百乐眠联合氟哌噻吨美利曲辛治疗冠心病合并焦虑症状患者的疗效

目的：探讨百乐眠联合氟哌噻吨美利曲辛（商品名：黛力新）对冠心病合并焦虑症状患者的疗效。方法将冠心病合并焦虑症状患者随机分为两组,对照组只给予常规冠心病治疗药物＋黛力新治疗,试验组给予常规冠心病治疗药物＋百乐眠＋黛力新治疗,治疗时间为4周。观察比较两组患者的有效率和汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评分。结果治疗2周和4周时,两组患者与治疗前比较, HAMA评分均明显降低,且试验组评分更低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。治疗4周后,试验组总有效率为92.9％,明显高于对照组的80．5％,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝18．28,P ＜0．01）。结论百乐眠联合黛力新能够有效改善冠心病患者的焦虑症状。     

百乐眠胶囊治疗脑卒中急性期失眠患者的临床疗效

目的：观察百乐眠胶囊治疗脑卒中急性期失眠的临床疗效。方法将144例缺血性脑卒中伴失眠患者按照服药情况分为观察组和对照组,两组患者均按照脑卒中临床路径规范治疗,观察组给予百乐眠胶囊治疗（4粒,2次／d）,对照组给予阿普唑仑治疗（0．4 mg／d）,治疗期间观察药物不良反应及患者症状改善情况,治疗前及治疗3周后分别通过匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）量表进行睡眠质量评价,通过改良Rankin量表对患者的生活能力进行评价。结果治疗3周后两组患者睡眠质量、生活自理能力均明显改善,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）,且观察组的日间功能障碍评分和改良Rankin量表评分较对照组改善更佳,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。结论百乐眠胶囊对脑卒中急性期失眠患者的疗效显著,尤其是在日间功能障碍改善方面。     

九味镇心颗粒与丁螺环酮治疗广泛性焦虑症的对照研究

目的探讨九味镇心颗粒治疗广泛性焦虑症的疗效及安全性。方法将78例广泛性焦虑症患者随机分为九味镇心颗粒组（研究组）和丁螺环酮组（对照组）,治疗6周,采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）与治疗中需处理的不良反应症状量表（TESS）评定临床疗效和不良反应。结果治疗6周后,研究组显效率为81．25％,对照组为77．14％,两组显效率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。治疗后第2周末HAMA评分研究组低于对照组（P〈0．05）。研究组治疗后第4、6周末HAMA评分低于治疗前（P〈0．05）,对照组治疗后第4、6周末HAMA评分低于治疗前（P〈0．05）。两组在不良反应方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论九味镇心颗粒治疗广泛性焦虑症与丁螺环酮疗效相当,是安全有效的,且较丁螺环酮显效快。     

帕罗西汀联合生物反馈仪治疗躯体形式障碍对照研究

目的观察帕罗西汀联合生物反馈仅治疗躯体形式障碍的临床疗效。方法69例躯体形式障碍患者随机分为研究组（帕罗西汀联合生物反馈仪治疗）和对照组（单用帕罗西汀治疗）;于治疗前及治疗后第2、4、6周末用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）分评定疗效;Asberg氏抗抑郁药副反应量表（SERS）评定不良反应。结果治疗后两组SCL-90躯体化、抑郁、焦虑因子分、HAMA总分较治疗前明显减少,两组间差异比较有统计学显著性意义（P〈0．01）;第2周末、第4周末,研究组SCL-90中躯体化、抑郁、焦虑因子分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;第2周末开始研究组HAMA总分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;两组各时期SERS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论帕罗西汀联合生物反馈仪治疗躯体形式障碍。起效更快,疗效更为显著,不增加不良反应。     

舒肝颗粒治疗焦虑障碍的疗效

目的观察舒肝颗粒对焦虑障碍的疗效。方法采用开放性病例对照研究,将177例焦虑障碍患者分为舒肝组、联合组和西药组,分别治疗观察6周,于治疗前、治疗后2、4、6周分别采用HAMA、CGI及TESS量表评价3组患者的I临床疗效及不良反应情况。结果选择入舒肝组的患者平均年龄偏大,女性占79％,治疗前HAMA总分较低,平均病程偏短,接受舒肝颗粒治疗后6周HAMA总分均显著下降（P〈0．05）;联合组与西药组均于治疗4周后HAMA总分显著下降（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,两组HAMA降分值比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;3组患者疗效指数（E1）评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,第2周西药组低于于舒肝组和联合组,第4周舒肝组患者E1评分低于其他两组,差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）;3组治疗的安全性比较发现,舒肝组各类不良事件的发生率明显低于其他两组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;临床观察发现治疗早期舒肝组、联合组的苯二氮革类药使用率明显低于西药组（P〈0．05）。结论舒肝颗粒对轻中度焦虑患者有一定的治疗作用,虽然其临床起效缓慢,但其不良反应发生率低,与抗焦虑或抗抑郁药联合使用可减少苯二氮革类药的滥用。     

度洛西汀、米氮平、帕罗西汀与阿米替林治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症的对照研究

目的探讨度洛西汀、米氮平、帕罗西汀与阿米替林治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症的疗效和安全性。方法将符合国际疾病分类第10版（ICD一10）诊断标准的伴躯体症状的抑郁症患者117例,随机分为4组,分别给予度洛西汀、米氮平、帕罗西汀与阿米替林治疗,疗程8周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）和副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效及不良反应。结果4组药物均能迅速起效,第2周末HAMD、HAMA评分较治疗前差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,治疗8周后,4组闯疗效无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,4组HAMD、HAMA评分较治疗前有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,4个治疗组不良反应有统计学意义（P．〈0．01）。结论治疗伴躯体症状的抑郁症,四药总体疗效相似,均起效较快,度洛西汀、米氮平和帕罗西汀不良反应相对少,依从性好。提示四种药物均为治疗伴躯体症状的抑郁症一线药物,度洛西汀、米氮平和帕罗西汀值得临床推广。     

艾司西酞普兰联合正念认知疗法对广泛性焦虑障碍患者临床症状和生活质量的效果

目的观察艾司西酞普兰联合正念认知疗法(MBCT)对广泛性焦虑障碍患者临床症状和生活质量的效果,为广泛性焦虑障碍的治疗提供参考。方法选择72例就诊于天津市安定医院、符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)广泛性焦虑障碍诊断标准的患者,采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各36例,研究组给予艾司西酞普兰联合MBCT,对照组单用艾司西酞普兰治疗,于治疗前和治疗8周后采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和健康调查简表(SF-36)进行评定。结果治疗8周后,两组HAMA和SAS评分均较治疗前低,差异均有统计学意义(P均0. 01),研究组HAMA和SAS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均0. 01);治疗后研究组SF-36各因子评分及总评分均较治疗前高,差异均有统计学意义(P均0. 01),对照组SF-36除社会功能、心理健康因子外,其他各因子评分及总评分均较治疗前高,差异有统计学意义(P均0. 01),治疗后研究组SF-36各因子评分及总评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05或0. 01)。结论与单用艾司西酞普兰相比,艾司西酞普兰联合MBCT可能更有助于改善广泛性焦虑障碍患者的临床症状和生活质量。     

积极式个案管理模式对精神分裂症患者生活质量影响的研究

目的探讨积极式个案管理模式对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法选取800例精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,分别接受积极式个案管理治疗（研究组,入组400例,完成380侧）和普通康复治疗（对照组,入组400例,完成350例）,应用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、Camberwell需求评价量表（CAN）、生活质量量表（QOLS）、家庭负担量表（FBI）和WHO-精神残疾评价量表简化版（DAS—S）分别于入组前、入组后1年、2年末对患者的精神症状、生活质量变化等进行评定。结果（1）治疗后,PANSS总分和阴性症状评分,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;（2）CAN帮助栏目分量表中基本生活、家庭和社会职能及社会救助因子分研究组较前均有下降,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,cAN帮助来源分量表中社会帮助因子分研究组较前升高,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;（3）生活质量量表中日常生活、家庭生活及安全感因子分,研究组均有提高,对照组无变化,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;（4）家庭负担量表评分,家庭经济和心理健康因子分,研究组明显下降,对照组无变化,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;（5）精神残疾评价量表评分,研究组DAS—S评分有下降,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论积极式个案管理模式能提高精神分裂症患者社会功能及生活质量。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗伴躯体疼痛抑郁症患者的疗效观察

目的探讨重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）治疗伴有躯体疼痛的抑郁症患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法将60例伴有躯体疼痛的抑郁症患者随机分为两组,各30例,均给予度洛西汀口服8周,研究组同时联用rTMS,对照组则予假性rTMS刺激4周,观察8周。于治疗前及治疗后第1,2,3,4,8周应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、医学结局研究用疼痛量表（MOSPM）和治疗中出现的不良反应量表（TESS）评定两组的治疗效果和安全性。结果治疗结束后两组的MOSPM和HAMD评分均较治疗前显著下降（P〈0．05）;治疗第1,2,3,4周,研究组的MOSPM评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗第2,3,4周,研究组的HAMD评分低于对照组而显效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗第8周,两组患者的MOSPM和HAMD评分及显效率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,治疗期间无严重不良反应发生。结论rTMS能有效治疗伴躯体疼痛的抑郁症,迅速缓解疼痛改善抑郁症状,早期疗效优于单一度洛西汀治疗,且安全性高。     

百乐眠胶囊联合小重量持续牵引对神经根型颈椎病患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪及睡眠的影响

目的百乐眠胶囊联合小重量持续牵引治疗神经根型颈椎病患者的疗效及患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪变化。方法采用随机数字表法将我院111例神经根型颈椎病患者分组,两组患者均给予小重量持续牵引治疗,对照组55例增加心理放松干预,观察组56例在对照组基础上增加百乐眠胶囊口服,观察两组患者治疗后焦虑(SAS)、抑郁情绪(SDS)、疼痛(VAS)、睡眠障碍(PSQI)、颈部残障指数(NDI)评分变化,并对比临床疗效。结果观察组治疗后SAS、SDS、VAS、PSQI及NDI评分均低于对照组,总有效率高于对照组(P0.05)。结论百乐眠胶囊联合小重量持续牵引能够有效改善神经根型颈椎病伴睡眠障碍患者睡眠质量,减轻疼痛,消除负性情绪及症状体征,促进颈部功能恢复。     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

Onset of action of antipsychotics in the treatment of mania

Introduction: An important consideration in treating acute mania is the promptness with which a chosen therapy can bring symptom amelioration. This article reviews the available published data from controlled, blinded studies regarding the latency of responses to antipsychotics in patients with acute mania.

Methods: Articles for this review were obtained from a search of the Medline database (1966–1999), using the following keywords and phrases: antipsychotic, atypical, bipolar disorder, mania, neuroleptic, typical. The bibliographic sections of articles gleaned from this search were used to direct further inquiries.

Results: Although information regarding the onset of action of antipsychotics is limited, we discovered data for four typical and three atypical antipsychotics. Drugs with the fastest onsets include haloperidol, risperidone, and olanzapine, with onsets appearing in 2–6 days. Chlorpromazine and thiothixene were at the slowest end of the continuum, with onsets of 2 weeks or longer. Data regarding pimozide are mixed, with some studies showing an onset equivalent to that of the 'fast' compounds and others showing one similar to that of the 'slow' compounds.

Conclusions: Choice of therapy should consider not only efficacy and safety, but also onset speed. Atypical antipsychotics appear to offer safer, faster, and more effective therapies.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

广西农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量状况调查

目的研究农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者的生活质量及影响因素。方法前瞻性的队列研究。采用随机分层抽样法分为农村壮族妇女精神分裂症组、农村汉族妇女精神分裂症组、农村正常妇女对照组,应用“世界卫生组织生存质量测定报告”(WHOQOL-100)及PANSS量表调查其生活质量和疾病的严重程度。结果农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量明显低于农村汉族妇女精神分裂症患者,影响其生活质量的相关因素是生活环境及精神支柱/个人信仰。结论经济贫困、环境条件、缺乏有效的医疗服务和社会保障是农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量低的关键。因此,建立农村壮族社区精神卫生服务网络势在必行。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

The origins of innervation of the esophagus of the dog

This study defined the origins of extrinsic efferent and afferent innervation of the normal canine esophagus. When all the layers of the wall of the 3 esophageal regions (cervical, thoracic and abdominal) were injected with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), labeled nerve cells were found in the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and parasympathetic nucleus of X (PX) of the brainstem. Most labeled cells in the NA were located in the compact column (retrofacial nucleus) while labeled cells in the PX were located in separate rostral and caudal areas. There was no somatotopic organization in either the NA or PX. Labeled sympathetic postganglionic neurons were found in the cranial cervical, middle cervical, cervicothoracic, thoracic sympathetic trunk and celiacomesenteric ganglia. The HRP injection of the esophageal wall labeled sensory cell bodies in the glossopharyngeal, proximal and distal vagal, and C2-T6 spinal ganglia. There was no discernible pattern of distribution of labeled cells in the autonomic or sensory ganglia. When the HRP injections were confined to the mucosa-submucosa layers of the thoracic esophagus, a small number of labeled cells were identified in the NA; however, no labeled cells were found in the NA when injections were confined to the mucosa-submucosa of either the cervical or abdominal esophageal regions. With these confined injections, the labeled nerve cells appeared in the rostral part of the PX. Thus, it appeared that the internal tunics of the esophagus (i.e., the mucosa and submucosa) were innervated by neurons in the rostral PX while the muscular tunic was innervated by neurons in the caudal PX and the rostral NA. After mucosa-submucosa injections, labeled sympathetic neurons appeared in the same ganglia that were identified after whole wall injections and these had a similar random distribution. These injections also labeled neurons in the glossopharyngeal, proximal vagal, and distal vagal ganglia, but unlike the whole wall injections there was no labeling in the spinal ganglia. This suggested that the labeled cells of the spinal ganglia seen after whole wall injections conveyed impulses from the tunica muscularis and serosa.