磁共振弥散张量成像在脑血管病中的应用

磁共振弥散张量成像（DTI）是一种较新的成像技术，主要用于评估影响脑白质尤其是白质纤维束完整性的疾病，是当前惟一的一种能有效观察和追踪脑白质纤维束的非侵入性检查方法。该技术可定量分析病变组织和正常组织的弥散特征，直观显示颅内病变与白质纤维之间的关系，为诊断疾病和判断预后提供更多的信息。本文就DTI基本原理及其在脑血管病中的临床应用作一概述。     

Diffusion tensor MRI of Wallerian degeneration: a case report

Diffusion tensor imaging allows a 3D analysis of water molecular motion and an exploration of white matter tracts integrity and orientation. We report a diffusion tensor study of wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract following a capsulo-lenticular hemorrhage in a 49-year old man. Reduced anisotropy (loss of fiber coherence) with preserved diffusivity of the damaged corticospinal tract was observed. This highlights the feasibility of diffusion tensor imaging on clinical MR units and its ability to quantify the degree of white matter tract destruction.     

磁共振弥散张量成像对功能区脑肿瘤手术的参考价值

[目的]评价磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)对功能区脑肿瘤手术的指导意义和应用价值.[方法]对25例患者行头部DTI检查,立体显示肿瘤与脑白质纤维束的关系,术前评估,设计手术入路,对所有病例行显微外科肿瘤切除手术治疗.[结果]本组脑肿瘤中累及脑白质纤维束区域主要位于锥体束和内囊,其中脑白质纤维束破坏13例,移位12例.肿瘤全切除11例,次全切除14例,无手术死亡.术前存在脑白质纤维束受累所致的神经功能阳性体征者术后改善13例,无变化者10例,加重2例.[结论]DTI能够清晰显示脑肿瘤对白质纤维束的累及关系,对神经外科优化手术设计、决定手术切除范围和评估术后神经功能具有指导意义.     

Diffusion tensor imaging in brainstem tuberculoma

Integrity of descending white matter tracts can be evaluated by diffusion tensor imaging. In rim-enhancing intraparenchymal lesions, this technique can assist in the differentiation of demyelinating disease from tumor or abscess. Diffusion tensor imaging characteristics of tuberculoma have not been previously reported to our knowledge. A patient with headaches, dizziness, and mild left-sided weakness underwent MRI with diffusion tensor imaging. A large, rim-enhancing lesion within the pons was discovered, which subsequently was diagnosed as tuberculoma. Tractography maps prepared from diffusion tensor imaging data revealed predominantly displaced descending fiber tracts in the region of the rim-enhancing lesion. A few tracts adjacent to the lesion appeared truncated, and this abnormal finding correlated to the patient’s clinical deficit. The tractography characteristics of diffusion tensor imaging in this patient potentially are distinct from those seen with demyelinating lesions, which may show more extensive tract truncation. Together with the consonance of exam findings and tract truncation seen in this patient, tractography may prove useful in the diagnosis of suspected tuberculoma.     

成人视放射弥散张量纤维束示踪成像的临床应用研究

目的 常规的影像手段对视放射纤维束的成像、分析缺乏特异性,为了弥补常规影像检查的不足,应用弥散张量成像(DTI)和弥散张量纤维束示踪成像(DTT)研究成人视放射的各向异性程度和视放射纤维束的构象特征.方法 对20例正常视放射和24例视放射区域病变的患者进行MR常规及DTI序列检查,分别测量双侧视放射区的部分各向异性(F...     

Along‐tract statistics of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging diffusion metrics to enhance MR tractography quantitative analysis in healthy controls and in patients with brain tumors

Along‐tract statistics analysis enables the extraction of quantitative diffusion metrics along specific white matter fiber tracts. Besides quantitative metrics derived from classical diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), such as fractional anisotropy and diffusivities, new parameters reflecting the relative contribution of different diffusion compartments in the tissue can be estimated through advanced diffusion MRI methods as neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), leading to a more specific microstructural characterization. In this study, we extracted both DTI‐ and NODDI‐derived quantitative microstructural diffusion metrics along the most eloquent fiber tracts in 15 healthy subjects and in 22 patients with brain tumors. We obtained a robust intraprotocol reference database of normative along‐tract microstructural metrics, and their corresponding plots, from healthy fiber tracts. Each diffusion metric of individual patient''s fiber tract was then plotted and statistically compared to the normative profile of the corresponding metric from the healthy fiber tracts. NODDI‐derived metrics appeared to account for the pathological microstructural changes of the peritumoral tissue more accurately than DTI‐derived ones. This approach may be useful for future studies that may compare healthy subjects to patients diagnosed with other pathological conditions.     

弥散张量成像在颅脑病变周围水肿带内纤维显示局限性分析

目的探讨弥散张量成像（diffusion tensor imaging,DTI）在颅脑病变周围水肿带纤维显示的局限性。方法对21例脑瘤病人术前均行DTI扫描并以弥散张量纤维束成像（diffusion tensor tractography,DTT）重建颅脑病变周围水肿带纤维,比较所得结果与病人术前症状的符合程度。5例病人术后复查DTI,对比手术前后DTT与病人手术前后症状变化。结果 DTI能无创显示颅内神经纤维的三维走行,但在水肿带纤维显示方面存在一定局限性,主要表现为纤维显示缺失、断裂等,与临床症状不符。结论术前应用DTI技术指导神经外科手术时,应充分考虑到DTI在颅脑病变周围水肿带纤维显示的局限性。应寻求更先进的数据扫描和重建方法真实显现水肿带纤维,更好指导手术。     

锥体束示踪成像技术在经侧裂岛叶肿瘤切除术中的应用

目的利用锥体束示踪成像技术指导经侧裂岛叶肿瘤切除手术。方法对18例岛叶肿瘤患者行经外侧裂岛叶肿瘤切除手术,分别在术前和术后两次进行磁共振弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI),并应用白质纤维束示踪技术(fiber tracking)进行DTI原始影像数据后处理,得到锥体束示踪成像(tractography)。观察手术前后锥体束的形态、结构和空间位置的变化,通过测量其连续性、完整性以及空间位移以评估肿瘤占位效应及经侧裂岛叶肿瘤切除术对锥体束的影响。结果18例患者手术均行经侧裂岛叶肿瘤切除术,13例全切除,5例次全切除。手术前后均实现锥体束示踪成像,在锥体束示踪成像上可以精确测定有效锥体束条数。结论锥体束示踪成像可以清晰显示手术前后锥体束的形态、结构和空间位置及受肿瘤推移幅度,可用于指导经侧裂岛叶肿瘤手术的术前计划。     

白质纤维束示踪成像技术在高血压脑出血中的初步应用

目的探讨白质纤维束示踪成像技术在高血压脑出血中的临床应用价值。方法对我院8例急性期情况稳定的高血压脑出血患者进行磁共振弥散张量成像,应用日本东京大学的Volume-one1.72和Diffusion Ten-sor Visualizer(dTV)软件进行三维白质纤维束示踪成像,观察以内囊为主的白质纤维束的压迫、推移、破坏情况。结果8例患者均行磁共振弥散张量成像并行内囊白质纤维束示踪成像,可清楚看到内囊白质纤维束受血肿压迫、推移、破坏情况,由患侧内囊追踪到的相对纤维束条目数少于健侧内囊(P<0.005)。结论白质纤维束示踪成像技术可以清楚显示高血压脑出血后内囊白质纤维束的受累情况。