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1.
慢性精神分裂症住院患者的程式化技能训练   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:探讨程式化技能训练对慢性精神分裂症住院患者的康复效果.方法:将 120 例住院患者随机分成训练组和对照组各 60 例,对训练组进行 8 周的程式化训练,然后全部随访 24 周.采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS),自知力与治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)和 Morningside 康复状态量表(MRSS)进行评估.结果:训练组的 PANSS 总分、阴性症状分和一般精神病理分及 ITAQ 分以及 MPSS 各量表分在训练第 20 周末起,都明显优于对照组.结论:程式化技能训练可使慢性精神分裂症住院患者增进多方面的康复效果.  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨药物自我处置和症状自我监控技能训练对降低精神分裂症患者复发和提高其药物依从性的作用.方法将133例痊愈的精神分裂症患者随机分为技能训练组(以下简称训练组;66例)和对照组(67例).对训练组患者分组进行技能训练,共20周,两组均有64例完成1年随访.每月评定1次简明精神病量表(BPRS),每天以自制的监护人及患者药物依从性评分表进行评分;每2个月测定1次氯氮平血浓度.结果(1)入组时与随访末次评定差值的比较,训练组的BPRS总分[(3.3±13.7)分]、漏服药次数[(-0.9±3.0)次]、监护人药物依从性评分[(-53.0±31.2)分]和氯氮平血浓度[(85.5±44.8)ng/ml],均优于对照组,分别为[(-19.2±21.7)分]、[(-9.5±5.9)次]、[(26.5±24.3)分]和[(199.1±85.0)ng/ml],均P<0.001;(2)训练组的复发率(12%)和再住院率(3%)低于对照组(分别为52%和38%;P<0.001);(3)Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,训练组的复发和再住院累计生存率优于对照组(复发的log-rankx2=25.62,再住院的log-rankx2=25.49,均P<0.001).结论两种技能训练能降低精神分裂症患者的复发并提高其药物依从性.  相似文献   

3.
目的 探讨程式化技能训练对易肇事精神分裂症患者的疗效.方法 将102例易肇事精神分裂症患者随机分为训练组(51例)和对照组(51例).两组患者接受常规药物及康复治疗的同时,仅对训练组进行8周的程式化技能训练.训练结束后对两组均进行半年的随访,并采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)在入组时、训练结束时、随访第3,6个月时进行评估.结果 与入组时相比,训练组患者训练结束时的PANSS总分、阳性量表分、阴性量表分均显著降低(P<0.05).训练结束后及随访期,训练组患者的PANSS部分项目评分显著低于对照组患者(P<0.05).结论 程式化技能训练对易肇事精神分裂症患者的精神症状具有康复作用.  相似文献   

4.
精神分裂症院内康复措施及其疗效的一年随访   总被引:95,自引:1,他引:94  
目的 探讨院内康复措施对精神分裂症患者的作用。方法 将 12 4例精神分裂症住院患者随机分为措施干预组和对照组 ,每组各 6 2例。在抗精神病药治疗的同时 ,对干预组施以小组工作制、院内职业康复的两种技能训练 ,共 10周。出院后随访 1年。用简明精神病评定量表 (BPRS)、住院病人护士观察量表 (NOSIE 30 )、社会功能缺陷筛选量表 (SDSS)和就业率等进行评估。结果  (1)与入组时比较 ,住院期间干预组NOSIE 30各因素的变化值从住院的第 2周开始至第 10周均优于对照组(均P <0 0 1) ,且增分和减分的幅度逐渐增大。 (2 )出院时点与随访最后时点评分差值的比较 ,干预组的SDSS分 [(4 0± 2 7)分 ]、NOSIE 30积极因素分 [(- 2 4 8± 4 9)分 ]和消极因素分 [(8 9± 3 6 )分 ]均显著优于对照组 [分别为 (- 3 9± 1 9)分、(5 2± 5 0 )分和 (- 19 5± 5 9)分 ;均P <0 0 1~P <0 0 0 1];(3)干预组的复发率 (10 %)、再住院率 (3%)和再就业率 (4 1%)皆优于对照组 (分别为 6 9%、5 6 %和 13%,P =0 0 0 0 )。结论 院内康复措施对控制精神分裂症患者的病情、提高社会功能和再就业率 ,以及降低复发率和再住院率具有重要的作用。  相似文献   

5.
目的 探讨精神分裂症患者社区康复的办法及可行性.方法 将60例精神分裂症患者随机分为干预组和对照组,每组30例.干预组开办家庭病床,每周进行一次家访,对患者进行检查并对其及家属进行心理治疗、康复训练、用药指导.对照组只进行家访,不做任何指导.持续随访一年.用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS),社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS),康复状态量表(MRSS)和复发率,再住院率,再就业率进行评估.结果 1、干预组患者PANSS总分及各分量表分自第2月起减分率明显优于对照组(P<0.01);2、干预组MRSS、SDSS均显著优于对照组;3、干预组复发率(10.0%),再住院率(3.3%),再就业率(43.3%),显著低于对照组复发率(63.3%),再住院率(43.3%),再就业率(10.0%),(X2=40.6,13.7,6.7,P<0.01).结论 慢性精神分裂症患者通过社区干预,可有效改善精神分裂症患者的症状,提高其社会适应能力,是行之有效的.  相似文献   

6.
目的研究社区康复联合药物治疗对农村社区精神分裂症患者康复的效果,为我国农村地区精神分裂症患者社区康复提供参考。方法选择兰州新区三个镇农村社区中符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)精神分裂症诊断标准的患者81例,按随机数字表法分为研究组(n=39)和对照组(n=42),两组均接受一般药物治疗,研究组在此基础上接受6个月的社区康复干预。于干预前后采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)、社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)和精神分裂症患者生活质量量表(SQLS)评定两组患者的精神病性症状、社会功能和生活质量。结果干预后,研究组PANSS总评分[(55.54±14.75)分vs.(63.52±13.95)分,t=-2.504,P=0.014]、阴性症状[(15.64±4.50)分vs.(18.38±5.13)分,t=-2.547,P=0.013]和一般精神病理分量表评分[(25.67±7.39)分vs.(30.35±6.60)分,t=-3.015,P=0.003]均低于对照组;研究组SDSS总评分[(8.21±3.78)分vs.(10.21±4.67)分,t=-2.118,P=0.037]和SQLS总评分[(18.97±6.23)分vs.(22.43±8.04)分,t=2.150,P=0.035]均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义。结论社区康复联合药物治疗可能有助于减轻农村社区精神分裂症患者的精神病性症状,提高社会功能,改善生活质量。  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨支持性心理干预联合社区日间康复训练对慢性精神分裂症患者的远期康复疗效。方法 2011年10月至2012年9月选取慢性精神分裂症患者,按照随机抽样方法,入选样本84例,随机分为两组:干预组和对照组,每组42例。干预组接受支持性心理干预和社区日间康复干预6个月,对照组按社区常规随访6月。12个月末采用采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、康复量表(MRSS)、自知力与态度问卷调查(ITAQ)、复发率和再住院率评估两组的康复疗效。结果干预组、对照组患者入组时PANSS、MRSS以及ITAQ评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。干预后干预组的PANSS总分及阴性量表分显著低于对照组,差异有显著性(P0.05)、MRSS总分及依赖性、活动能力、社交能力较对照组下降,ITAQ评分显著高于对照组,差异有显著性(P0.05),症状行为因子分两组无差异(P0.05)。干预组复发率及再住院率显著低于对照组(P0.05),差异具有统计学意义。结论支持性心理干预联合社区日间康复能更好地改善慢性精神分裂症患者的症状、提高其自知力,降低复发率和再住院率,对促进其康复水平有积极意义。  相似文献   

8.
目的:探讨精神卫生综合干预对社区精神分裂症患者的康复作用。方法:将精神病患者日间康复照料机构中的89例精神分裂症康复期患者随机分为干预组和对照组;在接受常规社区精神卫生服务的同时,给予干预组精神卫生综合干预(健康教育、家庭治疗及技能程式训练)1年。分别在入组时、干预3、6、9及12个月进行阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、康复状态量表(MRSS)和社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)评定。结果:PANSS阴性症状分和一般病理分具有组间效应(F=2175.79;P0.001;F=4.74,P0.05);两组PANSS总分、阴性症状分和一般病理分具有时间效应(F=29.32、23.07、15.21,P均0.001)及交互作用(F=3.27,P0.05;F=6.06,P0.001;F=3.55,P0.01)。两组MRSS总分、活动能力缺乏、社交能力、目前症状和异常行为评分具有时间效应(F=14.53、12.74、8.58、6.26;P均0.001)及交互作用(F=6.34,P0.001;F=2.47,P0.05;F=8.58,P0.001;F=2.88,P0.05)。两组SDSS评分具有时间效应和具有交互作用(F=10.69,F=5.19;P均0.001)。两组康复状况比较差异无统计学意义。结论:精神卫生综合干预对改善精神分裂症患者状况及提高社交技能方面优于常规社区精神卫生服务。  相似文献   

9.
目的 探讨《技能训练程式》对精神分裂症患者康复的作用。方法 随机把133例出院精神分裂症患者分为技能训练组66例和对照组67例,技能训练组接受《技能训练程式》训练20周,而对照组行门诊常规治疗。随访2年,用自知力与治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)、治疗依从性评定、社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)、复发率和再次住院率来评定其效能。结果 训练组的ITAQ减分值、患者药物依从性减分值、SDSS减分值、复发率和再住院率均优于对照组。结论 《技能训练程式》对促进精神分裂症患者康复具有重要作用。  相似文献   

10.
利培酮对精神分裂症患者血浆高香草酸的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的 探讨利培酮对精神分裂症患者中枢多巴胺代谢产物血浆高香草酸 (pHVA)的影响。方法  30例精神分裂症住院患者 (患者组 )纳入研究 ,利培酮治疗平均剂量为 (3 2± 1 1)mg/d ,共观察 6周。以阳性和阴性症状量表 (PANSS)评定疗效 ,以高效液相库仑阵列电化学检测法测定患者治疗前后的 pHVA含量。 30例健康志愿者作为对照组 ,检测pHVA水平。 结果  (1)患者组治疗前 pHVA含量 [(7 9± 4 0 ) μg /L]与对照组含量 [(8 8± 4 1) μg /L]的差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,而患者组治疗后 pHVA含量 [(5 3± 2 7) μg/L]明显低于治疗前 (P <0 0 1) ;(2 )治疗前患者组 pHVA与PANSS阳性症状评分 [(2 0 7± 4 1)分 ]存在正相关 (r =0 39,P <0 0 0 1) ,与基线PANSS阴性症状评分 [(19 7± 5 1)分 ]存在负相关 (r =- 0 35 ,P <0 0 1) ;(3)基础pHVA含量及其治疗前后差值[(2 6± 1 3) μg/L]与PANSS阳性症状评分减分值 [(10 8± 4 1)分 ]均分别呈正相关 (r =0 4 8,P <0 0 1;r=0 6 0 ,P <0 0 0 1)。结论 患者组治疗前pHVA可部分反映精神分裂症症状 (尤其是阳性症状 )的严重程度 ,基础 pHVA含量及治疗前后pHVA水平的变化与利培酮治疗阳性症状的疗效相关。  相似文献   

11.
Neuronal migration disorders are the result of disturbed brain development. In such disorders, neurons are abnormally located. In diagnosing these conditions, magnetic resonance imaging is superior to any other imaging technique. This enables us to improve our knowledge of the clinical correlates of neuronal migration. With reference to migrational disorder, a retrospective study of all 303 patients with epileptic seizures referred for magnetic resonance imaging during a 3-year period was performed, 13 patients (aged 12-41, mean age 27) were identified. They represent 4.3% of the entire study group. Of the patients with known epilepsy, 6.7% and of the mentally retarded, 13.7% had migrational disorders. Four patients had schizencephaly as the dominant finding, one was classified as hemimegalencephaly, 2 had isolated heterotopias, and 6 had localized pachy- and/or poly-microgyria. The clinical pictures are complex. Ectopias of grey matter are recognised foci of epilepsy, but from an epileptological and a clinical viewpoint little attention has been given to these disorders. The present study shows that malmigration is not rare in epilepsy patients, especially not in the mentally retarded.  相似文献   

12.
Diagnostic Difficulties and Treatment Implications   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Robert J. Gumnit 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S3):S9-S13
Summary: Differentiation between types of epileptic seizures has been aided in recent years by the introduction of intensive neurodiagnostic techniques and the development of increasingly detailed classification systems. Paradoxically, these developments have not simplified the task of matching the appropriate antiepileptic drug to a particular seizure type. It is reasonable to assume that anticonvulsant drugs will have different effects on different types of seizures, but faulty, circular reasoning can enter the picture if one also assumes that responses of seizures to different drugs signify different seizure types. There are several examples of differential diagnoses that can fall prey to this problem, including the diagnosis between partial seizures with secondary generalization and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the diagnosis between complex partial seizures and absence seizures with automatisms, among others. Considerations of etiology in future classification systems can further complicate the problem: should one then choose an anticonvulsant drug on the basis of individual seizure type or on the basis of the type of epilepsy? Ramifications of this issue extend even to the drug approval process. Official sanction is not given for use of a drug for a seizure type not included in the original efficacy studies, even if later scientific evidence shows that seizure type to be related to a type that is included. New trials must be undertaken. These problems arise from how we choose to classify seizures.  相似文献   

13.
Cognitive Dysfunction Associated with Antiepileptic Drug Therapy   总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2  
Eileen P.G. Vining 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S2):S18-S22
Summary: Epilepsy is frequently associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, the reasons for this correlation are unclear. Possible influential factors include patient age; duration, frequency, etiology, and type of seizures; hereditary factors; psychosocial issues; and antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Whereas many of these factors are beyond the physician's control, AED therapy is one element that can be addressed in treatment decisions by recognizing the potential cognitive effects of particular AEDs. For example, phenobarbital impairs memory and concentration; phenytoin affects attention, problem solving ability, and performance of visuomotor tasks. In contrast, carbamazepine may affect concentration, while valproate would appear to have minimal effects on cognition. Moreover, cognitive effects of AEDs are amplified with coadministration of multiple anticonvulsants (polytherapy). A review of studies on the cognitive effects of monotherapy with AEDs, as opposed to those of polytherapy, provides evidence that drug-related cognitive dysfunction can be reversed if patients are switched to a simpler therapeutic regimen. Future research should be directed toward developing reliable measures for assessing and monitoring cognition, and understanding the particular cognitive side effects of each AED. Physicians also need to revise their opinions about which side effects are "tolerable" for epileptic patients.  相似文献   

14.
B. J. Wilder 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S2):S1-S7
Summary: The long-standing practice of polypharmacy in treating epilepsy is giving way to use of monotherapy. Monotherapy can improve seizure control as well as reduce the risk of serious idiosyncratic reactions, dose-related side effects, and complex drug interactions. Monotherapy also offers improved compliance and cost-effectiveness. The basis of monotherapy is accurate diagnosis and assessment of the patient's seizure type(s), followed by selection of a single appropriate anticonvulsant drug. Many patients currently treated with multiple anticonvulsants can be successfully converted to monotherapy with a carefully monitored program in which troublesome and redundant drugs are gradually withdrawn from the therapeutic regimen.  相似文献   

15.
Hepatic Considerations in the Use of Antiepileptic Drugs   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1  
Summary: Virtually all of the major antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can cause hepatotoxicity, although fatal hepatic reactions are rare. The mechanisms, incidences, and risk profiles for such reactions differ from drug to drug. With carbamazepine and phenytoin, hepatotoxicity may be due to drug hypersensitivity. Although the profiles of patients at risk have not been well-defined for these two antiepileptic drugs, it would appear from reports in the literature that older adolescents and adults are at higher risk than children of developing serious or fatal hepatotoxicity. Once hepatotoxicity develops, mortality rates are 10–38% with phenytoin and 25% for carbamazepine. The risk profile for valproate fatal hepatotoxicity has been more clearly defined. Those at primary risk of fatal hepatic dysfunction are children under the age of 2 years who are receiving multiple anticonvulsants and also have significant medical problems in addition to severe epilepsy. The risk is considerably lower for patients over the age of 2 years on valproate monotherapy. In contrast to the risk profile with other AEDs, adults receiving valproate as monotherapy have the lowest risk of hepatotoxicity. Fatal hepatic dysfunction coincident with valproate may be the result of aberrant drug metabolism. Concomitant use of AEDs that induce microsomal P450 enzymes (e.g., phenytoin and phenobarbital) may enhance the production of a toxic metabolite, and hence the greater risk of hepatotoxicity with polypharmacy.  相似文献   

16.
Summary: Vascular malformations (VMs) are associated with epilepsy. The natural history of the various VMs, clinical presentation, and tendency to provoke epilepsy determine treatment strategies. Investigations have probed the mechanisms of epileptogenesis associated with these lesions. Electrophysiologic changes are associated with epileptogenic cortex adjacent to VMs. Putative pathophysiologic mechanisms of epileptogenesis include neuronal cell loss, glial proliferation and abnormal glial physiology, altered neurotransmitter levels, free radical formation, and aberrant second messenger physiology.  相似文献   

17.
Summary: Carbamazepine and phenytoin are drugs of choice in initial monotherapy for adult partial and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. These designations reflect the results of the Veterans Administration Epilepsy Cooperative Study Group of 1985. An earlier comparative study of carbamazepine and phenytoin by Ramsay and associates found both drugs equally effective in controlling new-onset seizures. Among the advantages of carbamazepine is that it causes relatively few cognitive and dysmorphic side effects. Its disadvantages are its unavailability in parenteral formulation and its metabolic autoinduction. The latter must be compensated for by planned dosage increases to maintain therapeutic plasma steady-state levels during the first 2 or 3 months of treatment. Carbamazepine is judged a drug of choice in the treatment of these secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the drug of choice in children, adolescents, and women susceptible to the dysmorphic side effects associated with other anticonvulsant agents.  相似文献   

18.
Summary: Four broad categories of basic phenomena are pertinent to developing ways to prevent epilepsy. These include mechanisms of epileptogenesis, ictal initiation and temporary entrainment by the seizure discharge of normally functioning brain, seizure propagation, and control mechanisms that function both to restrain the cascade of epileptic events culminating in a seizure and to arrest the epileptic event and restore the interictal state. In newborns and children, hypoxia-ischemia is a major factor leading to epileptogenesis, and several schemes are proposed to classify, quantify, and prevent hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Control mechanisms must be better understood in order to develop prophylactic recommendations for epilepsy, and an experimental model of "kindling antagonism" may increase our understanding of these. Programs of prevention of seizures in children will evolve only if basic researchers and clinicians work productively together to develop an adequate understanding of factors important in epileptogenesis and antiepileptogenic control mechanisms.  相似文献   

19.
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) encompasses all methods of non-invasive current application to the brain used in research and clinical practice. We present the first comprehensive and technical review, explaining the evolution of tES in both terminology and dosage over the past 100 years of research to present day. Current transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation (tPCS) approaches such as Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) descended from Electrosleep (ES) through Cranial Electro-stimulation Therapy (CET), Transcerebral Electrotherapy (TCET), and NeuroElectric Therapy (NET) while others like Transcutaneous Cranial Electrical Stimulation (TCES) descended from Electroanesthesia (EA) through Limoge, and Interferential Stimulation. Prior to a contemporary resurgence in interest, variations of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation were explored intermittently, including Polarizing current, Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS), and Transcranial Micropolarization. The development of these approaches alongside Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and pharmacological developments are considered. Both the roots and unique features of contemporary approaches such as transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) and transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS) are discussed. Trends and incremental developments in electrode montage and waveform spanning decades are presented leading to the present day. Commercial devices, seminal conferences, and regulatory decisions are noted. We conclude with six rules on how increasing medical and technological sophistication may now be leveraged for broader success and adoption of tES.  相似文献   

20.
Dextromethorphan: Cellular Effects Reducing Neuronal Hyperactivity   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
G. Trube  R. Netzer 《Epilepsia》1994,35(S5):S62-S67
Summary: Dextromethorphan is a dextrorotary morphinan without affinity for opioid receptors, commonly used as an antitussive medication. During the past 5 years, interest in the compound and its demethylated derivative, dextrorphan, has been revived because additional neuroprotective and an-tiepileptic properties were found in in vitro studies, animal experiments, and a few clinical cases. Both morphinans are able to inhibit N -methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels and voltage-operated calcium and sodium channels with different potencies. The inhibition of the NMDA receptor is believed to be the predominant mechanism of action responsible for the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties of the compounds.  相似文献   

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