基于磁共振动脉自旋标记技术指导的急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓研究

目的探讨磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)动脉自旋标记技术(arterial spin label,ASL)指导缺血性卒中静脉溶栓治疗的有效性和安全性,探索新的、高效的指导急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓的技术。方法入选发病至就诊时间大于3 h,在MRI-ASL指导下进行重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA)静脉溶栓的急性缺血性卒中患者,同时选取在MRI灌注加权像(perfusion-weighted imaging,PWI)指导下进行rt-PA静脉溶栓的急性缺血性卒中患者为对照组。比较两组患者的基线资料、既往病史、入院至溶栓时间、影像学检查至溶栓时间、发病90 d的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分、预后良好[改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,m RS)0~1分]率及出血转化发生率等。结果 ASL组和PWI组相比,基线数据无显著差异;出血转化率也无显著差异。ASL组影像学检查至溶栓时间短于PWI组([65±15)min vs(73±11)min,P=0.031]。结论 ASL较PWI技术指导急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓可以减少延误时间,其安全性和有效性无差异。     

尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性椎基底动脉缺血性卒中的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性期椎基底动脉系统缺血性卒中的临床疗效.方法 13例急性期椎基底动脉系统缺血性卒中患者经静脉输注尿激酶50-150万U,并进行溶栓前、溶栓后即刻、6h、24h、7d、14d的美国围立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分.3个月时进行MRS评分以评定预后. 结果 13例患者在溶栓前NIHSS评分平均为(17.46-6.19)分,溶栓后评分呈下降趋势,溶栓后即刻为(11.77±6.47)分,溶栓后6 h为(10.31±5.65)分.24 h为(7.92±6.43)分,7 d为(6.58±5.41)分.14d为(6.50±5.56)分.溶栓后24h后的时间段NIHSS评分与溶栓前相比均明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).13例中有3例死亡,2例预后不佳,8例预后良好.4例出现出血并发症,其中脑出血2例. 结论 尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗可有效改善急性期椎基底动脉系统缺血性脑卒中的临床症状和预后.     

阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性后循环缺血性卒中患者的预后相关因素分析

目的探讨分析影响阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性后循环缺血性卒中患者的预后的相关因素。方法选取发病0~4.5 h急性后循环缺血性卒中患者,分为阿替普酶静脉溶栓组和非静脉溶栓组,记录患者的一般人口学资料及基本资料、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分,溶栓组记录发病至溶栓时间及溶栓后24 h NIHSS评分下降。结局指标采用90 d改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,m RS)评分、症状性颅内出血(symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage,SICH)及患者死亡率,应用Logistic回归模型分析卒中患者90 d不良结局的相关因素。结果急性后循环缺血性卒中患者共116例,其中成功给予阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的患者84例,非静脉溶栓32例。静脉溶栓组3个月预后良好53例(63.1%),预后不良31例(36.9%),其中发生出血转化6例(7.1%),症状性颅内出血3例(3.5%),死亡3例(3.5%)。非静脉溶栓组3个月预后良好12例(37.5%),预后不良20例(62.5%),其中发生出血转化5例(15.6%),症状性颅内出血3例(9.3%),死亡3例(9.3%)。静脉溶栓组经多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、发病至溶栓时间、基线NIHSS评分、高血压与90 d不良预后相关(P0.05)。静脉溶栓组和非静脉溶栓组相比,静脉溶栓组有更好的临床预后及更低的死亡率,两组在症状性颅内出血发病率方面并无明显差异。结论对于急性后循环缺血性卒中患者,尽早实施静脉溶栓对改善近期预后有一定临床意义。     

颈内动脉系统脑梗死3～6 h静脉溶栓与动脉溶栓的比较

目的 观察颈内动脉系统梗死患者3～6 h时间窗内静脉溶栓和动脉溶栓治疗的疗效.方法 对34例发病3～4.5 h和18例发病4.5～6 h颈内动脉系统梗死患者,根据头颅磁共振灌注加权成像(PWI)/弥散加权成像(DWI)≥20%,分别行静脉和动脉内超选择性重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)溶栓治疗.治疗前后进行卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,并观察血管再通率、出血率,治疗后90 d用修正Raikin量表(MRS)评价临床预后.结果 溶栓后2组患者NIHSS评分较治疗前明显改善(P＜0.05),2组间NIHSS的改善程度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗后90 d预后良好率:静脉溶栓组55.9%,动脉溶栓组61.1%,2组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).血管再通率:静脉溶栓组47.1%、动脉溶栓组77.8%,2组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).出血率:静脉溶栓组17.6%,动脉溶栓组33.3%,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 在头颅MR PWI/DWI不匹配时,颈内动脉系统脑梗死发生3~4.5 h内静脉溶栓与4.5~6 h内动脉溶栓治疗安全有效,两者的效果相当.     

提高急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓有效性和安全性的研究进展

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator alteplase,rt-PA)是目前急性缺血性卒中时间窗内静脉溶栓最有效的治疗药物,然而,静脉溶栓也伴随着出血转化、症状性颅内出血风险的增加,导致患者预后不良,甚至死亡。因此,研究静脉溶栓治疗及预后的影响因素,提高静脉溶栓治疗的有效性及安全性,对急性缺血性卒中患者的预后有着重大意义。     

SWI皮质血管征对大脑中动脉脑梗死rt-PA静脉溶栓预后的评估

目的探讨SWI皮质血管征和大脑中动脉脑梗死rt-PA静脉溶栓预后的关系。方法选取河南省人民医院258例急性大脑中动脉脑梗死静脉溶栓住院患者,采用3. 0T MRI在溶栓前行DWI、SWI和PWI序列检查,溶栓24 h后给予抗血小板聚集、辅助用药和持续康复训练,计算3 m后改良的Rankin量表(Modified Rankin Scale,mRS)。根据mRS评分,分为预后良好组和预后不良组。首先SDM(SWI-DWI)和PDM(PWI-DWI)进行差异性比较;然后影响预后程度有关的因素进行Logistic回归分析,对有差异性因素进行回归参数的估计;最后,预后程度和溶栓前SDM/SWI比值进行两样本定量资料的比较,并行关联性分析。结果 SDM和PDM比较(P 0. 05),差异无统计学意义。年龄、治疗时间窗、卒中的严重程度和复发性卒中均和预后程度有关联,治疗时间窗(OR=8. 381)复发性卒中(OR=6. 194),卒中的严重程度(OR=3. 234)和年龄(OR=2. 682)。预后程度两组间溶栓前SDM/SWI比值差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05);两变量行Spearman线性相关分析(r=0. 683,P 0. 05)。结论 SWI皮质血管征可用于大脑中动脉脑梗死rt-PA静脉溶栓预后的评估,SDM/SWI比值和预后呈正相关。     

轻型急性缺血性卒中rt-PA静脉溶栓的疗效和安全性研究

目的探讨轻型急性缺血性卒中rt-PA静脉溶栓的疗效和安全性及预后不良的危险因素。方法前瞻性分析从2016年1月～2018年5月在深圳市6个卒中中心接受rt-PA静脉溶栓的急性缺血性卒中患者临床资料共224例,将美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)≤5分定义为轻型卒中(minor stroke,MS),共116例,NIHSS 5分为非轻型卒中(non-minor stroke,NMS),共108例。比较两组基线资料、两组治疗后90 d改良Rankin评分(mRS)、治疗后7 d内症状性颅内出血(symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage,s ICH)及早期神经功能恶化(early neurological deterioration,END)发生率、90 d死亡率的差异。运用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析探讨影响rt-PA静脉溶栓的MS患者预后不良的危险因素。结果两组基线资料中,与NMS组相比,MS组心源性栓塞型卒中比例更低(7. 8%vs 17. 6%,P=0. 026),而小动脉闭塞型卒中比例明显更高(41. 4%vs24. 1%,P=0. 006)。疗效性上,MS组90 d预后良好(mRS≤2分)比例明显高于NMS组(87. 9%vs 63%,OR6. 099,95%CI 2. 650～14. 040,P 0. 001)。安全性上,MS组7 d内END发生率高于NMS组(5. 2%vs 4. 6%); 7 d内s ICH发生率低于NMS组(4. 3%vs 6. 5%); 90 d内死亡率低于NMS组(1. 7%vs 7. 4%),校正前后差异均无统计学意义。单因素Logistic回归分析提示即使接受静脉溶栓治疗,大动脉粥样硬化型卒中、END、既往缺血性脑卒中病史、既往接受抗血小板治疗与MS患者预后不良相关,而多因素logistic回归分析提示只有END与预后不良相关。结论与NMS相比,MS患者接受rt-PA静脉溶栓有助于改善90 d的神经功能预后,安全性与NMS相似。即使接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,END仍然是MS患者预后不良的独立危险因素。     

静脉溶栓治疗NIHSS评分>25分严重缺血性卒中的疗效和安全性

目的观察静脉用rt-PA溶栓对NIHSS评分25分的严重缺血性卒中的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析时间窗内的NIHSS评分25分的严重缺血性脑卒中患者65例,其中接受静脉溶栓组(溶栓组)30例和未进行溶栓(未溶栓组)35例。比较2组治疗前后(24h、7d、14d)的NIHSS评分、治疗后mRS评分(30d)、颅内出血率及病死率。结果溶栓组治疗后24h、7d、14d的NIHSS评分较治疗前及未溶栓组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组脑出血发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),病死率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于NIHSS评分25分的严重缺血性卒中,在时间窗内溶栓可以有效改善患者的神经功能缺损和预后,不会过度增加颅内出血风险。     

缺血性卒中静脉溶栓预后预测的研究进展

静脉溶栓是急性缺血性卒中最有效的治疗方法,但同时伴随着出血转化及预后不良风险
的增加。本文对急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓预后不良的危险因素及相关预测模型进行综述,对不同预
后预测模型的特点及预测能力进行分析比较,以期帮助临床神经科医师在接诊急性缺血性卒中患者
时对于是否行静脉溶栓进行快速评判并指导决策。     

缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓后不良预后危险因素的研究现状

急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓的患者临床预后可受疾病严重程度、发病到溶栓的时间、脑小 血管病、血糖水平、中性粒细胞计数、血小板计数、溶栓后再灌注损伤及出血转化等多种因素的影响。 本文从流行病学、溶栓前后影响缺血性卒中静脉溶栓预后的危险因素及相关预测模型进行文献复习， 旨在加强对缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓后不良预后危险因素及相关预测模型的认识，为其防治提供理 论依据和临床指导。     

Factors associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the work described here was to determine those variables associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy. METHODS: We interviewed patients followed at a tertiary epilepsy center. Predictor variables included age, gender, race, education, income, insurance, seizure frequency, and Quality of Life in Epilepsy-10 inventory (QOLIE-10) results. Target variables were the subscales of the Short Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18). We used univariate analysis to identify those variables significantly associated with the subscales and multiple linear regression to determine those independently significant. RESULTS: The study population comprised 193 patients. Lower education and better QOLIE-10 scores were independently associated with general satisfaction with care. The mental health scale was associated with general satisfaction with care. Lower educational level was the only variable independently associated with patient satisfaction with communication, the financial aspect of care, and time spent with physician. CONCLUSION: Lower educational level and better quality of life are the main variables associated with higher general satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy.     

Treatment with rituximab in patients with polyneuropathy with anti-MAG antibodies

Journal of Neurology -     

Surgical Outcome in Patients with Epilepsy with Occult Vascular Malformations Treated with Lesionectomy

Summary: Purpose: This retrospective study reports the long-term surgical outcome of patients with medically refractory epilepsy and vascular malformations who were treated with lesionectomy. A detailed analysis of surgical failures had been performed in an attempt to define predictors of surgical success and failure.
Methods: Fifteen patients with medically intractable epilepsy and angiographically occult vascular malformations (AOVMs) were treated surgically with lesionectomy at Duke University Medical Center. Lesionectomy consisted of removal of the AOVM and surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain only, without the use of electrocorticography (ECoG) to guide resection.
Results: Eleven (73%) patients are seizure free after lesionectomy. Three showed no significant improvement, and one patient died, presumably after a seizure. Age of onset, duration of seizures, age at resection, and gender did not affect outcome. All patients with neocortical AOVMs in whom EEG findings correlated with the site of the lesion were seizure free after lesional resection. Treatment failures were associated with the presence of multiple intracranial lesions, poorly localized or diffuse EEG findings, discordant positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, or with a lesion in close proximity to the limbic system.
Conclusions: Lesionectomy, with removal of surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain, can be considered the procedure of choice in carefully selected patients with epilepsy with occult vascular malformations.     

Children with ADHD and motor dysfunction compared with children with ADHD only

The purpose of this study was to identify group differences in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and motor dysfunction (ADHD-MD) and ADHD only, and to evaluate the medication responsiveness of ADHD-MD. Sixty-three children (49 males and 14 females; mean age 9 years 10 months, SD 2 years 10 months) underwent a triple blind, placebo-controlled crossover study evaluating two dose levels of methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg [corrected], twice daily) and placebo. Forty-nine trials were completed. Nineteen were children with ADHD-MD, 44 had ADHD only. Behavior and functioning were assessed at home and at school. Treatment effects were assessed using the Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire for Parents and Teachers. Children with ADHD-MD were more likely to have severe ADHD-combined type and other neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems. Both groups of children had a linear dose response to medication (placebo, low, high) and there was no evidence of a group by dose interaction or an overall group effect at home or school. The lack of group effect suggests that these children responded to medication like the other subgroups.     

Chronic headache with vasospasm treated with nimodipine

Journal of Neurology -