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1.
目的:确定癫痫病因和定位癫痫病灶对制定手术方案及判断预后至关重要。近年来研究证实70%-90%的慢性癫痫的病人都存在一定程度的结构异常。高清晰度MRI的出现对顽固性癫痫诊断具有划时代的意义。本研究就MRI在评估颞叶癫痫海马硬化中的作用作初步探讨。方法:对顽固性颞叶癫痫26例应用MRI对病人进行海马特殊扫描。结果:在26例顽固性颞叶癫痫病人行海马特殊MRI扫描中,海马和杏仁核区低恶度脑胶质瘤2例,脑囊肿1例,小AVM1例,脑脓肿1例。海马硬化19例(10右侧,7例左侧,2例双侧)。2例未见异常,MRI所示结构异常率为92%(24/26),海马硬化率为73%。前颞叶萎缩18例,侧脑室颞角的不对称性22例,T2加全像高信号表现11例。颞叶癫痫海马硬化MRI主要表现为:1、前颞叶萎缩;2、侧脑室颞角的海马硬化MRI主酹现为:1、前颞叶萎缩;2、侧脑室颞角的不对称性;3、海马萎缩;4、T2加全像高信号表现;5、海马内结构的丢失。结论:应用MRI海马特殊扫描技术诊断颞叶癫痫海马病变其准确率为92%,其对诊断颞叶癫痫海马病变具有较高的实用价值。  相似文献   

2.
目的 在标准立体定向空间应用《中国数字化可视化人体图谱》男性尸脑切片构建豆状核亚结构—苍白球内侧部(Gpi)数字化图谱. 方法 对数字化可视化人体图谱尸脑切片解剖学图像进行Gpi及前连合、后连合的识别与分割等处理,并应用软件对处理后的Gpi进行三维重建,并建立立体定向坐标系. 结果 三维重建的Gpi为近似蚕豆状的灰质团块,同时构建了壳核及苍白球外侧部(Gpe),图谱能够清晰的显示三者在立体定向空间的位置关系.三维可视化的效果为豆状核可以在立体定向空间任意角度的旋转、缩放. 结论 利用超薄尸脑解剖图像可以在标准立体定向空间成功对颅内神经结构亚核团进行三维重建.  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨3.0T MRI多动态增强扫描在垂体微腺瘤检出中的应用价值。方法使用3.0T MRI对50例垂体微腺瘤患者进行平扫、多动态增强扫描及延迟扫描。结果垂体微腺瘤平扫多只能看到垂体形态的轻微改变,T2WI有时可见到稍长T2信号,多数病灶信号改变不明显。多动态增强扫描增强早期,肿瘤强化程度明显低于正常垂体实质,肿瘤呈稍低信号,境界清楚;中晚期及延时期,肿瘤信号逐渐缓慢增高,部分病灶延时信号高于正常垂体。结论 3.0T MRI多动态增强扫描垂体微腺瘤检出信号具有特征性,可作为临床垂体微腺瘤排查首选。  相似文献   

4.
目的 运用基于海马表面的形态分析技术,探讨遗忘型轻度认知损害(aMCI)患者的海马三维MRI特点.方法 对15例aMCI患者和16名年龄及教育程度相匹配的对照,行头颅三维MRI扫描,数据采集后采用InsightSNAP 1.4.1软件在可视三维窗口下选取冠状位逐层勾勒海马轮廓,计算机自动计算海马体积后,进行两组间海马体积的统计学分析;将海马磁共振影像经过三维网格重建,其曲面网格参数化为400×200的点,将各点到中轴线的径向距离进行两组间比较,获得左右海马径向距离t值图;再经多重比较校正后,获得aMCI组与健康对照组问的三维海马形态差异图.结果 左侧海马标化平均体积aMCI组(3247.5±600.2)mm3、健康对照组(3467.9±451.3)mm3,两者差异无统计学意义(t=1.161,P=0.255).右侧海马标化平均体积aMCI组(3416.8±699.1)mm3、健康对照组(3469.1±358.9)mm3,两者差异亦无统计学意义(U=0.178,P=0.859).运用基于海马表面的形态分析技术得到两组间三维海马形态差异图,结果显示aMCI组与健康对照组相比双侧海马的外侧及下表面(组织学上的CA1区和下托)明显萎缩.结论 aMCI患者海马体积未见显著性减小,但通过基于海马表面的形态分析,发现aMCI患者的海马部分区域形态有一定程度的萎缩,以双侧海马外侧及下表面的区域性萎缩为主.这一结果可能反映了aMCI的早期影像学标志.  相似文献   

5.
目的探讨3.0T MRI在伽玛刀中的应用。方法 50例病人安装配有绝缘立柱的头架后,使用4通道头线圈行MRI常规序列扫描。先调节适配器位置及调整框架的水平,再根据颅内不同类型的病变及临床要求进行不同的序列扫描,最后行MRI定位图像验证、图像变形验证及剂量计划设计时Z值验证。结果 50例均获得清晰的定位图像资料。定位图像验证测量的每边基准点间的距离相等;MRI图像变形验证测得距离与实际距离之比接近于1;伽玛刀计划系统定位坐标中的Z值大小与本组数值一致。结论 3.0T MRI成为伽玛刀治疗技术中一种极其重要的手段和质量保证。  相似文献   

6.
目的研究基于颅脑CT与MRI图像融合的3D打印技术,制作颅脑三维虚拟模型及实体模型,探讨其在临床工作中的意义。方法利用1例小脑幕脑膜瘤患者颅脑CTA、MRI扫描所得的DICOM数据,CT图像分割重建颅骨、血管、头皮模型,MRI图像分割重建脑组织、肿瘤、脑室系统、头皮模型,以头皮模型为基准进行配准融合,完成复合三维虚拟模型的构建,优化处理后经3D打印技术制作实体模型,并邀请15名神经外科医师对模型进行独立评分。结果制作出高逼真度等比例的颅脑实体模型,问卷调查所有问题的平均分均4分。结论利用颅脑CT与MRI图像融合及3D打印技术制作的三维虚拟模型及其实体模型,对神经外科医师的疾病认识与手术应用、医患沟通、临床培训等方面有重要意义。  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨神经纤维瘤病的CT和MRI影像表现,并就二者的优劣进行比较,以提高诊断准确性。方法收集14例经临床和手术证实的神经纤维瘤病患者的CT和MRI资料,分析其影像学特点。结果 NF-2型患者表现为双侧听神经瘤,伴或不伴胶质瘤、脑膜瘤及脊膜瘤。NF-1型患者表现为单发或多发胶质瘤。CT图像中,双侧听神经瘤表现为等低密度,增强扫描呈不均匀性强化。多发脑膜瘤表现为等或略高密度,增强扫描呈均匀性明显强化。胶质瘤表现为边界不清的低密度,增强扫描无强化或轻度不均匀性强化。MRI图像中,双侧听神经瘤,呈等长T1、等长T2信号,增强扫描呈不均匀明显强化。脑膜瘤呈略长T1、略长T2信号,增强扫描呈均匀性明显强化,胶质瘤呈略长T1、略长T2信号,不均匀强化。结论神经纤维瘤病患者的颅脑和脊柱有特征性的CT、MRI表现,其中MRI技术能够全面准确显示病灶的分布、大小、形态和信号特征以及其与相邻组织结构的关系。  相似文献   

8.
目的:利用磁共振3DT1WI成像研究遗忘型轻度认知障碍(aMCI)、轻度阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者相对于正常老年人灰质体积改变的特点。方法:采用3.0T磁共振,对33例aMCI患者(aMCI组)、32例轻度AD患者(轻度AD组)及31名正常老年人(对照组)进行3DT1WI扫描,利用基于SPM5的DARTEL工具箱对扫描获得的结构图像进行预处理,再对aMCI组、轻度AD组和对照组的全脑灰质体积进行基于体素的统计学比较。结果:与对照组比较,aMCI组左侧海马、海马旁回、舌回、颞上回,双侧岛叶和颞中回等结构的灰质体积萎缩,其差异有显著统计学意义(P〈0.01,FDR corrected,K〉50体素)。轻度AD组的双侧海马、海马旁回及杏仁核、双侧丘脑、双侧颞顶叶皮质等结构灰质体积萎缩,额叶和枕叶皮质也出现灰质萎缩,其差异也有统计学意义(P〈0.05,FDR corrected,K≥50体素)。结论:基于体素的MRI形态学测量能够客观揭示AD早期阶段的脑灰质萎缩改变,对左侧海马萎缩的识别有助于AD的早期诊断。  相似文献   

9.
目的:探索重症监护病房(ICU)患者配偶中患创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)者双侧海马体积变化。方法:采用3.0 T磁共振检查(MRI)对20例ICU患者之配偶中患有PTSD者(PTSD组)及20例未患有PTSD者(对照组)进行全脑3D T1扫描;使用FreeSurfer获取并分析双侧海马体积变化,同时分析PTSD组双侧海马体积与PTSD诊断量表(CAPS)得分的相关性。结果:与对照组比较,PTSD组的双侧海马体积均显著缩小,差异具有统计学意义(P均0.01),但左侧海马体积减小比例大于右侧(左侧15%,右侧11%)。同时PTSD组的左右侧海马均与CAPS得分呈负相关(P均0.05)。结论:ICU患者配偶中患有PTSD者其海马体积存在缩小并存在偏侧性,需要给予及时有效的关心和干预。  相似文献   

10.
选择1名正常青年男性,排除膝关节疾患,年龄28岁,体质量68 kg,身高175 cm,利用本院1.5T Twinspeed/Excite超导型磁共振扫描仪进行右膝关节连续失状位MRI扫描,扫描方式右膝关节自内向外不间断扫描。所得扫描图像经过Mimics10.0、Geomagic Studio 8.0分析软件处理后建立胫骨关节三维模型,并将Geomagic Studio 8.0软件处理生成的STL文件转化为有限元分析软件ANSYS 11.0可接受的IGS文件。以此方法完成了MRI图像下胫股关节高仿真模型的建立。利用MRI图片,经过Mimics10.0、Geomagic Studio 8.0软件处理建立了人体右膝胫股关节的三维计算机模型,为后期取股骨髁表面软骨修复指间关节损伤的有限元仿真分析提供了保证。结果提示,二维 MRI图片下所建立三维模型,解决了CT数据对软组织成像较差的不足,能够使模型更接近于真实解剖结构。  相似文献   

11.
数字化构建人脑豆状核及其亚结构图谱   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 应用<中国数字化可视人体图谱>男性尸脑切片构建豆状核及其亚结构的三维可视化图谱.方法 利用哈尔滨工业大学Bio-X中心开发的软件对尸脑切片豆状核及其亚结构进行识别、分割等图像转换与处理,并进行三维重建.结果 三维重建后的结果显示豆状核为一个前后径较长、上下径较高、左右径相对较窄,近似蚕豆形状的灰质团块.应用透明处理方法进行的三维重建清晰地显示了豆状核及其亚结构的空间位置关系.结论 利用超薄尸脑切片可以成功构建人脑核团的亚结构.
Abstract:
Objective To establish a 3D atlas of the lenticular nuclei and its subnucleus with the cryosection images of the male from "Atlas of Chinese Visible Human".Method The lenticular nuclei and its subnucleus were segmented from the cryosection images and reconstructed with the software developed by Harbin Institute of Technology.Results 3D model of the lenticular uuclei illustrated that it was fabaceous with its anteroposterior and superoinferior diameter longer,and the mediolateral diameter shorter.The spatial relationship between the lenticular nuclei and its subnucleus was clear with the surface of the lenticular nuclei semitransparent.Conclusions It is feasible to establish 3D model of the subnucleus in the human brain with the cryosection images.  相似文献   

12.
大鼠脑积水模型的建立   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的建立一种成年大鼠脑积水动物模型。方法雄性Wistar大鼠60只,随机分为实验组和对照组,其中实验组48只,再随机平均分为A、B、C.D四个亚组,应用显微外科技术向枕大池内注入25%白陶土混悬液0.1mL,分别在白陶土注射后第1、2、4、6周行MRI检测,鉴定脑积水是否形成,并测定第三脑室层面侧脑室大小。对照组12只用同样方法向枕大池内注人生理盐水0.1mL,2周后行MRI检测。并行病理切片检查。结果实验组有34只大鼠成功诱发脑积水,且脑室随着时间的延长而逐渐扩张。结论白陶土注射法可以制作确切的大鼠脑积水模型,特别适用于急慢性脑积水的研究。  相似文献   

13.
多序列MRI在超急性/急性期脑出血诊断中的应用价值   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
目的:研究超急性/急性期脑出血多序列MRI信号强度的动态表现。方法:采用立体定向自体血脑内注入法建立犬脑出血模型10只,分别于脑出血后0.5h、3h、6h、24h、72h进行多序列T1WI、T2WI、T2*WI和DWI的动态MRI扫瞄。结果:0.5~72h血肿区T2*WI、DWI和ADC图表现为血肿中心极低信号,3~48h血肿边缘T2WI出现特异性的低信号薄环。72h血肿区T1WI、T2WI均为高信号,是常规MRI诊断脑出血的典型表现。结论:多序列动态MRI扫描对诊断超急性/急性期脑出血具有重要的应用价值。  相似文献   

14.
大鼠C6脑胶质瘤模型的病理特征与MRI的观察   总被引:16,自引:3,他引:13  
目的建立SD大鼠C6胶质瘤模型并对其病理特征及MRI进行观察。方法50只SD大鼠随机分成5组,每组10只,c6胶质瘤细胞悬液立体定向接种于大鼠的右侧尾状核,接种后观察大鼠的生活状态、生存期;分别于接种后不同时段进行MRI观察肿瘤生长特性及肿瘤体积的测量;取不同时段组大鼠脑标本行脑组织HE染色、透射电镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)、脑组织含水量测量(与10只正常大鼠对照)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)免疫组化检查。结果立体定向颅内接种成功率97.5%,未见远处及颅外转移,肿瘤在一定时期内牛长较快,脑水肿随肿瘤的生长明显加重,生存期观察组中7只荷瘤鼠死亡,3只肿瘤自发部分消退。结论立体定向建立大鼠C6胶质瘤模型成功率高,接种后颅内肿瘤呈浸润性生长,与人脑胶质瘤具有相似性,由于生存期观察组中有部分荷瘤鼠出现肿瘤自发部分消退,故应用该模型评价治疗效果时应慎重;TIWI增强扫描可清晰显示肿瘤影像,且能更早发现肿瘤;MRI联合病理可较好反映肿瘤生长方式及发展过程。  相似文献   

15.
BACKGROUND: It is not possible to reconstruct the inner structure of the spinal cord, such as gray matter and spinal tracts, from the Visual Human Project database or CT and MRI databases, due to low image resolution and contrast in macrosection images.
OBJECTIVE: To explore a semi-automatic computerized three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of human spinal cord based on histological serial sections, in order to solve issues such as low contrast.
DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An experimental study combining serial section techniques and 3D reconstruction, performed in the laboratory of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology at the Medical School of Nantong University during January to April 2008.
SETTING: Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration, Laboratory of Image Engineering.
MATERIALS: A human lumbar spinal cord segment from fresh autopsy material of an adult male.
METHODS: After 4% paraformaldehyde fixation for three days, serial sections of the lumbar spinal cord were cut on a Leica cryostat and mounted on slides in sequence, with eight sections aligned separately on each slide. All sections were stained with Luxol Fast Blue to reveal myelin sheaths. After gradient dehydration and clearing, the stained slides were coverslipped. Sections were observed and images recorded under a light microscope using a digital camera. Six images were acquired at x25 magnification and automatically stitched into a complete section image. After all serial images were obtained, 96 complete serial images of the human lumbar cord segment were automatically processed with "Curves", "Autocontrast", "Gray scale 8 bit", "Invert", "Image resize to 50%" steps using Photoshop 7.0 software. All images were added in order into 3D-DOCTOR 4.0 software as a stack, where serial images were automatically realigned with neighboring images and semi-automatically segmented for white matter and gray matter. Finally, simple surface and volume recon  相似文献   

16.
BACKGROUND:It is not possible to reconstruct the inner structure of the spinal cord.such as gray matter and spinal tracts,from the Visual Human Project database or CT and MRI databases,due to low image resolution and contrast in macrosection images.OBJECTIVE:To explore a semi-automatic computerized three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction of human spinal cord based on histological serial sections,in order to solve issues such as low contrast.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:An experimental study combining serial section techniques and 3D reconstruction,performed in the laboratory of Hunlan Anatomy and Histoembryology at the Medical School of Nantong University during January to April 2008.SETTING:Department of Anatomy,Institute of Neurobiology,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration,Laboratory of Image Engineering.MATERIALS:A human lumbar spinal cord segment from fresh autopsy material of an adult male.M[ETHODS:After 4% paraformaldehyde fixation for three days,serial sections of the lumbar spinal cord were cut on a Leica cryostat and mounted on slides in sequence,with eight sections aligned separately on each slide.All sections were stained with Luxol Fast Blue to reveal myelin sheaths.After gradient dehydration and clearing,the stained slides were coverslipped.Sections were observed and images recorded under a light microscope using a digital camera.Six images were acquired at ×25 magnification and automatically stitched into a complete section image.Aftel-all serial images were obtained,96 complete serial images of the human lumbar cord segment were automatically processed with "Curves","Autocontrast","Gray scale 8 bit","Invert","Image resize to 50%"steps using Photoshop 7.0 software.All images were added in order into 3D-DOCTOR 4.0 software as a stack where serial images were automatically realigned with neighbonng images and semi-automatically segmented for white matter and gray matter.Finally,simple surface and volume reconstruction were completed on a personal computer.The reconstructed human lumbar spinal cord segment was interactively observed,cut.and measured.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The reconstructed human lumbar spinal cord segment.RESULTS:Compared with serial images obtained from other image modalities,such as CT,MRI,and macrosections from The Visual Human Project database.the Luxol Fast Blue stained histological serial section images exhibited higher resolution and contrast between gray and white matter.Image processing and 3D reconstruction steps were semi-automatically performed with related software.The 3D reconstructed human lumbar cord segment were observed,cut,and measured on a PC.CONCLUSION:A semi-automatically computerized method,based on histological serial sections,is an effective way to 3D-reconstruct the human spinal cord.  相似文献   

17.
目的探讨建立个体化MRI立体定向丘脑底核(STN)和杏仁核(AM)数字化、可视化图谱的可行性。方法对1例成年男性健康自愿者应用1.5TMRI,在标准的脑立体定向空间做1mm层厚的MRI轴位脑扫描,在MRI上对STN和AM进行识别、手动分割、提取、存储和三维重建。结果三维重建的STN和AM表面光滑、形态逼真,清晰的显示了个体STN和AM在标准立体定向空间中的位置,可以直观的观察STN和AM的形态结构。重建后的STN和AM可以任意旋转、缩放及变换颜色。STN前后径较长,上下径和左右径相对较短,表现出典型的“双透镜”结构特点,而AM则表现出典型的“杏仁”形状。结论MRI立体定向个体化的STN和AM数字化、可视化具有可行性,如果要达到指导立体定向功能神经外科临床应用的目的,需解决计算机自动化识别、自动配准和分割问题。  相似文献   

18.
The correlation between post-mortem data and in-vivo brain images is of high interest for studying neurodegenerative diseases. This paper describes a protocol that matches a series of stained histological slices of a baboon brain with an anatomical MRI scan of the same subject using an intermediate 3D-consistent volume of "blockface" photographs taken during the sectioning process. Each stained histological section of the baboon brain was first registered to its corresponding blockface photograph using a novel "hemi-rigid" transformation. This piecewise rigid 2D transformation was specifically adapted to the registration of slices which contained both hemispheres. Subsenquently, to correct the global 3D deformations of the brain caused by histological preparation and fixation, a 3D elastic transformation was estimated between the blockface volume and the MRI data. This 3D elastic transformation was then applied to the histological volume previously aligned using the hemi-rigid method to complete the registration of the series of stained histological slices with the MRI data. We assessed the efficacy of our method by evaluating the quality of matching of anatomical features as well as the difference of volume measurements between the MRI and the histological images. Two complete baboon brains (with the exception of cerebellum) were successfully processed using our protocol.  相似文献   

19.
目的建立稳定、可靠的大鼠颅脑爆震伤模型。方法 SD大鼠96只随机分为8、10、12cm组和对照组(n=24),将大鼠麻醉后分别放置距电雷管(600mgTNT当量)垂直距离8 cm、10 cm、12 cm处进行爆炸,于伤后24h行头颅MRI检查,6h、24h、3d、7d行检测损伤区光、电镜下病理变化。结果 8 cm组大鼠几乎在当天全部死亡,10 cm组大鼠存活时间也较短,少有存活7天,12 cm组大鼠存活时间在7天以上,且伤后24小时MRI提示挫伤区存在血肿及挫裂伤,病理学提示皮质、脑膜、脑室周围、神经元胞体、线粒体等均出现不同程度水肿。结论 600mgTNT电雷管在距离大鼠头部垂直12 cm处可制作稳定的大鼠颅脑爆震伤模型。  相似文献   

20.
目的:探讨尼莫地平(nimodipine,NIM)对戊四氮(Pentylenetetrazole,PTZ)慢性点燃癫痫大鼠行为及脑电图的影响。方法:64只动物随机分为正常对照组(A组)、PTZ单纯致痫组(B组)、NIM1.25mg/kg干预组(C组)、NIM2.5mg/kg干预组(D组),通过腹腔注射PTZ建立慢性癫痫动物模型,观察大鼠行为、脑电图及海马组织学改变。结果:腹腔注射NIM可以明显抑制大鼠的痫性放电,减小其痫性发作级别,与正常对照组相比重型发作率明显降低(P<0.01),此外,NIM还能减轻海马的损伤程度。结论:NIM在PTZ慢性点燃癫痫大鼠模型中不仅具有抗惊厥作用,还能减轻海马的损伤程度。  相似文献   

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