托吡酯治疗难治性癫癎的疗效观察

目的　评价托吡酯 (TMP)添加治疗难治性癫的疗效和其不良反应 ,以及对原服用AEDS 血中浓度的影响。方法　采取开放性试验的方法对 80例难治性癫进行添加托吡酯治疗 ,观察其疗效。结果　托吡酯作为添加治疗难治性癫总有效率5 8 6% ,对单纯部分性发作有效率 66 7% ,复杂部分性发作 2 5 % ,且完全控制率 12 9% ,不良反应均与CNS有关 ,多为一过性。但儿童的无汗、体重减轻 ,持续时间长。原服用AEDS 血中浓度在添加托吡酯前后无明显变化。结论　托吡酯治疗难治性癫有效 ,但要注意用药量的个体化。     

托吡酯单药治疗癫癎的临床观察

目的观察托吡酯(TPM)单药治疗癫癎的临床疗效和不良反应.方法应用TPM治疗64例癫癎患者,平均日剂量为138 mg,服药6～36个月,将每例患者治疗最后3个月的发作次数与基础期比较,并观察记录其不良反应.结果本组总有效率为78.1%,其中控制率为42.2%.不良反应的发生率为70.3%,中枢神经系统的不良反应占57.1%,多数较轻微且持续时间较短.10例(15.6%)因治疗无效、不良反应或经济等原因终止治疗.结论 TPM长期单药治疗癫癎疗效明显,耐受性好,较为安全.     

托吡酯添加治疗难治性癫癎的临床观察

目的　观察添加托吡酯对难治性癫的临床效果与副作用。方法　对 18例难治性癫患者 ,加用TPM后观察其发作频率并与加用前进行比较 ,计算总有效率。同时进行临床疗效和副作用观察。结果　病人加用托吡酯后总有效率为 5 0 % ,其中显效率达 2 2 2 % (3例未再发作 )。副反应以胃肠道反应及神经系统症状为主 ,发生率为 5 2 6%。结论　加用TPM治疗难治性癫安全有效。     

应用托吡酯治疗小儿难治性癫癎的临床研究

目的观察托吡酯治疗小儿难治性癫癎疗效、用药方法及副反应.方法采用开放性方法对31例小儿难治性癫癎患者进行单用或加用托吡酯治疗.观察其疗效及副反应.结果托吡酯治疗小儿难治性癫癎总有效率67.7%.38.7%患儿停止发作,对部分性发作疗效较好.其他类型发作亦有一定疗效.平均有效剂量为(4.0±1.8)mg@kg-1@d.副反应主要为体重减轻(16例,56.6%),神经系统症状,少汗或无汗,皮疹等,结论托吡酯对小儿难治性癫癎有良好疗效.     

托吡酯治疗老年继发性癫癎患者的临床观察

目的观察及评价托吡酯对老年性继发性癫癎患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法收集2007年1月~2008年12月神经内科门诊患者中60岁以上老年继发性癫癎患者40例,只给予托吡酯治疗,而且未服用其它任何抗癫癎药物,于3、6、12个月进行随访,评价托吡酯的临床疗效和安全性。结果 40例患者的有效率均在80%以上。无1例患者发生重度不良反应。结论托吡酯治疗老年继发性癫癎患者有效且安全。     

托吡酯长期治疗儿童癫(癎)部分性发作疗效及耐受性的观察

目的观察托吡酯长期治疗儿童癫(癎)部分性发作的疗效、耐受性及安全性.方法对86例癫(癎)部分性发作的患儿给予托吡酯加用或单药治疗,起始剂量为0.5～1.0 mg/(kg·d),分2次口服,每周增加0.5～1.0 mg/(kg·d),经过8周加量期及18个月稳定期,观察其疗效、耐受性及安全性.结果 86例患儿完成加量期后,总有效率为61.6%,控制率为37.2%.稳定期6、12及18个月时总有效率分别为68.6%、81.9%及86.4%,控制率分别为46.5%、59.0%及60.5%,稳定期12及18个月时总有效率及控制率与加量期比较差异有显著性(均P<0.05).不良反应多发生在治疗初期,为一过性轻～中度嗜睡、厌食等.在稳定期18个月时仍有78例(90.7%)坚持服用托吡酯.结论托吡酯对儿童癫(癎)部分性发作的长期治疗,具有较高的疗效及较好的安全性与耐受性.     

托吡酯单药治疗小儿癫癎45例疗效观察

目的 托吡酯(TPM)单药治疗儿科癫癎的疗效及安全性。方法 45例患儿入组,TPM目标维持剂量为2.5mg/(kg·d)。基础期1个月,记录癫癎发作次数;加药期2-3个月;稳定期3个月,坚持服用维持剂量,记录发作次数及不良反应。结果 45例患儿癫癎总有效率为82.2％,其中显效71.1％,无效17.7％,治疗各种类型癫癎有效率均>75％,不良反应率58％。多数短暂而轻微。结论 TPM单治小儿癫癎疗效明显,且较安全。     

托吡酯治疗难治性癫癎32例分析

目的观察托吡酯治疗难治性癫痫的疗效与安全性。方法对32例难治性癫痫患者加用托吡酯治疗进行临床观察研究。结果15例患者发作频度减少≥50％,8例患者发作频度减少到26％～49％,疗效较佳;各种类型癫痫之间发作减少差异不显著;与不同抗癫痫药物合用疗效无差异。结论托吡酯是一种有效的广谱抗癫痫药,能与常用抗癫痫药合用。     

托吡酯单药治疗各型癫癎的临床研究

目的观察托吡酯单药治疗成人和儿童各型癫癎的临床效果与安全性.方法用开放性试验的方法对34例癫癎患者进行了添加转单药以及首诊单药的托吡酯治疗;以加用托吡酯前3个月的月均发作频率为基准,与单用或转换单用托吡酯进入稳定期后3个月的月均发作频率进行比较,按常规计算发作减少百分比的中位值和有效率百分比.结果托吡酯无论在添加转单药还是单药的治疗上均有明显疗效,且抗谱广,可用于单纯部分性发作有或全面性发作、复杂部分性发作有或全面性发作、婴儿痉挛症,无耐药现象.14岁以上者托吡酯单药治疗的剂量明显低于添加治疗组.托吡酯的副反应以中枢神经系统最常见,但导致治疗中断的副反应尚未见到.结论托吡酯是一个广谱抗癫癎药,疗效肯定,无耐药性,无严重副反应,可用于单药治疗.     

托吡酯加用及单用治疗老年癫癎发作的临床观察

目的观察加用及单用托吡酯二种方式治疗老年癫癎患者的临床疗效和副反应,探讨单用托吡酯更快、更有效的给药方式.方法老年癫癎患者124人,分为加用组(A组)52例患者,在服用卡马西平或苯妥英钠的基础上加用托吡酯25 mg/d,增量25 mg/周至200 mg/d;单药组72例患者按初始剂量及加量速度不同又分为M1、M2、M3组,M1组患者托吡酯25 mg/d,增量25 mg/周至200 mg/d;M2组患者托吡酯初始剂量50 mg/d,增量25 mg/周至200 mg/d;M3组患者托吡酯初始剂量50 mg/d,增量25 mg/3 d至200 mg/d.结果各组患者托哟酯总有效率分别为加用组82.7%,单药组初始剂量25 mg/d组82.6%,初始剂量50mg/d,增量25 mg/周组84.0%,初始剂量50 mg/d,增量25 mg/3 d组70.8%,加用组和M1、M2组单用托吡酯总有效率比较无明显差异(P＞0.05).发生率比较高的副反应为感觉异常、食欲差和头痛.结论可单用托吡酯并给予较大初始剂量(50 mg/d),以25 mg/周速度增量治疗老年癫癎.     

妥泰单药治疗部分性癫痫的疗效观察

目的 观察妥泰单药治疗部分性癫痫病人的疗效及安全性。方法 对30例部分性癫痫患者应用妥泰单药治疗20周,于治疗前观察并记录基础发作频率,剂量从25mg/d开始,每周增加25mg,共8周,达有效剂量或200mg/d后维持治疗12周,并观察癫痫发作频率变化及不良反应等。结果 发作完全控制16例（53．3％）,发作减少≥75％6例（20％）,发作减少≥50％2例（6．7％）,发作减少＜50％6例（20％）。病程短者治疗效果较好。首次接受抗癫痫药物治疗者发作完全控制比例明显高于经治过的病人。治疗过程中无严重不良反应。结论 妥泰单药治疗对控制单纯部分发作及复杂部分性发作均有良好的效果,且耐受性、安全性好。     

Topiramate on the quality of life in childhood epilepsy

This study evaluated the effect of topiramate (TPM) on the quality of life (QOL) in childhood epilepsy, using the Korean quality of life in childhood epilepsy (K-QOLCE) questionnaire. An open label, prospective, observational study of the families of 664 children with epilepsy from 41 centers was conducted. The parents completed the K-QOLCE at the baseline visit and again 6 months after starting TPM treatment. The parents reported the seizure frequency at both assessment dates. Statistically significant improvements in all K-QOLCE domains except social functioning were found at 6 months after starting TPM treatment from the baseline-scores (P < 0.05). However, improved QOL scores were not dependent on the reduction in seizure frequency. TPM significantly improved QOL in children with epilepsy, suggesting its potential clinical benefits.     

Seizure worsening with Topiramate amongst Indians with refractory epilepsy

In a prospective open label add-on study on 95 patients (age 1-63 years, mean 17.76 +/- 13.83 years) with seizures refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and other new AEDs, the addition of Topiramate (TPM) resulted in seizure worsening in 18 patients (19%) necessitating drug withdrawal over an average follow-up period of 4.94 +/- 1.69 months. Patients who had seizure worsening were older (P = 0.02), were more likely to have had a history of status epilepticus in the past (P = 0.03), were on three conventional AEDs (P = 0.027) or had tried one of the other new AEDs in the past with poor response (P = 0.04). Seven of 18 patients who had seizure worsening with TPM (7.4%) experienced initial seizure worsening, probably representing the subgroup with 'true' seizure worsening whilst 11 (11.6%) had initial improvement followed by 'apparent' seizure worsening. Initial seizure worsening was noted to be significantly more in females when compared with males who worsened after initial improvement (P = 0.05).     

托吡酯添加治疗难治性癫(疒间)的有效性和安全性

目的探讨托吡酯添加治疗难治性癫疒间的有效性和安全性。方法对115例难治性癫疒间患者应用托吡酯小剂量逐渐添加的开放性自身对照研究,第8周达最大耐受量后维持1~3年或以上。评定托吡酯的长期疗效、安全性及其与剂量的关系。结果治疗第8周、6个月、1年、2年和3年发作频率减少百分比的中位数:成人分别为56.0%、75.8%、76.1%、77.3%、78.1%,儿童分别为32.1%、66.7%、68.9%、70.1%、70.8%。部分性发作的有效率(70.6%)高于全面性发作(37.5%,P<0.05),其中10例(11.3%)无发作>2年。有效组维持剂量成人为(129.3±54.3)mg/d,儿童为(3.1±1.4)mg/(kg.d)。1年、2年及3年托吡酯保留率分别为72.2%、62.5%和56.1%。33例(28.7%)出现不良反应,大部分出现在加量期,最常见的为胃纳差。因不良反应退出6例(8.2%),因疗效不佳退出16例(21.9%)。结论托吡酯添加治疗难治性癫疒间长期有效、安全,对部分性发作效果更佳。剂量个体化可使不良反应轻微和可耐受。     

托吡酯长期治疗对成年癫疒间患者血清甲状腺激素水平的影响

目的 探讨托吡酯(TPM)长期治疗对成年癫疒间患者血清甲状腺激素水平的影响.方法 用化学发光分析法测定成年癫疒间组患者(32例)TPM治疗前、后的血清甲状腺激素水平,并与健康对照组(40人)进行比较. 结果治疗前成年癫疒间组患者甲状腺激素水平与健康对照组比较无统计学意义(均P>0.05);TPM治疗后3个月、6个月、12个月及24个月的甲状腺激素水平与治疗前及健康对照组比较差异亦无统计学意义(均P>0.05).结论 TPM短期与长期治疗对成年癫疒间患者的甲状腺激素水平没有影响.     

Topiramate treatment for nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy

PURPOSE: Aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the antiepileptic drug topiramate (TPM) in a sample of patients with nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE). METHODS: A 24 patients with video-polysomnographically confirmed NFLE received topiramate as single or add-on therapy. They all completed diaries concerning the seizures frequency and complexity and underwent to periodic follow-up visits. We classified the patients as: seizure-free, responders or non-responders. RESULTS: 15 M; 9 F; mean age 29.3+/-10.4 years. The video-polysomnographic recordings showed a wide spectrum of seizures, ranging from repeated stereotypic brief motor attacks to prolonged attacks, with complex and bizarre behaviour; the recorded episodes occurred during non-REM sleep, both stage 2 and stage 3-4. The EEG during wakefulness was normal in all the patients, while seven of them showed epileptiform abnormalities during polysomnography. TPM was administered as single or add-on therapy from 50 to 300mg daily at bedtime. The follow-up duration ranged from 6 months to 6 years. The patients were classified as: seizure-free=6 (25%); responders (reduction of at least 50% of seizures)=15 (62.5%); non-responders=3 (12.5%). The adverse events were: weight loss (6 pts, 25%); paresthesias (3 pts, 12.5%); speech dysfunction (2 pts, 8.3%). All the adverse events disappeared within 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, TPM seems to be effective in about 90% of patients with NFLE. Few of them experienced transitory adverse events. TPM could be included in the options for patients with this form of epilepsy.     

Topiramate or valproate in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: a randomized open-label comparison

Few randomized, controlled trials evaluating antiepileptic drug (AED) efficacy and tolerability have focused solely on patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). We conducted a pilot, randomized controlled trial comparing topiramate (N=19) and valproate (N=9) in adolescents/adults with JME to evaluate clinical response when these broad-spectrum agents are titrated to optimal effect. Rating scales were used to systematically assess tolerability. Among patients completing 26 weeks of treatment, 8 of 12 (67%) in the topiramate group and 4 of 7 (57%) in the valproate group were seizure-free during the 12-week maintenance period. Median daily dose was 250mg topiramate or 750mg valproate. Two (11%) topiramate-treated patients and one (11%) valproate-treated patient discontinued due to adverse events. Systemic toxicity scores, but not neurotoxicity scores, differed substantially between the two groups; greater systemic toxicity was associated with valproate. Our preliminary findings that topiramate may be an effective, well-tolerated alternative to valproate warrant validation in a double-blind trial.     

Long-term safety and efficacy of zonisamide in patients with refractory partial-onset epilepsy

Objectives –  To investigate whether zonisamide remains effective and well tolerated in the treatment of refractory partial epilepsy during long-term treatment and with flexible dosing in clinical practice.
Materials and methods –  Patients with refractory partial epilepsy who completed a fixed-dose, randomized, double-blind clinical trial were recruited in an open-label extension study with adjustment of zonisamide and other antiepileptic drug dosage according to the treating physician's usual clinical practice.
Results –  An intention-to-treat analysis of 317 patients showed that zonisamide was well tolerated with a predictable safety profile. Patient retention rates at 1, 2 and 3 years were 65.3%, 44.5% and 28.8%, respectively. Zonisamide treatment was associated with a maintained reduction in seizure frequency, with some patients achieving prolonged periods of seizure freedom.
Conclusions –  Flexible dosing with zonisamide demonstrated a good safety profile and sustained efficacy in the long-term adjunctive treatment of refractory partial epilepsy.     

Topiramate in the treatment of severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of topiramate (TPM) as an add-on regimen in reducing seizure rate in a population sample of patients diagnosed with severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SME). Eighteen patients were evaluated. The mean observation time was 10.5 months (range, 6-18 months). Seizure frequency and type were recorded. Topiramate was administered as an add-on regimen at a starting dose of 1 mg kg(-1)and titrated to a maximum of 6-8 mg per kg per day. Different escalation rates were used, mainly weekly or fortnightly increments of dose. Three patients (16.6%) became seizure free, and 10 (55.6%) had a >50% reduction in seizure frequency: six of them (22.2%) achieved a reduction greater than 75%. Side-effects were observed in nine patients, eight with a weekly titration schedule and one with a fortnightly schedule. TPM is effective as adjunctive therapy for SME. Side-effects were mild and transient, generally related to rapid dosage titration.