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1.
【摘要】 基底动脉闭塞病情重,致死率和致残率高,静脉溶栓、动脉溶栓治疗和机械取栓治疗是目前最常见的治疗方法。与静脉溶栓相比,动脉溶栓或机械取栓治疗血管再通率较高,且时间窗较静脉溶栓治疗宽,但目前的研究并未证实动脉溶栓或机械取栓治疗优于静脉溶栓治疗。桥接治疗是结合静脉溶栓与动脉溶栓或机械取栓的具有发展前景的一种治疗新模式,但其有效性还需要进一步证实。本文将对急性基底动脉闭塞相关的治疗方法:静脉溶栓、动脉溶栓、机械取栓治疗等做一综述,以促进对急性基底动脉闭塞血管再通治疗的认识。  相似文献   

2.
徐运 《中国卒中杂志》2016,11(2):120-120
<正>编者按血管再通是缺血性卒中急性期治疗的重要措施,直接关系到卒中的发展和预后。重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓适用于各级医院,患者可以至就近医院治疗,但大血管栓塞再通率低、时间窗短及其出血风险限制了患者的使用。而血管内治疗包括动脉溶栓、动静脉溶栓、动脉取栓和静脉溶栓后动脉取栓(桥  相似文献   

3.
急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗是静脉溶栓后又一血管再通疗法,一线治疗技术为支架取栓, 抽吸取栓是相对支架取栓的另一种技术。文章对抽吸取栓与支架取栓在急性缺血性卒中患者血管 内治疗中的疗效进行综述。急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗目前仍以支架取栓作为一线技术,作为补充 技术的抽吸取栓从股动脉穿刺到再灌注的时间较短,未来研究可能更着重于按特定部位或病因采 取不同的取栓技术。  相似文献   

4.
目的探讨阿替普酶静脉溶栓桥接Solitaire AB可回收支架取栓术在急性脑梗死溶栓时间窗内治疗的疗效和意义。方法将2015年7月-2018年7月在本院治疗的68例急性脑梗死患者随机分为实验组(34例)和对照组(34例),实验组予以阿替普酶静脉溶栓桥接Solitaire AB可回收支架取栓术治疗,对照组予以单纯阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗;通过影像学检查分析2组治疗后颅内病变和并发症发生情况;通过血管造影评估实验组血管再通率;通过NIHSS评分评估2组治疗后神经功能情况;通过Barthel指数和改良Rankin量表评分评估2组患者预后情况。结果在急性脑梗死溶栓时间窗内阿替普酶静脉溶栓桥接Solitaire AB可回收支架取栓术治疗的血管再通率为94.1%,再通时间为(219.4±59.2)min,取栓次数为(2.5±1.1)次,所有患者均未出现颅内出血等并发症;对比单纯阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗,阿替普酶静脉溶栓桥接Solitaire AB可回收支架取栓术治疗的患者NIHSS评分、Barthel指数和改良Rankin量表评分均有显著优势。结论在急性脑梗死溶栓时间窗内进行阿替普酶静脉溶栓桥接Solitaire AB可回收支架取栓是安全、有效的治疗方法,可以显著增加血管再通率、改善患者的神经功能和总体预后。  相似文献   

5.
发病时间窗内采用静脉溶栓是治疗急性缺血性卒中的首选方法。然而对于大血管闭塞性脑梗死,静脉溶栓血管再通率偏低,血管内治疗可提高血管再通率。本文主要对动脉溶栓及机械取栓的研究进展进行综述,旨在指导未来的临床工作。  相似文献   

6.
目的比较并探讨静脉溶栓序贯SolitaireAB可回收支架取栓与直接取栓治疗急性基底动脉闭塞(ABAO)的疗效与安全性。方法回顾性分析2013年1月~2017年4月间收治的70例行血管内取栓的ABAO患者资料,据血管内取栓前是否进行静脉溶栓分为联合组(37例)与对照组(33例),比较两组取栓次数、取栓时间、支架植入情况、血管再通情况、神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)及出血等并发症发生率。结果联合组、对照组分别有2例、3例取栓失败,联合组取栓次数(2.4±0.8vs.2.8±0.6)、取栓时间(61.6±18.3vs.71.4±21.1)min均显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组支架植入率(29.7%vs.27.3%)、取栓后即刻血管再通率(94.6%vs.90.9%)、取栓失败率(5.4%vs.9.1%)差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后30d,两组NIHSS评分均较术前显著下降,两组术后30dNIHSS评分差异无统计学意义(4.4±1.0vs.4.7±0.9)(P0.05)。联合组与对照组术后30d内颅内出血(18.9%vs.15.2%)、消化道出血(2.7%vs.0)、再闭塞(8.1%vs.6.1%)、肺部感染(10.8%vs.9.1%)及死亡(24.3%vs.24.2%)发生率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论静脉溶栓序贯SolitaireAB支架取栓与单纯直接取栓治疗ABAO疗效与安全性相近;但静脉溶栓能减少取栓次数、缩短血管开通时间。  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨急性颅内大动脉闭塞性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓及桥接治疗(静脉溶栓联合机械取栓)的临床疗效和安全性。方法选取我院2016年7月至2017年7月收治的急性大血管闭塞性缺血性脑卒中患者65例,其中30例接受静脉溶栓者为溶栓组,35例接受桥接治疗者为取栓组,通过比较患者基线资料及治疗后24 h、7 d的NHISS和早期预后良好率、血管再通率、90 d的mRS评分,同时对比治疗期间的颅内出血转化、其他部位出血、血管再闭塞、临床死亡等不良事件,评估两种治疗方案的有效性和安全性。结果与治疗前比较,两组治疗后24 h和7 d的NIHSS评分均明显降低(均P 0. 05);治疗后24 h及7 d的NIHSS评分取栓组均明显低于溶栓组(均P 0. 05);治疗后24 h、7 d的早期预后良好率取栓组(51. 4%、68. 6%)均明显高于溶栓组(26. 7%、40. 0%)(均P 0. 05);取栓组血管再通率(82. 9%)明显高于静脉溶栓组(36. 7%)(P 0. 05);治疗后90 d的远期预后良好率(mRS≤2)取栓组(71. 4%)明显高于溶栓组(43. 3%)(P 0. 05);两组不良反应包括脑出血转化、其他部位出血、血管再闭塞、药物过敏、临床死亡等发生率,溶栓组为40. 0%,取栓组为42. 8%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论桥接治疗急性缺血性大动脉性脑卒中效果较好,且安全性与静脉溶栓治疗比较差异无显著性。  相似文献   

8.
目的探讨急性缺血性脑卒中血管内治疗的方法、疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析血管内治疗的大血管闭塞的急性缺血性脑卒中患者21例。10例为阿替普酶静脉溶栓后桥接血管内治疗,11例直接行血管内治疗。其中机械取栓12例,机械取栓+支架植入3例,单纯颈动脉支架植入3例,机械取栓+动脉溶栓1例,机械取栓+动脉溶栓+支架植入1例,单纯动脉溶栓1例。评估术中mTICI再通等级、并发症及术后随访第90天m RS评分,分析疗效与安全性。结果21例患者前循环卒中18例,后循环卒中3例。NIHSS评分平均15. 81±6. 44分。20例患者术后血管再通达mTICI 2 b-3级。术中并发出血1例,术后大量颅内出血1例,无症状少量颅内出血4例。术后高灌注综合征8例,其中4例行去骨瓣减压术,最终死亡5例(23. 81%)。术后随访第90天mRS评分0~2分8例。结论经充分评估并及时采取适宜的单一或多种血管内治疗方法对于大血管闭塞导致的急性缺血性脑卒中患者安全有效。  相似文献   

9.
缺血性脑血管病介入治疗的新进展   总被引:6,自引:6,他引:0  
近年来缺血性脑血管病介入治疗方面取得了丰硕的成果,支架、动脉溶栓、机械取栓等血管内介入治疗技术在缺血性脑血管病防治方面已飞速发展,出现了大量临床病例研究和随机对照研究.本文对颈动脉支架术(CAS)、颅内动脉粥样硬化狭窄支架治疗、急性缺血性卒中的动脉溶栓和机械取栓治疗等方面的研究新进展作一综述.  相似文献   

10.
机械血栓切除术可治疗伴大血管闭塞的前循环和后循环急性缺血性脑卒中。机械血栓切除术失败后仍应进行支架植入术;接触抽吸术与支架取栓术的优劣难分仲伯;伴大血管闭塞的动脉粥样硬化性前循环急性缺血性脑卒中,血管成形术和(或)支架置入术要优于支架取栓术;支架取栓术加动脉内溶栓治疗有叠加效应,但机械血栓切除术加静脉溶栓则无叠加效应;远程缺血预处理和替罗非班有减少手术并发症的功效;紫杉醇洗脱支架和新型支架是值得推广的新型血管内治疗装置。  相似文献   

11.
Neuronal migration disorders are the result of disturbed brain development. In such disorders, neurons are abnormally located. In diagnosing these conditions, magnetic resonance imaging is superior to any other imaging technique. This enables us to improve our knowledge of the clinical correlates of neuronal migration. With reference to migrational disorder, a retrospective study of all 303 patients with epileptic seizures referred for magnetic resonance imaging during a 3-year period was performed, 13 patients (aged 12-41, mean age 27) were identified. They represent 4.3% of the entire study group. Of the patients with known epilepsy, 6.7% and of the mentally retarded, 13.7% had migrational disorders. Four patients had schizencephaly as the dominant finding, one was classified as hemimegalencephaly, 2 had isolated heterotopias, and 6 had localized pachy- and/or poly-microgyria. The clinical pictures are complex. Ectopias of grey matter are recognised foci of epilepsy, but from an epileptological and a clinical viewpoint little attention has been given to these disorders. The present study shows that malmigration is not rare in epilepsy patients, especially not in the mentally retarded.  相似文献   

12.
Diagnostic Difficulties and Treatment Implications   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Robert J. Gumnit 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S3):S9-S13
Summary: Differentiation between types of epileptic seizures has been aided in recent years by the introduction of intensive neurodiagnostic techniques and the development of increasingly detailed classification systems. Paradoxically, these developments have not simplified the task of matching the appropriate antiepileptic drug to a particular seizure type. It is reasonable to assume that anticonvulsant drugs will have different effects on different types of seizures, but faulty, circular reasoning can enter the picture if one also assumes that responses of seizures to different drugs signify different seizure types. There are several examples of differential diagnoses that can fall prey to this problem, including the diagnosis between partial seizures with secondary generalization and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the diagnosis between complex partial seizures and absence seizures with automatisms, among others. Considerations of etiology in future classification systems can further complicate the problem: should one then choose an anticonvulsant drug on the basis of individual seizure type or on the basis of the type of epilepsy? Ramifications of this issue extend even to the drug approval process. Official sanction is not given for use of a drug for a seizure type not included in the original efficacy studies, even if later scientific evidence shows that seizure type to be related to a type that is included. New trials must be undertaken. These problems arise from how we choose to classify seizures.  相似文献   

13.
Cognitive Dysfunction Associated with Antiepileptic Drug Therapy   总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2  
Eileen P.G. Vining 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S2):S18-S22
Summary: Epilepsy is frequently associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, the reasons for this correlation are unclear. Possible influential factors include patient age; duration, frequency, etiology, and type of seizures; hereditary factors; psychosocial issues; and antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Whereas many of these factors are beyond the physician's control, AED therapy is one element that can be addressed in treatment decisions by recognizing the potential cognitive effects of particular AEDs. For example, phenobarbital impairs memory and concentration; phenytoin affects attention, problem solving ability, and performance of visuomotor tasks. In contrast, carbamazepine may affect concentration, while valproate would appear to have minimal effects on cognition. Moreover, cognitive effects of AEDs are amplified with coadministration of multiple anticonvulsants (polytherapy). A review of studies on the cognitive effects of monotherapy with AEDs, as opposed to those of polytherapy, provides evidence that drug-related cognitive dysfunction can be reversed if patients are switched to a simpler therapeutic regimen. Future research should be directed toward developing reliable measures for assessing and monitoring cognition, and understanding the particular cognitive side effects of each AED. Physicians also need to revise their opinions about which side effects are "tolerable" for epileptic patients.  相似文献   

14.
B. J. Wilder 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S2):S1-S7
Summary: The long-standing practice of polypharmacy in treating epilepsy is giving way to use of monotherapy. Monotherapy can improve seizure control as well as reduce the risk of serious idiosyncratic reactions, dose-related side effects, and complex drug interactions. Monotherapy also offers improved compliance and cost-effectiveness. The basis of monotherapy is accurate diagnosis and assessment of the patient's seizure type(s), followed by selection of a single appropriate anticonvulsant drug. Many patients currently treated with multiple anticonvulsants can be successfully converted to monotherapy with a carefully monitored program in which troublesome and redundant drugs are gradually withdrawn from the therapeutic regimen.  相似文献   

15.
Summary: Carbamazepine and phenytoin are drugs of choice in initial monotherapy for adult partial and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. These designations reflect the results of the Veterans Administration Epilepsy Cooperative Study Group of 1985. An earlier comparative study of carbamazepine and phenytoin by Ramsay and associates found both drugs equally effective in controlling new-onset seizures. Among the advantages of carbamazepine is that it causes relatively few cognitive and dysmorphic side effects. Its disadvantages are its unavailability in parenteral formulation and its metabolic autoinduction. The latter must be compensated for by planned dosage increases to maintain therapeutic plasma steady-state levels during the first 2 or 3 months of treatment. Carbamazepine is judged a drug of choice in the treatment of these secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the drug of choice in children, adolescents, and women susceptible to the dysmorphic side effects associated with other anticonvulsant agents.  相似文献   

16.
Summary: Four broad categories of basic phenomena are pertinent to developing ways to prevent epilepsy. These include mechanisms of epileptogenesis, ictal initiation and temporary entrainment by the seizure discharge of normally functioning brain, seizure propagation, and control mechanisms that function both to restrain the cascade of epileptic events culminating in a seizure and to arrest the epileptic event and restore the interictal state. In newborns and children, hypoxia-ischemia is a major factor leading to epileptogenesis, and several schemes are proposed to classify, quantify, and prevent hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Control mechanisms must be better understood in order to develop prophylactic recommendations for epilepsy, and an experimental model of "kindling antagonism" may increase our understanding of these. Programs of prevention of seizures in children will evolve only if basic researchers and clinicians work productively together to develop an adequate understanding of factors important in epileptogenesis and antiepileptogenic control mechanisms.  相似文献   

17.
Hepatic Considerations in the Use of Antiepileptic Drugs   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1  
Summary: Virtually all of the major antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can cause hepatotoxicity, although fatal hepatic reactions are rare. The mechanisms, incidences, and risk profiles for such reactions differ from drug to drug. With carbamazepine and phenytoin, hepatotoxicity may be due to drug hypersensitivity. Although the profiles of patients at risk have not been well-defined for these two antiepileptic drugs, it would appear from reports in the literature that older adolescents and adults are at higher risk than children of developing serious or fatal hepatotoxicity. Once hepatotoxicity develops, mortality rates are 10–38% with phenytoin and 25% for carbamazepine. The risk profile for valproate fatal hepatotoxicity has been more clearly defined. Those at primary risk of fatal hepatic dysfunction are children under the age of 2 years who are receiving multiple anticonvulsants and also have significant medical problems in addition to severe epilepsy. The risk is considerably lower for patients over the age of 2 years on valproate monotherapy. In contrast to the risk profile with other AEDs, adults receiving valproate as monotherapy have the lowest risk of hepatotoxicity. Fatal hepatic dysfunction coincident with valproate may be the result of aberrant drug metabolism. Concomitant use of AEDs that induce microsomal P450 enzymes (e.g., phenytoin and phenobarbital) may enhance the production of a toxic metabolite, and hence the greater risk of hepatotoxicity with polypharmacy.  相似文献   

18.
Summary: Vascular malformations (VMs) are associated with epilepsy. The natural history of the various VMs, clinical presentation, and tendency to provoke epilepsy determine treatment strategies. Investigations have probed the mechanisms of epileptogenesis associated with these lesions. Electrophysiologic changes are associated with epileptogenic cortex adjacent to VMs. Putative pathophysiologic mechanisms of epileptogenesis include neuronal cell loss, glial proliferation and abnormal glial physiology, altered neurotransmitter levels, free radical formation, and aberrant second messenger physiology.  相似文献   

19.
Dextromethorphan: Cellular Effects Reducing Neuronal Hyperactivity   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
G. Trube  R. Netzer 《Epilepsia》1994,35(S5):S62-S67
Summary: Dextromethorphan is a dextrorotary morphinan without affinity for opioid receptors, commonly used as an antitussive medication. During the past 5 years, interest in the compound and its demethylated derivative, dextrorphan, has been revived because additional neuroprotective and an-tiepileptic properties were found in in vitro studies, animal experiments, and a few clinical cases. Both morphinans are able to inhibit N -methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels and voltage-operated calcium and sodium channels with different potencies. The inhibition of the NMDA receptor is believed to be the predominant mechanism of action responsible for the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties of the compounds.  相似文献   

20.
Predisposing and Causative Factors in Childhood Epilepsy   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
Summary: We review information from large studies of defined populations, examining the role of known factors and especially of prenatal and perinatal factors in contributing to nonfebrile seizure disorders of early childhood. We depend especially, but not exclusively, on the recently completed analyses from the Collaborative Perinatal Project of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, the NCPP. About 4% of children in the NCPP who had at least one non-febrile nonsymptomatic seizure by the age of 7 years had a previous seizure during acute neurologic illness, such as meningitis or during the acute illness after trauma. Many such seizures should potentially be preventable. Of children with seizures, 10% had had a neonatal seizure and 13% had had a febrile seizure. Among the hundreds of prenatal and perinatal factors explored as predictors of childhood seizure disorders, the principal predictors identified were congenital malformations of the fetus, cerebral and noncerebral; family history of certain neurologic disorders; and neonatal seizures. In agreement with the British National Child Development Study, labor and delivery factors in the NCPP appeared to contribute very little to childhood seizure disorders. Maldevelopment, rather than damage at birth to an initially intact nervous system, appeared to be the more common mechanism. Most seizure disorders of early childhood remained unexplained by the large set of prenatal and perinatal characteristics examined.  相似文献   

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