酒依赖患者人格特征及酒依赖程度的影响因素分析

目的:探索酒依赖患者的人格特征,以及酒依赖程度的影响因素。方法:运用明尼苏达多相人格调查表(MMPI)和酒依赖筛查量表(MAST)测查150例住院酒依赖患者(研究组)进行评估并与正常人(对照组)进行比较。以年龄、受教育年限、病程、发病年龄、饮酒时间、每日饮酒量以及MMPI 10个临床量表分作自变量,依次将酒依赖患者MAST 5个因子分作为因变量,进行多元逐步回归分析。结果:研究组的校正量表分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),诈病、疑病、抑郁、癔症、精神病态、偏执、神经衰弱、精神分裂、轻躁狂量表分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。多元逐步回归分析显示,对饮酒问题的认识分与Pa、Pt、饮酒时间、受教育年限存在相关性(P均0.05);工作社会分与Hy、Pt存在相关性(P均0.05);肝脏疾患分与D、受教育年限存在相关性(P均0.05)。结论:酒依赖患者有明显的人格偏离,某些人格特质、受教育时间和持续饮酒时间影响患者酒依赖程度。     

酒依赖与抑郁症

本文对酒与抑郁症状的关系，流行病学及酒依赖所致抑郁症状的临床特征、生物学研究进行简单介绍。     

酒依赖和酒中毒患者对乙肝病毒易感性的调查结果

鉴于我国乙型肝炎 (ＨＢＶ)感染率较高[1,2 ] 。为此 ,作者探索了精神病院的酒依赖和酒中毒患者对ＨＢＶ感染的现状 ,现将结果报道于后。1　对象与方法1.1　对象1.1.1　研究组　本文对象均符合ＣＣＭＤ - 2 -Ｒ中酒依赖与酒中毒性精神障碍的诊断标准的患者 ,共 156例。其中血清病原学资料完整者 12 6例 ,均为男性 ,年龄为 2 5～ 59岁 ,平均 (37.4 3± 9.6 2 )岁 ,饮酒史 5～ 4 2年 ,平均 (16 .2± 11.4 2 )年。其中大专以上文化 6例 ,高中 2 2例 ,初中 35例 ,小学 33例 ,文盲 30例。1.1.2　对照组　为接受定期健康体检的群体 ,并随机抽取其…     

男性酒依赖患者的血细胞学变化及与临床特征的相关性

目的 探讨男性酒依赖患者临床特征与外周全血细胞变化的关系.方法 选取2020年1—12月在河北医科大学第一医院精神卫生中心住院治疗的88例男性酒依赖患者为酒依赖组,配对同期在我院进行健康体检的88名男性为对照组.通过电子病历系统回顾患者的一般资料及全血细胞计数指标,并计算血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR),比较酒依赖组与对...     

社会心理因素对酒依赖的影响

从社会文化、家庭环境、朋友圈、生活压力这四个方面对酒依赖形成的相关报道进行综述.     

酒依赖的遗传学研究

本文对酒依赖遗传学研究的近期资料进行了综述，其中包括群体遗传学、分子遗传学及其他相关研究资料。     

舍曲林治疗酒依赖的研究进展

本文综述了酒依赖的分型、性别、年龄、是否伴发精神症状等影响酒依赖者对药物治疗的反应,以及舍曲林在酒依赖治疗领域中的现状。     

酒依赖患者的基本健康教育

对34例住院酒依赖患者的临床特点进行分析,总结出一些提高患者自我保健意识,防止复饮的措施。总结了对酒依赖患者基本健康教育的内容、方法、对象和目标,认为基本健康教育对于防止复饮具有重要意义。     

白族乡饮酒行为及酒依赖调查

为了解少数民族饮酒行为,对此进行调查,报告如下。1对象和方法于大理洱源县右所镇团结乡(白族乡)、昆明市沙朗团结白族乡,随机抽取各100户的户主为调查对象。共200名白族,其中男166人,女34人;文盲17人,小学111人,初中66人,高中4人,大专2人。昆明沙郎乡100人,男81人,女19人;大理团结乡100人,男85人,女15人。酒依赖40人中文盲8人,小学19人,初中11人,高中2人;年龄均>15岁。用PEMS软件随机抽取并进行入户调查。采用自制饮酒情况调查问卷,了解户主的一般情况及饮酒情况。再由精神科医生采用密西根酒精依赖调查问卷(MAST)进行酒依赖筛查[1],并…     

Effects of short-term prenatal alcohol exposure on neuronal membrane order in rats

Long-Evans rat dams were treated with ethanol (4 g/kg, twice daily) by gavage on gestational days 10-14. This dosage schedule has been shown to produce significant behavioral and ponderal teratogenicity. Pair-fed dams were gavaged with isocaloric amounts of sucrose. All offspring were reared by untreated, surrogate dams. Pups were sacrificed on days 3 and 28, and whole brain neuronal plasma membranes were prepared for analysis by a fluorescence polarization technique using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as the membrane probe. On day 3, steady-state anisotropy was significantly decreased in the ethanol-treated pups. Arrhenius plots revealed that this difference was associated with a change on both membrane entropy and enthalpy. By day 28, the differences between groups disappeared. These data would be consistent with the view that the brief gestational ethanol exposure delays neuronal maturation.     

Decreased alcohol consumption by verapamil in alcohol preferring rats

1. Calcium channel blockers have been proposed, in addition to inhibiting the influx of Ca++ into the cells, to possess a wide variety of pharmacological effects, including interference with certain neurotransmitters involved in mood, mental disorders and alcohol craving. Further, it has been documented that certain neurotransmitters are involved in alcohol craving both in animals and humans. 2. To investigate the effects of Ca(++)-channel antagonist on alcohol preference, verapamil in three doses (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) was injected (S.C.) twice daily over a period of one day in alcohol-preferring (P) and alcohol non-preferring (NP) rats at 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. 3. Water, alcohol and food intake were monitored. 4. Our results show that verapamil in doses of 10 and 15 mg/kg significantly (p less than 0.02 and 0.01, respectively) reduced the intake of ethanol and increased the intake of water by P rats. However, injection of an equal volume of saline did not change the pattern of alcohol intake. 5. These results suggest that a (++(+)-channel blocker such as verapamil, could, at least partially, attenuate alcohol preference in alcohol preferring rats. It is possible that verapamil exerts an inhibitory effect on alcohol preference by interfering with Ca++ channels, blocking serotonin uptake or through another mechanism(s).     

大鼠前额叶皮质miR-182与酒精依赖的关系

目的探讨大鼠前额叶皮质 miR-182表达与酒精依赖的关系,以及可能的作用机制。方法将 60只大鼠随机分为持续饮酒组、戒断组和对照组,每组各 20只。用灌胃法制备酒精依赖模型,用实时荧光定量 PCR检测酒精依赖大鼠前额叶皮质 miR-182与 BDNF mRNA的表达,并对两者的表达量进行 Pearson相关分析。结果三组间miR-182表达水平的差异有统计学意义（F=44.79,P＜ 0.01）,两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）。持续饮酒组与对照组比较, BDNF的 mRNA表达下调,差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）。miR-182与BDNF mRNA表达量之间无相关性（P＞ 0.05）。结论酒精依赖大鼠前额叶皮质miR-182表达水平下调,miR-182可能参与酒精依赖的发病过程。     

Genetics of alcohol dependence

Twin, family, and adoption studies have consistently shown that genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of alcohol dependence. Numerous studies have aimed to identify genes that contribute to susceptibility to alcohol dependence. Whole-genome linkage studies have identified several chromosomal regions that are linked with alcohol dependence. Association studies have also identified genes associated with alcohol dependence. Alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, such as alcohol dehydrogenase-1B and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2, are the most well-established genes that have polymorphisms associated with the risk for alcohol dependence. Polymorphisms in gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor genes are also reported to be associated with alcohol dependence. The polymorphism of opioid receptor mu 1 gene is of interest because it alters the treatment effects of naltrexone. Several genes related to neural transmission have been reported to be associated with alcohol dependence, but results are inconsistent among studies. One reason for these inconsistent results is the great heterogeneity of alcohol dependence. Classifying alcohol dependence into homogeneous phenotypes is a good strategy to solve this problem. Recently, several genome-wide association studies have been reported. Genome-wide association studies enable hypothesis-free genome mapping of vulnerability-contributing genes and are expected to add data to identify genes associated with the susceptibility to alcohol dependence. Knowledge of the genetic basis of alcohol dependence is growing and leads to a better understanding of the biological mechanisms of addiction, which can help with strategies to prevent and treat this disease.     

Family history and diagnosis of alcohol dependence in cocaine dependence

Genetic research in alcoholism has made major advances in recent decades. Twin, adoption, high-risk, and familial studies have demonstrated an inheritance factor in alcoholism. No studies have demonstrated a genetic or familial disposition to cocaine and marijuana dependence. Two hundred sixty-three inpatients were given a structured psychiatric interview retrospectively (150) and prospectively (113) to obtain a DSM-III-R diagnosis of substance dependence disorders in the probands and of alcohol dependence in family members. Our study reveals a large number of probands with cocaine dependence with a positive family history for alcohol dependence. Approximately 50% of probands with cocaine dependence had at least a first or second degree relative with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence when studied by the family history and study methods. As many as 89% of probands who met DSM-III-R criteria for cocaine dependence qualified for other substance dependence diagnoses. Our study finds a high prevalence of alcohol (68% and 89%) and cannabis dependence (53% and 46%) in patients with cocaine dependence. Furthermore, the age of onset of alcohol and other drug dependence is early for those with cocaine dependence and precedes the onset of cocaine dependence. The diagnoses of other alcohol and drug dependence in cocaine dependence and in family members of probands with cocaine dependence have important implications for etiology, prognosis, and treatment.     

Treatment of late-life depression complicated by alcohol dependence.

OBJECTIVES: Among elderly patients, mental and physical illness are often present along with alcohol dependence. The interaction between alcohol use and concurrent physical or mental disabilities is complex and complicates treatment planning. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of naltrexone combined with sertraline for the treatment of older adults with major depression and alcohol dependence. METHODS: The sample was 74 subjects, age 55 and older, who met criteria for a depressive disorder along with alcohol dependence. All subjects were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of naltrexone 50 mg/day or placebo. Also, all subjects received sertraline 100 mg/day and individual weekly psychosocial support. Treatment response for alcohol consumption and depression was measured during the 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: At baseline, the average age of subjects was 63.4, and subjects were drinking an average of 10.7 drinks per drinking day. The overall results are encouraging; 42% of the subjects had a remission of their depression and had no drinking relapses during the trial. There was no evidence for an added benefit of naltrexone in combination with sertraline, but there was significant correlation between any alcohol relapse during the trial and poor response to depression treatment. CONCLUSION: Patients with concurrent mental disorders, such as major depression and alcohol dependence, are increasingly prevalent in clinical practice and have been demonstrated to show poorer treatment response and higher treatment costs. The results of this trial underscore the importance of addressing alcohol use in the context of treating late-life depression.