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1.
Daniel R. Edgcumbe Volker Thoma Davide Rivolta Michael A. Nitsche Cynthia H.Y. Fu 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):652-658
Background
Accounts of cognitive processes in judgment and decision-making are frequently based on a dual-process framework, which reflects two qualitatively different types of processing: intuitive (Type 1) and analytical (Type 2) processes.Objective
The present study investigated the effects of bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on judgment and decision-making performance.Methods
Participants received anodal tDCS stimulation to the right DLPFC, left DLPFC or sham. There were 3 tasks: vignettes measuring heuristic thinking, belief bias syllogisms, and the cognitive reflection test (CRT), a measure of the ability to inhibit automatic responses to reach a correct solution. Fifty-four participants (mean age?=?24.63?±?4.46 years; 29 females) were recruited.Results
Results showed that anodal tDCS to the right DLPFC was associated with an increase in cognitive reflection performance (Type 2 processing) as compared to left DLPFC and to sham. Logic thinking was reduced following anodal tDCS to the left DLPFC.Conclusion
These findings are broadly consistent with a dual process framework, and cannot be explained by differences in cognitive ability and thinking style. The results demonstrate the involvement of the right DLPFC in cognitive reflection, and suggest the possibility of improving cognitive performance through tDCS. 相似文献2.
Arnaud Leroy Martin Beigné Grégory Petyt Philippe Derambure Guillaume Vaiva Ali Amad 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):794-796
Introduction
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are paroxysms of either altered subjective or objective manifestations that may mimic epileptic seizures (ES), without abnormal neuronal epileptiform activity. In this report, we present the case of a 39-year-old woman with PNES and functional movement disorders, who was successfully treated with neuro-guided transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).Methods
We used a PET-guided tDCS approach, as a hypometabolism of the frontal region was revealed by FDG TEP scan. TDCs was performed 5 days/week, 2 times/day, during 3 weeks. All clinical manifestations were reported in a seizure diary. We also assessed dissociation, depression, alexithymia, psychotraumatic scales, and involuntary movements.Results
The treatment was followed by a decrease of both psychogenic involuntary movements and PNES at 5 weeks. At the same time, PTSD symptoms, dissociative symptoms, depression and alexithymia improved.Conclusion
PET-scan and tDCS seems to be promising tools for the evaluation and treatment of PNES in clinical practice, and may have a specific role on dissociative symptoms. 相似文献3.
Chenxi Dai Gang Chen Bihua Chen Juan Wang Changlin Yin Jianjie Wang Yushun Gong Liang Wei Yuanyuan Huang Yongqin Li 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):659-667
Background
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates neuronal activity and is a potential therapeutic tool for many neurological diseases. However, its beneficial effects on post cardiac arrest syndrome remains uncertain.Objective/hypothesis
We investigated the effects of repetitive anodal tDCS on neurological outcome and survival in a ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest rat model.Methods
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated after 6?min of VF in 36 Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were randomized into three groups immediately after resuscitation (n?=?12 each): no-treatment control (NTC) group, targeted temperature management (TTM) group, and tDCS group. For tDCS, 1?mA anodal tDCS was applied on the dorsal scalp for 0.5?h. The stimulation was repeated for four sessions with 1-h resting interval under normothermia. Post-resuscitation hemodynamic, cerebral, and myocardial injuries, 96-h neurological outcome, and survival were evaluated.Results
Compared with the NTC group, post-resuscitation serum astroglial protein S100 beta and cardiac troponin T levels and 96-h neuronal and myocardial damage scores were markedly reduced in the tDCS and TTM groups. Myocardial ejection fraction, neurological deficit score, and 96-h survival rate were also significantly better for the tDCS and TTM groups. The period of post-resuscitation arrhythmia with hemodynamic instability was considerably shorter in the tDCS group, but no differences were observed in neurological outcome and survival between the tDCS and TTM groups.Conclusions
In this cardiac arrest rat model, repeated anodal tDCS commenced after resuscitation improves 96-h neurological outcome and survival to an extent comparable to TTM by attenuating post-resuscitation cerebral and cardiac injuries. 相似文献4.
Feng Zhang Rujia Zhong Song Li Zhenfa Fu Renfei Wang Tianxiao Wang Zhili Huang Weidong Le 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2019,15(4):590-597
Objective
The present work aims to evaluate the significance of sleep disturbance and electroencephalogram (EEG) alteration in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Background and Rationale
Sleep disturbance is common in patients with AD. It is not known if it can occur at the early stage of AD and if EEG recording may help identify the early sign of the disease.Historical Evolution
Sleep disturbance in AD has generally been considered as late consequence of the neurodegenerative process. A growing body of evidence has suggested that the sleep disturbance may occur at the early stage of AD.Updated Hypothesis
Based on the previous epidemiologic studies and our recent findings, we propose that sleep disturbance may play an important role in the development of AD. Sleep EEG changes may serve as a valuable early sign for AD in the prepathological stage.Early Experimental Data
Our data suggested that AβPPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic AD mice at preplaque stage (3 and 4 months of age) exhibited different profile of sleep architecture and sleep EEG, which preceded the cognitive deficit and AD neuropathology.Future Experiments and Validation Studies
Future experiments should focus on sleep EEG changes in patients with mild cognitive impairment and early stage of AD. Follow-up studies in high-risk population of the elderly are equally important. In addition, the exact molecular mechanism underlying the sleep disturbance should be thoroughly investigated.Major Challenges for the Hypothesis
Studies on human participants with early stage of AD, especially the follow-up studies on the presymptomatic elderly in a large population, are difficult and time-consuming.Linkage to Other Major Theories
Our hypothesis may link previous theories to establish a bidirectional relationship between sleep disorders and AD, which may finally form a new schematic mechanism to understand the disease pathogenesis and disease progression. 相似文献5.
Daniel G. da S. Machado Gozde Unal Suellen M. Andrade Alexandre Moreira Leandro R. Altimari André R. Brunoni Stéphane Perrey Alexis R. Mauger Marom Bikson Alexandre H. Okano 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):593-605
Background
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used to improve exercise performance, though the protocols used, and results found are mixed.Objective
We aimed to analyze the effect of tDCS on improving exercise performance.Methods
A systematic search was performed on the following databases, until December 2017: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and SportDiscus. Full-text articles that used tDCS for exercise performance improvement in adults were included. We compared the effect of anodal (anode near nominal target) and cathodal (cathode near nominal target) tDCS to a sham/control condition on the outcome measure (performance in isometric, isokinetic or dynamic strength exercise and whole-body exercise).Results
22 studies (393 participants) were included in the qualitative synthesis and 11 studies (236 participants) in the meta-analysis. The primary motor cortex (M1) was the main nominal tDCS target (n?=?16; 72.5%). A significant effect favoring anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) applied before exercise over M1 was found on cycling time to exhaustion (mean difference?=?93.41?s; 95%CI?=?27.39?s–159.43?s) but this result was strongly influenced by one study (weight?=?84%), no effect was found for cathodal tDCS (c-tDCS). No significant effect was found for a-tDCS applied on M1 before or during exercise on isometric muscle strength of the upper or lower limbs. Studies regarding a-tDCS over M1 on isokinetic muscle strength presented mixed results. Individual results of studies using a-tDCS applied over the prefrontal and motor cortices either before or during dynamic muscle strength testing showed positive results, but performing meta-analysis was not possible.Conclusion
For the protocols tested, a-tDCS but not c-tDCS vs. sham over M1 improved exercise performance in cycling only. However, this result was driven by a single study, which when removed was no longer significant. Further well-controlled studies with larger sample sizes and broader exploration of the tDCS montages and doses are warranted. 相似文献6.
Ali Izadi Aleksandr Pevzner Darrin J. Lee Arne D. Ekstrom Kiarash Shahlaie Gene G. Gurkoff 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):735-742
Background
Temporal lobe epilepsy is most prevalent among focal epilepsies, and nearly one-third of patients are refractory to pharmacological intervention. Persistent cognitive and neurobehavioral comorbidities also occur due to the recurrent nature of seizures and medication-related side effects.Hypothesis
Electrical neuromodulation is an effective strategy to reduce seizures both in animal models and clinically, but its efficacy to modulate cognition remains unclear. We hypothesized that theta frequency stimulation of the medial septum would increase septohippocampal oscillations, increase seizure threshold, and improve spatial learning in a rat model of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy.Methods
Sham and pilocarpine rats were implanted with electrodes in the medial septum, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. EEG was assessed days prior to and following stimulation. Sham and pilocarpine-treated rats received either no stimulation, continuous (throughout each behavior), or pre-task (one minute prior to each behavior) 7.7?Hz septal stimulation during the Barnes maze spatial navigation test and also during assessment of flurothyl-induced seizures.Results
Both continuous and pre-task stimulation prevented epilepsy-associated reductions in theta oscillations over time. Additionally, both stimulation paradigms significantly improved spatial navigation in the Barnes maze, reducing latency and improving search strategy. Moreover, stimulation led to significant increases in seizure threshold in pilocarpine-treated rats. There was no evidence of cognitive enhancement or increased seizure threshold in stimulated sham rats.Conclusion
These findings have profound implications as theta stimulation of the septum represents a single frequency and target that has the potential to both improve cognition and reduce seizures for patients with refractory epilepsy. 相似文献7.
Sensen Song Anna Zilverstand Wenjun Gui Hui-jie Li Xiaolin Zhou 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):606-618
Background
Brain stimulation interventions are increasingly used to reduce craving and consumption in individuals with drug addiction or excessive eating behavior. However, the efficacy of these novel treatments and whether effect sizes are affected by the length of the intervention has not been comprehensively evaluated.Objective
A meta-analytical approach was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of non-invasive excitatory brain stimulation [transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and high-frequency repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)] targeted at dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) for reducing craving and consumption levels in drug and eating addiction, including both single- and multi-session protocols.Methods
After a comprehensive literature search, 48 peer-reviewed studies (1095 participants in total) were included in the current meta-analysis. We computed Hedge's g as a conservative measure for evaluating effect sizes.Results
Random effects analyses revealed a small effect of neuromodulation interventions on craving and a medium effect on consumption, favoring active over sham stimulation. These effects did not differ across the different populations investigated (alcohol, nicotine, illicit drugs, eating addictions) or by the used technique (rTMS/tDCS, left/right hemisphere). Multi-session protocols showed a larger effect size for reducing craving and consumption than single-session protocols, with a positive linear association between the number of sessions or administered pulses and craving reduction, indicating a dose-response effect.Conclusions
Our results provide compelling evidence that novel non-invasive brain stimulation targeted at dlPFC reduces craving and consumption levels (providing the first meta-analytical evidence for the latter effect in drug addiction), with larger effects in multi-session as compared to single-session interventions. 相似文献8.
Dalia Khammash Molly Simmonite Thad A. Polk Stephan F. Taylor Sean K. Meehan 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):702-704
Background
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method to stimulate localized brain regions. Despite widespread use in motor cortex, TMS is seldom performed in sensory areas due to variable, qualitative metrics.Objective
Assess the reliability and validity of tracing phosphenes, and to investigate the stimulation parameters necessary to elicit decreased visual cortex excitability with paired-pulse TMS at short inter-stimulus intervals.Methods
Across two sessions, single and paired-pulse recruitment curves were derived by having participants outline elicited phosphenes and calculating resulting average phosphene sizes.Results
Phosphene size scaled with stimulus intensity, similar to motor cortex. Paired-pulse recruitment curves demonstrated inhibition at lower conditioning stimulus intensities than observed in motor cortex. Reliability was high across sessions.Conclusions
TMS-induced phosphenes are a valid and reliable tool for measuring cortical excitability and inhibition in early visual areas. Our results also provide appropriate stimulation parameters for measuring short-latency intracortical inhibition in visual cortex. 相似文献9.
10.
Juan A. Barcia Josué M. Avecillas-Chasín Cristina Nombela Rocío Arza Julia García-Albea José A. Pineda-Pardo Blanca Reneses Bryan A. Strange 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):724-734
Background
Psychiatric conditions currently treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS), such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), are heterogeneous diseases with different symptomatic dimensions, indicating that fixed neuroanatomical DBS targets for all OCD cases may not be efficacious.Objective/hypothesis
We tested whether the optimal DBS target for OCD is fixed for all patients or whether it is individualized and related to each patient's symptomatic content. Further, we explored if the optimal target can be predicted by combining functional neuroimaging and structural connectivity.Methods
In a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study in 7 OCD patients, symptomatic content was characterized pre-operatively by clinical interview and OCD symptom-provocation during functional MRI. DBS electrode implantation followed a trajectory placing 4 contacts along a striatal axis (nucleus accumbens to caudate). Patients underwent three-month stimulation periods for each contact (and sham), followed by clinical evaluation. Probabilistic tractography, applied to diffusion-weighted images acquired pre-operatively, was used to study the overlap between projections from the prefrontal areas activated during symptom provocation and the volume of activated tissue of each electrode contact.Results
Six patients were classified responders, with median symptomatic reduction of 50% achieved from each patient's best contact. This was located at the caudate in 4 cases and at the accumbens in 2. Critically, the anatomical locus of the best contact (accumbens or caudate) was related to an index derived by combining functional MRI responses to prevailing symptom provocation and prefronto-cortico-striatal projections defined by probabilistic tractography.Conclusion
Our results therefore represent a step towards personalized, content-specific DBS targets for OCD. 相似文献11.
Matteo Franza Giuliana Sorrentino Matteo Vissani Andrea Serino Olaf Blanke Michela Bassolino 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):693-701
Background
When single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) with sufficient intensity, it evokes muscular contractions (motor-evoked potentials, MEPs) and muscle twitches (TMS-evoked movements). Participants may also report various hand sensations related to TMS, but the perception elicited by TMS and its relationship to MEPs and evoked movements has not been systematically studied.Objective
The main aim of this work is to evaluate participants' kinesthetic and somatosensory hand perceptions elicited by single-pulse TMS over M1-hand area at different intensities of stimulation and their relation with MEPs and TMS-evoked movements.Methods
We compared the number of MEPs (measured by electromyography), TMS-evoked movements (measured by an accelerometer) and participants' hand perception (measured by verbal report) elicited by TMS at different intensity of stimulation. This way, we estimated the amplitude of MEPs and the acceleration of TMS-evoked movements sufficient to trigger TMS evoked hand perceptions.Results
We found that TMS-evoked hand perceptions are induced at 105% of the individual resting motor threshold, a value significantly different from the threshold inducing MEPs (about 100%) and TMS-evoked movements (about 110%). Our data indicate that only MEPs with an amplitude higher than 0.62 mV and TMS-evoked movements with acceleration higher than 0.42 m/s2 were associated with hand perceptions at threshold.Conclusions
Our data reveal the main features of TMS-evoked hand perception and show that in addition to MEPs and TMS-evoked movements, this is a separate discernible response associated to single-pulse TMS over M1. 相似文献12.
Background
Recent studies have shown that neurophysiological outcomes of transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) are influenced by current flow in brain regions between the electrodes, and in particular the orientation of current flow relative to the cortical surface.Objective
We asked whether the directional effects of TDCS on physiological measures in the motor system would also be observed on motor behaviours.Methods
We applied TDCS during the practice of a ballistic movement task to test whether it affected learning or the retention of learning 48?h later. TDCS electrodes were oriented perpendicular to the central sulcus and two current orientations were used (posterior-anterior, TDCSPA; and anterior-posterior, TDCSAP). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to assess whether changes in corticospinal excitability reflected any behavioural changes.Results
Directional TDCSAP impaired the retention of learning on the ballistic movement task compared to TDCSPA and a sham condition. Although TDCSPA had no effect on learning or retention, it blocked the typical increase in corticospinal excitability after a period of motor practice.Conclusions
Our results extend on previous reports of TDCS producing directionally specific changes in neurophysiological outcomes by showing that current direction through a cortical target also impacts upon behavioural outcomes. In addition, changes in corticospinal excitability after a period of motor practice are not causally linked to behavioural learning. 相似文献13.
Federico Ranieri Gianluca Coppola Gabriella Musumeci Fioravante Capone Giovanni Di Pino Vincenzo Parisi Vincenzo Di Lazzaro 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):705-713
Background
Repetitive convergent inputs to a single post-synaptic neuron can induce long-term potentiation (LTP) or depression (LTD) of synaptic activity in a spike timing-dependent manner.Objective
Here we set a protocol of visual paired associative stimulation (vPAS) of the primary visual cortex (V1) in humans to induce persistent changes in the excitatory properties of V1 with a spike timing rule.Methods
We provided convergent inputs to V1 by coupling transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulses of the occipital cortex with peripheral visual inputs, at four interstimulus intervals of ?50/-25/+25/+50 ms relative to the visual evoked potential (VEP) P1 latency. We analysed VEP amplitude and delayed habituation before and up to 10 min after each vPAS protocol.Results
VEP amplitude was reduced after vPAS+25. Delayed VEP habituation was increased after vPAS-25 while it was reduced after vPAS+25.Conclusions
We provide evidence that associative bidirectional synaptic plasticity is a feature not only of the sensorimotor but also of the human visual system. 相似文献14.
Lars I. Eriksson Cecilia Lundholm Kaavya Narasimhalu Rolf Sandin Ya-Ping Jin Margaret Gatz Nancy L. Pedersen 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2019,15(4):534-542
Introduction
We evaluated whether hospitalization with or without surgery increases risk for dementia or Alzheimer's disease.Methods
A clinical sample (843 clinically diagnosed dementia cases; 1686 matched nondemented individuals) was identified from Swedish Twin Registry studies. A register-based sample (4293 cases; 21,465 matched controls) was identified by linkage of Swedish Twin Registry to Swedish Patient Registry records. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) status and within-pair comparisons of dementia discordant twins indicated genetic susceptibility.Results
Nonsurgical hospitalization is associated with greater dementia risk than hospitalization with surgical intervention. In the register sample, thoracic, abdominal, and major orthopedic procedures entailed dementia risk; in the clinical sample, orthopedic alone. Within-pair analyses indicate that associations in part reflect genetic susceptibility in common to hospitalization and dementia. Potential gene-environment interactions were indicated by greater risk due to hospitalization among APOE ε4 noncarriers.Discussion
We confirm hospitalization as a risk factor for dementia, with repeated hospitalizations a more important risk factor than surgery. 相似文献15.
C.M. Warren K.D. Tona L. Ouwerkerk J. van Paridon F. Poletiek Henk van Steenbergen J.A. Bosch S. Nieuwenhuis 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):635-642
Background
Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is a new, non-invasive technique being investigated as an intervention for a variety of clinical disorders, including epilepsy and depression. It is thought to exert its therapeutic effect by increasing central norepinephrine (NE) activity, but the evidence supporting this notion is limited.Objective
In order to test for an impact of tVNS on psychophysiological and hormonal indices of noradrenergic function, we applied tVNS in concert with assessment of salivary alpha amylase (SAA) and cortisol, pupil size, and electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings.Methods
Across three experiments, we applied real and sham tVNS to 61 healthy participants while they performed a set of simple stimulus-discrimination tasks. Before and after the task, as well as during one break, participants provided saliva samples and had their pupil size recorded. EEG was recorded throughout the task. The target for tVNS was the cymba conchae, which is heavily innervated by the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Sham stimulation was applied to the ear lobe.Results
P3 amplitude was not affected by tVNS (Experiment 1A: N?=?24; Experiment 1B: N?=?20; Bayes factor supporting null model?=?4.53), nor was pupil size (Experiment 2: N?=?16; interaction of treatment and time: p?=?.79). However, tVNS increased SAA (Experiments 1A and 2: N?=?25) and attenuated the decline of salivary cortisol compared to sham (Experiment 2: N?=?17), as indicated by significant interactions involving treatment and time (p?=?.023 and p?=?.040, respectively).Conclusion
These findings suggest that tVNS modulates hormonal indices but not psychophysiological indices of noradrenergic function. 相似文献16.
Shafqat R. Chaudhry Ilana S. Lendvai Sajjad Muhammad Philipp Westhofen Johannes Kruppenbacher Lukas Scheef Henning Boecker Dirk Scheele Rene Hurlemann Thomas M. Kinfe 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):643-651
Objective
To assay peripheral inter-ictal cytokine serum levels and possible relations with non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) responsiveness in migraineurs.Methods
This double-blinded, sham-controlled study enrolled 48 subjects and measured headache severity, frequency [headache days/month, number of total and mild/moderate/severe classified attacks/month], functional state [sleep, mood, body weight, migraine-associated disability] and serum levels of inflammatory markers [inter-ictal] using enzyme-linked immunoassays at baseline and after 2 months of adjunctive nVNS compared to sham stimulation and suitably matched controls.Results
No significant differences were observed at baseline and after 2 months for headache severity, total attacks/month, headache days/month and functional outcome [sleep, mood, disability] between verum and sham nVNS. However, the number of severe attacks/month significantly decreased in the verum nVNS group and circulating pro-inflammatory IL-1β was elevated significantly in the sham group compared to nVNS. Levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 were significantly higher at baseline in both groups compared to healthy controls, but not at 2 months follow-up [p?<?0.05]. Concentrations of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), IL-6, tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin remained unchanged [p?>?0.05]. No severe device-/stimulation-related adverse events occurred.Conclusion
2 months of adjunctive cervical nVNS significantly declined the number of severe attacks/month. Pro-inflammatory IL-1β plasma levels [inter-ictal] were higher in sham-treated migraine patients compared to verum nVNS. However, pro- [IL-6, HMGB-1, TNF-α, leptin] and anti-inflammatory [IL-10, adiponectin, ghrelin] mediators did not differ statistically. Profiling of neuroinflammatory circuits in migraine to predict nVNS responsiveness remains an experimental approach, which may be biased by pre-analytic variables warranting large-scale biobank-based systematic investigations [omics]. 相似文献17.
Himanshu Tyagi Annemieke M. Apergis-Schoute Harith Akram Tom Foltynie Patricia Limousin Lynne M. Drummond Naomi A. Fineberg Keith Matthews Marjan Jahanshahi Trevor W. Robbins Barbara J. Sahakian Ludvic Zrinzo Marwan Hariz Eileen M. Joyce 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2019,85(9):726-734
Background
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an emerging treatment for severe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We compared the efficacy of ventral capsule/ventral striatal (VC/VS) and anteromedial subthalamic nucleus (amSTN) DBS in the same patients and tested for mechanistic differences on mood and cognitive flexibility and associated neural circuitry. The possible synergistic benefit of DBS at both sites and cognitive behavioral therapy was explored.Methods
Six patients with treatment-refractory OCD (5 men; Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale score >32) entered double-blind counterbalanced phases of 12-week amSTN or VC/VS DBS, followed by 12-week open phases when amSTN and VC/VS were stimulated together, in which optimal stimulation parameters were achieved and adjunctive inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy was delivered. OCD and mood were assessed with standardized scales and cognitive flexibility with the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Intra-Extra Dimensional Set-Shift task. Diffusion-weighted and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed for tractography from optimally activated electrode contacts.Results
DBS at each site significantly and equivalently reduced OCD symptoms with little additional gain following combined stimulation. amSTN but not VC/VS DBS significantly improved cognitive flexibility, whereas VC/VS DBS had a greater effect on mood. The VC/VS effective site was within the VC. VC DBS connected primarily to the medial orbitofrontal cortex, and amSTN DBS to the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. No further improvement followed cognitive behavioral therapy, reflecting a floor effect of DBS on OCD.Conclusions
Both the VC/VS and amSTN are effective targets for severe treatment-refractory OCD. Differential improvements in mood and cognitive flexibility and their associated connectivity suggest that DBS at these sites modulates distinct brain networks. 相似文献18.
Suwarna Chakraborty Sunil Jamuna Tripathi B.N. Srikumar T.R. Raju B.S. Shankaranarayana Rao 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):752-766
Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifactorial disease which often coexists with cognitive deficits. Depression-induced cognitive deficits are known to be associated with aberrant reward processing, neurochemical and structural alterations. Recent studies have shown that chronic electrical stimulation of brain reward areas induces a robust antidepressant effect. However, the effects of repeated electrical self-stimulation of lateral hypothalamus - medial forebrain bundle (LH-MFB) on depression-induced cognitive deficits and associated neurochemical and structural alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are unknown.Objectives
We investigated the effect of chronic rewarding self-stimulation of LH-MFB in neonatal clomipramine (CLI) model of depression. During adulthood, neonatal CLI and saline administered rats were implanted with bilateral electrodes stereotaxically in the LH-MFB and trained to receive intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) for 14 days. The rats were tested for depressive-like behaviors, learning and memory followed by estimation of PFC volumes, levels of monoamines and its metabolites in the PFC.Results
We found that chronic ICSS of LH-MFB reverses CLI-induced behavioral despair and anhedonia. Interestingly, self-stimulation normalizes the impaired novel object and location recognition memory in CLI rats. The amelioration of learning impairments in CLI rats was associated with the reversal of volume loss and restoration of monoamine metabolism in the PFC.Conclusion
We demonstrated that repeated intracranial self-stimulation of LH-MFB ameliorates CLI-induced learning deficits, reverses altered monoamine metabolism and the atrophy of PFC. Our results support the hypothesis that chronic brain stimulation rewarding experience might be evolved as a potential treatment strategy for reversal of learning deficits in depression and associated disorders. 相似文献19.
Guoqiao Wang Dean Coble Eric M. McDade Jason Hassenstab Anne M. Fagan Tammie L.S. Benzinger Randall J. Bateman John C. Morris Chengjie Xiong 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2019,15(4):506-514
Introduction
Staging preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD) by the expected years to symptom onset (EYO) in autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) through biomarker correlations is important.Methods
We estimated the correlation matrix between EYO/cognition and imaging/CSF biomarkers, and searched for the EYO cutoff where a change in the correlations occurred before and after the cutoff among the asymptomatic mutation carriers of ADAD. We then estimated the longitudinal rate of change for biomarkers/cognition within each preclinical stage defined by the EYO.Results
Based on the change in the correlations, the preclinical ADAD was divided by EYOs ?7 and ?13 years. Mutation carriers demonstrated a temporal ordering of biomarker/cognition changes across the three preclinical stages.Discussion
Duration of each preclinical stage can be estimated in ADAD, facilitating better planning of prevention trials with the EYO cutoffs under the recently released FDA guidance. The generalization of these results to sporadic AD warrants further investigation. 相似文献20.
Diane E. Hosking Ranmalee Eramudugolla Nicolas Cherbuin Kaarin J. Anstey 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2019,15(4):581-589