和PRNP基因检查有助于FFI诊断。  相似文献   

8.
目的 总结致死性家族性失眠症(fatal familiar insomnia,FFI)患者的临床表现和实验室检查的特点.方法 分析1例FFI患者的临床表现、影像学、脑电图及基因等资料,并结合文献进行复习.结果 患者为57岁女性,主要表现为入睡困难,睡眠过程中出现吸气性喉鸣,随后出现反应迟钝、低热、多汗等表现.患者头磁共振DWI序列未出现异常高信号,脑电图监测显示睡眠图消失,无三相波,朊蛋白基因检测显示为D178N-129MM的单倍体型,脑脊液14-3-3蛋白为阴性.结论 朊蛋白基因检测在诊断FFI中具有决定性作用.  相似文献   

9.
目的确定家族性Creutzfeldt—Jakob病(CJD)的临床特点并探讨其可能的发病机制。方法对一个CJD家系进行系谱调查,并采用蛋白捕获法进行脑脊液14-3—3蛋白定量;应用PCR方法,结合DNA测序技术,检测朊蛋白(PrP)基因类型。结果(1)两代4例的发病年龄早于散发性CJD,而且有早发的趋势;(2)先证者脑脊液14-3—3蛋白为125ng/ml,高出截点13.9。倍;(3)先证者PRNP第788碱基和789碱基之间插入1个碱基A,致使PRNP第231位点发生插入突变;(4)患者弟弟及其女儿未发现有PrP基因突变。结论先证者为PRNP第231位点插入突变致家族性CJD,其临床表型与散发性CJD无明显不同,但发病年龄早于散发性CJD,同一家系患者死于同一年龄段。  相似文献   

10.
目的探讨散发性Creutzfeldt-Jakob病(CJD)与朊蛋白(PRNP)基因、载脂蛋白E(APOE)基因突变/变异的关系。方法对临床很可能的7例CJD患者的PRNP基因的开放阅读框架及APOE基因第四外显子进行PCR扩增,产物直接测序,异常者重复测序。结果发现1例患者存在PRNP基因E200K杂合突变,6例患者为PRNP基因129基因型MM,1例患者存在APOE基因ε4等位基因。结论 PRNP基因E200K突变为CJD致病性突变,129MM基因型与散发性CJD易感性相关,APOE基因ε4等位基因可能与散发性CJD进展有关。  相似文献   

11.
The accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau is a common feature of several dementias. Tau is one of the brain microtubule-associated proteins. Here we discuss tau’s functions in microtubule assembly and stabilization and with regard to its interactions with other proteins. We describe and analyze important post-translational modifications: hyperphosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycation, glycosylation, nitration, polyamination, proteolysis, acetylation, and methylation. We discuss how these post-translational modifications can alter tau’s biological function. We analyze the role of mitochondrial health in neurodegeneration. We propose that microtubules could be a therapeutic target and review different approaches. Finally, we consider whether tau accumulation or its conformational change is related to tau-induced neurodegeneration, and propose a mechanism of neurodegeneration.  相似文献   

12.
Dopamine (DA) mediated brain activity is intimately linked to reward‐driven cerebral responses, while aberrant reward processing has been implicated in several psychiatric disorders. fMRI has been a valuable tool in understanding the mechanism by which DA modulators alter reward‐driven responses and how they may exert their therapeutic effect. However, the potential effects of a pharmacological compound on aspects of neurovascular coupling may cloud the interpretability of the BOLD contrast. Here, we assess the effects of risperidone on reward driven BOLD signals produced by reward anticipation and outcome, while attempting to control for potential drug effects on regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). Healthy male volunteers (n = 21) each received a single oral dose of either 0.5 mg, 2 mg of risperidone or placebo in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomised, three‐period cross‐over study design. Participants underwent fMRI scanning while performing the widely used Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task to assess drug impact on reward function. Measures of CBF (Arterial Spin Labelling) and breath‐hold challenge induced BOLD signal changes (as a proxy for CVR) were also acquired and included as covariates. Risperidone produced divergent, dose‐dependent effects on separate phases of reward processing, even after controlling for potential nonneuronal influences on the BOLD signal. These data suggest the D2 antagonist risperidone has a wide‐ranging influence on DA‐mediated reward function independent of nonneuronal factors. We also illustrate that assessment of potential vascular confounds on the BOLD signal may be advantageous when investigating CNS drug action and advocate for the inclusion of these additional measures into future study designs.  相似文献   

13.
Summary. The β-carboline norharman is present in cooked food and tobacco smoke and show structural resemblance to the neurotoxicant 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. C57BL/6 mice were injected subcutaneously with norharman (3 and 10 mg/kg) twice per day for five consecutive days. Eighteen hours after the last dose an increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and fluoro-jade staining were demonstrated whereas the number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive cells were unchanged in the substantia nigra. Two weeks after the last treatment a decreased motor activity was observed whereas cognitive functions remained intact. In cultured PC12 cells norharman treatment induced mitochondrial dysfunction and increased the number of caspase-3 and TUNEL-positive cells. The results demonstrate that norharman induced apoptosis in cultured cells as well as early neurodegeneration, glial activation and sustained motor deficits in mice and suggest that exposure to norharman may contribute to idiopathic Parkinson’s disease.  相似文献   

14.
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an in vivo molecular imaging tool which is widely used in nuclear medicine for early diagnosis and treatment follow-up of many brain diseases. PET uses biomolecules as probes which are labeled with radionuclides of short half-lives, synthesized prior to the imaging studies. These probes are called radiotracers. Fluorine-18 is a radionuclide routinely used in the radiolabeling of neuroreceptor ligands for PET because of its favorable half-life of 109.8 min. The delivery of such radiotracers into the brain provides images of transport, metabolic, and neurotransmission processes on the molecular level. After a short introduction into the principles of PET, this review mainly focuses on the strategy of radiotracer development bridging from basic science to biomedical application. Successful radiotracer design as described here provides molecular probes which not only are useful for imaging of human brain diseases, but also allow molecular neuroreceptor imaging studies in various small-animal models of disease, including genetically-engineered animals. Furthermore, they provide a powerful tool for in vivo pharmacology during the process of pre-clinical drug development to identify new drug targets, to investigate pathophysiology, to discover potential drug candidates, and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in vivo.  相似文献   

15.
目的探讨星形胶质细胞(astrocyte,AS)对天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,caspase)介导β淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid,Aβ)早期突触毒性作用的影响,以期为进一步研究与血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,Va D)的发病机制奠定基础。方法以原代培养大鼠海马纯神经元体系(NE-S)及混合培养体系(MIX-S,主要包含神经元及AS)为研究对象,各体系分为6组:对照组、caspase-8抑制剂组、caspase-9抑制剂组、Aβ处理组、caspase-8抑制剂预处理加Aβ组和caspase-9抑制剂预处理加Aβ组。免疫荧光检测各组近胞体10μm段树突中突触后密度蛋白(postsynaptic density-95,PSD95)表达量的变化。结果 1在NE-S与MIX-S中,与对照组相比,caspase-8抑制剂组、caspase-9抑制剂组PSD95的表达量均无明显差异,Aβ处理组PSD95的表达量均显著降低(P均0.001)。2在NE-S中,与Aβ处理组相比,caspase-9抑制剂预处理加Aβ组PSD95的表达量显著回升至对照组水平,caspase-8抑制剂预处理加Aβ组则无显著改变;在MIX-S中的结果则相反,即caspase-8抑制剂预处理加Aβ组PSD95的表达量显著回升至对照组水平,而caspase-9抑制剂预处理加Aβ组则无显著改变。3MIX-S与NE-S两种培养系统间相比较,对照组间及Aβ处理组间PSD95的表达量均无显著差异,而caspase-8抑制剂预处理加Aβ组间及caspase-9抑制剂预处理加Aβ组间PSD95的表达量差异有显著性。结论在Aβ早期突触毒性作用中,AS参与caspase-8介导的死亡受体通路激活过程,且参与抑制神经元的线粒体通路。  相似文献   

16.
Dahl  N. A.  Looney  G. A.  Black  W. H. 《Acta neuropathologica》1982,57(2-3):111-120
Summary This paper examines the neuropathology of oxygen-glucose deprivation uncomplicated by stagnant conditions. Rabbit vagus nerves were pulled into asmulti-compartment perfusion chamber, stimulated five times per second and deprived of energy by substituting nitrogen and deoxyglucose for oxygen and glucose in the Locke's perfusate. After incubation the compartments were perfused with gluteraldehyde solution, and the nerves were prepared for electron microscopy. Fixation in the compartments ensured precise cross and longitudinal sections which permitted quantitative comparisons. Although the action potentials ceased in 45 min, 1 h of energy deprivation did not significantly affect the ultrastructure. After 2 h of deprivation the axons were smaller and flattened and microtubules appeared packed together. In the smallest axons the microtubules were gone, the neurofilaments were compacted and the few mitochondria had a dense, homogenous appearance. By 4 h the shrinking was extreme, yet 8% were swollen much larger than any of the controls. Longitudinal views showed these balloned areas were greatly expanded regions of the smallest axons. Both tiny and huge regions were devoid of microtubules and the swollen axons contained expanded mitochondria.Calcium is indirectly implicated in the pathogenesis by the concurrence of mitochondrial alteration as the microtubules disappear coupled with the known role of mitochondria in calcium regulation and the reported effect of high calcium on microtubual dissociation. In is suggested that axons first shrink as osmotially active molecules are used or washed out. After a time without energy the mitochondria can no longer regulate the intracellular calcium, microtubules dissociate, and calcium-activated phospholipases create osmotically active molecules. Finally, high-amplitude, disruptive swelling occurs.Supported, in part, by a Grant-in-aid from the American Heart Association with funds contributed by the American Heart Association, Kansas Affiliate and by the University of Kansas Biomedical Sciences Support Grant RR0737  相似文献   

17.
目的 应用超声造影观察缺血性卒中并发2型糖尿病患者颈动脉斑块内新生血管分布情况,明确其 斑块内新生血管分布特征。 方法 病例组选取因急性缺血性卒中住院的糖尿病患者40例(入组前未服用降糖药),卒中同侧颈 动脉斑块形成;对照组为同期门诊就诊的颈动脉斑块形成患者,无卒中病史,性别及年龄匹配的非 糖尿病患者32例。两组患者行弓上计算机断层扫描血管造影(computed tomography angiography,CTA) 检查排除主动脉弓斑块及颅内动脉病变,排除卵圆孔未闭及心房颤动等。对所有患者均行常规超声 及超声造影检查。常规超声观察斑块厚度及内部回声,超声造影观察斑块增强情况,横切面多角度 观察,将超声造影结果分为近内膜处有增强(代表新生血管)及近内膜处无增强两种。 结果 两组患者颈动脉斑块厚度及回声情况差异无统计学意义。超声造影结果显示病例组颈动脉 斑块近内膜处增强者34例(85%),对照组近内膜处增强12例(37.5%),差异有统计学意义(χ 2=17.38, P<0.01)。 结论 未服用降糖药的2型糖尿病并发急性缺血性卒中的患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块内近内膜处新生 血管增生多于无糖尿病患者,提示血糖升高与颈动脉斑块内血管新生有关。  相似文献   

18.
王聪杰  李虹  郑丽  刘珊  卢海丽  陈娜  张斌  周衡 《中国卒中杂志》2021,16(10):1044-1049
目的 观察rt-PA静脉溶栓联合双重抗血小板治疗轻型缺血性卒中的有效性及安全性。 方法 以2013年12月-2016年12月在石家庄市第一医院连续住院治疗的轻型缺血性卒中患者为研究 对象,将其随机分为对照组、溶栓+单抗组和溶栓+双抗组。对照组不进行静脉溶栓,长期口服阿 司匹林(100 mg/d)抗血小板治疗;溶栓+单抗组在rt-PA静脉溶栓(0.9 mg/kg,最大剂量90 mg)基 础上长期单用阿司匹林(100 mg/d)抗血小板治疗;溶栓+双抗组在溶栓后单抗基础上加用氯吡格雷 (75 mg/d)双重抗血小板治疗,双抗治疗21 d后改为阿司匹林长期单抗治疗。随访3个月,有效性指标 为3个月时NIHSS 0~1分、Barthel指数(Barthel index,BI)95~100分和mRS 0~1分的比例,3个月时缺 血性卒中的复发率;安全性指标为治疗24 h出血转化和症状性出血转化的发生率。另外比较三组间 基线和3个月时血清hs-CRP和IL-6的水平差异。 结果 研究共纳入85例患者,对照组28例,溶栓+单抗组28例,溶栓+双抗组29例,全部患者均完 成3个月随访,无死亡患者。对照组、溶栓+单抗组和溶栓+双抗组3个月随访时NIHSS 0~1分比例分 别为46.43%、78.57%和93.10%,BI 95~100分比例分别为53.57%、82.14%和89.66%,mRS 0~1分 的比例分别为50.00%、82.14%和93.10%,三组上述有效性指标差异均有统计学意义,两两比较显 示,溶栓+双抗组高于溶栓+单抗组和对照组,溶栓+单抗组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义;对 照组、溶栓+单抗组和溶栓+双抗组3个月时缺血性卒中复发率分别为32.14%、7.14%和3.45%,差异 有统计学意义。安全性指标方面,三组均无出血转化事件。对照组、溶栓+单抗组和溶栓+双抗组3 个月时的hs-CRP水平分别为11.92±3.58 mg/L、9.04±2.85 mg/L和6.04±2.65 mg/L,IL-6水平分别为 26.18±4.65 ng/L、16.11±6.93 ng/L和12.84±2.57 ng/L,三组上述炎症因子水平差异均有统计学意 义,其中溶栓+双抗组低于溶栓+单抗组和对照组,溶栓+单抗组低于对照组。 结论 对于急性轻型缺血性卒中患者,rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗后短期双重抗血小板治疗可显著改善患 者神经功能,降低炎症因子水平,降低复发率,且不增加出血风险。  相似文献   

19.
Post-translational modifications are rapid, effective and reversible ways to regulate protein stability, localization, function, and their interactions with other molecules. Post-translational modifications usually occur as chemical modifications at amino acid residues, including SUMOylation, phosphorylation, palmitoylation, acetylation, etc. These complex biochemical modifications tightly regulate and control a variety of cellular processes. Several forms of post-translational modifications of huntingtin (Htt) have been described. These modifications affect Htt metabolism, protein-protein interactions and cellular toxicity. Cleavage and clearance of mutant Htt, and the interactions between mutant Htt and other cellular proteins are important biochemical events leading to Huntington’s disease (HD). Therefore, identifying signaling pathways of Htt modification and evaluating the significance of Htt modifications would lead to a better understanding of the normal function of wild-type Htt and the pathogenic mechanisms of mutant Htt.  相似文献   

20.
Summary. Role of excitatory amino acids, glutamate, aspartate, and inhibitory amino acids, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine in brain damage caused by heat stress was examined in a rat model. Subjection of rats to 4 h heat stress at 38°C in a biological oxygen demand (BOD) incubator resulted in a marked increase in glutamate and aspartate in some brain regions, whereas a significant decline in GABA and glycine was observed in several brain areas. Profound behavioural alterations and impairment of motor and cognitive functions were seen at this time. Breakdown of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), reduction in regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), edema formation and cell injuries are prominent in several parts of the brain. Pretreatment with multiple opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly restored the heat stress induced decline in GABA and glycine and thwarted the elevation of glutamate and aspartate in various brain areas. The motor or cognitive deficits were also attenuated. A significant reduction in BBB permeability, cerebral blood flow abnormalities, edema formation and cell injuries was evident. These novel observations suggest that (i) glutamate, aspartate, GABA and glycine are involved in the pathophysiology of heat stress, and (ii) a balance between excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in brain is crucial in hyperthermia induced brain injuries or repair.  相似文献   

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