轻度认知功能障碍老年人和阿尔茨海默病患者听觉事件相关电位P300比较

目的探讨轻度认知功能障碍老年人(MCI)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)在事件相关电位(ERP)P300检测中的不同表现.方法收集符合ICD-10诊断标准的36例MCI患者和30例AD,并以45例健康老人作对照组(NC).使用美国仪器以及"听觉靶-非靶刺激序列"为诱发事件,完成P300检测.结果 (1)3组和NC组在靶潜伏期Fz脑区N2以及在靶波幅Fz脑区P2P3和非靶波幅Fz脑区P2上均有显著差异(P＜0.01).(2)AD主成分N2表现为延迟,与NC组和MCI组有极显著性差异(P＜0.01).(3)MCI组和AD组靶波幅P3和非靶波幅P2均见降低,与NC组比较也有显著性差异(P＜0.05～＜0.01).结论提示作为反映MCI和AD认知功能障碍的客观生理指标,P300有可能作为MCI和AD辅助诊断的一个脑电生理学标志.P300检查可作为老年精神科的必查项目.     

帕金森病认知功能障碍的事件相关电位P300及磁共振-弥散张量成像研究

目的探讨事件相关电位(ERPs) P300与磁共振-弥散张量成像(MR-DTI)联合检查在评价帕金森病认知功能障碍(PD-CI)患者的脑部损害及其在PD-CI早期诊断及临床病情评估中的价值。方法选择30例PD患者(PD组)和30例健康对照者(对照组)进行MoCA量表认知功能评定及P300潜伏期、波幅检测;对每例受试者进行MRDTI扫描,计算各感兴趣区(ROI)各向异性分数(FA),分析MoCA评分、P300电位P3潜伏期及波幅、FA值间的相关关系。结果 PD组MoCA量表得分较对照组显著降低(P0.05),存在PD-CI;PD组P300电位P3潜伏期较对照组显著延长(P0.05),两组P300波幅比较差异无显著性。PD组额叶、黑质FA值与对照组比较,差异有显著性(P0.05);两组颞叶、纹状体FA值比较差异无显著性。PD组MoCA量表得分与P300潜伏期呈负相关(P0.05)、与额叶平均FA值呈正相关(P0.05)。PD组P300潜伏期与额叶平均FA值呈负相关(P0.05)。结论 ERPs P300与MR-DTI联合检查可以检测出PD-CI患者可能存在的隐匿性脑损伤,分别从结构和电生理两方面为PD-CI早期诊断提供客观指标;额叶认知功能下降与ERPs P300异常和FA值降低相关。     

焦虑症和抑郁症患者认知电位P300的比较

目的 探讨焦虑症(AD)和抑郁症(CD)在事件相关电位(ERP)P300检测中的不同表现.方法 收集37例AD患者和32例CD患者以及36例健康成人对照组(NC).使用美国仪器以及"听觉靶-非靶刺激序列"为诱发事件,完成P300检测.结果 (1)AD组、CD组和NC组在靶潜伏期Pz脑区P3以及在靶波幅Pz脑区P2、P3和非靶波幅Pz脑区P2上均有显著差异(P＜0.01).(2)AD主成分P3表现为延迟,与NC组和CD组有极显著性差异(P＜0.01).(3)AD组和CD组靶波幅P3和非靶波幅P2均见降低,与NC组比较也有显著性差异(P＜0.05～＜0.01).结论 提示作为反映AD和CD认知功能障碍的客观生理指标,P300有可能作为AD和CD辅助诊断的一个脑电生理学标志.P300检查可作为成人精神科的必查项目.     

事件相关电位与精神分裂症疗效的相关性

目的:研究事件相关电位(ERPs)与精神分裂症疗效的相关性. 方法:对16例以阴性症状为主(阴性组),19例以阳性症状为主(阳性组),21例以其他精神分裂症为主(混合组)的患者和15名正常人(对照组)进行ERPs失匹配负波(MMN)及P300的测查.测查前3组患者均给予利醅酮治疗8周,于治疗前和治疗8周分别进行阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定. 结果:3组患者MMN和P300的波幅均低于对照组(P均<0.05),阳性组中左侧颢叶(T3)点、阴性组中额叶点(Fz)点MMN的波幅较其他点下降更为明显;3组中仅阴性组的MMN和P300潜伏期较对照组明显延长(P<0.05).阳性组中T3点及阴性组中Fz点MMN的波幅与PANSS减分率呈显著正相关(r=0.48、0.56,P<0.05);阴性组各点MMN的潜伏期与PANSS减分率呈显著负相关(r=-0.45、-0.56、-0.53、-0.54;P均<0.05),Fz点P300潜伏期与PANSS减分率呈明显负相关(r=-0.52,P<0.05),提示MMN的波幅越小,潜伏期越长,疗效越差;反之亦然. 结论:ERPs对某些精神分裂症的疗效具有一定的预测作用.     

脑干听觉反应在轻度认知功能障碍老年人和阿尔茨海默病中的应用

目的探讨轻度认知功能障碍老年人(MCI)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)在脑干听觉反应(ABR)检测中的特点,为早期痴呆的诊断提供帮助.方法应用美国Nicolet Bravo脑电生理仪及Click短声刺激,测查36例MCI和30例阿尔茨海默病(AD)和45名健康老人(NC)的ABR.结果 MCI组、AD组及NC组在绝对潜伏期波Ⅲ(Pz脑区),绝对波幅波Ⅲ(Pz脑区),波V(Pz脑区)上有差异极显著性(P＜0.01).与NC组和MCI组相比,绝对潜伏期波Ⅲ(Pz脑区)上,AD组延迟于NC组和MCI组(P＜0.01).波幅分析所见,绝对波幅波Ⅲ(Pz脑区)和绝对波幅波V(Pz脑区)AD组低于NC组和MCI组.MCI组与NC组比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 ABR对临床辅助诊断AD和MCI有参考价值.     

具有暴力行为的精神分裂症患者病情缓解阶段事件相关电位N270的变化

目的 初步分析事件相关电位N270在具有暴力行为精神分裂症患者病情缓解阶段中的变化特点.方法 采用颜色匹配和冲突的图片刺激对随机呈现给受试者.应用美国EGI 256导联高密度脑电仪器记录24例具有暴力行为精神分裂症患者(患者组)和25名年龄、性别匹配的健康对照(对照组)在颜色匹配和冲突图片刺激下的事件相关电位,并收集受试者在判断每对刺激的颜色是否匹配时所作出相应按键反应的正确率和反应时.结果 (1)无论在颜色匹配还是颜色冲突时,患者组和对照组正确率的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),患者组的反应时长于对照组[匹配:患者组(774.17±231.25)ms,对照组(642.28±185.56)ms,t=2.206,P=0.032;冲突:患者组(835.35±246.79)ms,对照组(681.19±207.87)ms,t=2.369,P=0.022].患者组和对照组在颜色冲突状态下的反应时均长于颜色匹配状态的反应时(P＜0.05).(2)与对照组相比,患者组在F3、F4、C3、C4、Fz、Cz脑区的N270潜伏期延长(P＜0.05),波幅降低(P＜0.05).(3)与对照组相比,患者组在F3、F4、C3、Fz、Cz脑区的N270差异曲线的波幅降低(P＜0.05),F3、F4、C3、C4、Fz、Cz脑区的潜伏期延长(P＜0.05).结论 具有暴力行为精神分裂症患者在病情缓解阶段对冲突信息的加工过程存在损害,可用N270来监测和评价.     

前额叶损伤患者的视-空间工作记忆改变

目的 探讨前额叶不同亚区损伤患者的视-空间工作记忆障碍.方法 将20例前额叶不同亚区损伤患者以及20名与其人口学资料相匹配的健康人作为被试,采用视觉面孔和视觉空间的延迟匹配任务对上述2组进行视-空间工作记忆测试.结果 与健康对照组(72.9%±6.1%)相比,前额叶腹侧(ventral prefrontal cortex,VPFC)损伤的患者视觉客体工作记忆的正确率(46.4%±11.4%)明显下降,差异有统计学意义(U=1.00,P<0.01);而前额叶背外侧(dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,DLPFC)损伤的患者在视觉客体(50.4%±15.1%)和视觉空间(72.6%±18.6%)工作记忆均有明显损伤,与对照组(72.9%±6.1%、89.4%±10.1%)比较差异均有统计学意义(U=-20.5、59.5,均P<0.01).对左、右前额叶损伤的2组患者进行分析,结果表明2组患者在视觉客体和空间工作记忆正确率的比较差异均无统计学意义.对前额叶亚区进行左右侧比较,2组VPFC患者在视觉客体和视觉空间工作记忆差异均无统计学意义;左侧DLPFC损伤组和右侧DLPFC损伤组在视觉客体工作记忆正确率和视觉面孔工作记忆正确率方面,差异均无统计学意义.结论 前额叶是工作记忆加工的重要脑区,其不仅参与了视觉客体的工作记忆加工过程,同时参与了视觉空间的工作记忆加工,而且对于前额叶不同亚区在视-空间工作记忆加工过程中还存在分离.     

老年慢性精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默病的认知电位P300比较

目的探讨老年慢性精神分裂症(SCS)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者的认知电位(CP)P300的特点。方法对38例SCS患者、32例AD患者及40例健康老人对照组(NC)进行P300检测。结果 SCS组、AD组和NC组在靶潜伏期(Oz脑区N2)、靶波幅(Oz脑区P3)、非靶波幅(Oz脑区P2)上均有显著差异(P<0.01)。AD组表现为主成分N2延迟,与NC组和SCS组有极显著差异(P<0.01)。SCS组和AD组的靶波幅P3和非靶波幅P2均见降低,与NC组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论作为反映认知功能障碍的客观生理指标,P300有可能作为SCS和AD辅助诊断的一个脑电生理学标志。     

新一代事件相关电位认知功能评定和监测系统的实验方法建立——脑干听觉反应的临床应用

目的探讨抑郁症患者和精神分裂症患者的脑干听觉反应(ABR)的特点。方法应用NTS-2000型ERP仪及Click短声刺激,测查43例抑郁症(抑郁症组)、43例精神分裂症(精神分裂症组)和50名健康成人对照(对照组)的ABR。结果抑郁症组、精神分裂症组及对照组在绝对潜伏期波Ⅴ(Pz脑区)、绝对波幅波Ⅲ(Pz脑区)、波Ⅴ(Pz脑区)上的差异有显著统计学意义(P均<0.01)。与对照组和抑郁症组相比,精神分裂症组的绝对潜伏期波Ⅴ(Pz脑区)显著延迟(P均<0.01),绝对波幅波Ⅲ(Pz脑区)和绝对波幅波Ⅴ(Pz脑区)亦显著降低。结论 ABR对临床鉴别抑郁症和精神分裂症有参考价值。     

神经性厌食患者反应抑制功能事件相关电位的研究

目的:探讨神经性厌食(AN)患者与正常人在反应抑制功能事件相关电位(ERP)上的差异。方法:对27例未用药的AN患者(AN组)及年龄、性别、受教育年限相匹配的30名正常人(正常对照组)进行基于信号停止任务的ERP测试,通过重复测量方差分析比较两组人群在不同任务难度和不同脑区导联下由停止信号诱发的脑电成分的差异。结果:在不同导联、不同抑制任务难度的条件下,两组P3波幅存在组间差异:AN组P3波幅低于正常对照组(F=4.942,P=0.013);P3潜伏期中组别和任务难度存在交互作用(F=3.109,P=0.049)。在高难度的抑制任务时,正常对照组P3潜伏期明显缩短,而AN组P3潜伏期则持续延长;N2波幅和潜伏期在不同导联、不同抑制任务难度的条件下差异均无统计学意义。结论:AN患者在处理反应抑制任务上与正常人群存在不同的大脑信号加工过程;反应抑制功能过度可能是AN的特征性神经认知内表型。     

Abnormal P300 in a case of delusional misidentification with coinciding Capgras and Frégoli symptoms

The Delusional Misidentification Syndrome (DMS) is thought to be related to dissociation between recognition and identification processes. Working memory (WM) is considered responsible for the integration and online manipulation of information, so that it is available for further processing. Since the P300 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) is considered as an index of the on-line updating of WM, the present study is focused on auditory P300 elicited during a WM test in DMS, compared with that in healthy controls. ERPs, elicited during a WM test, in a case suffering from coinciding Capgras and Frégoli symptoms, were recorded. Peak amplitude and latency of the averaged P300 waveforms, as well as memory performance of this case, were compared to the patterns obtained from healthy controls. In relation to normal controls, the patient exhibited significantly attenuated amplitude of P300 at the F4, P3 and Pz abductions. The patient also showed significantly prolonged latencies of P300 at all abductions used. These findings suggest that DMS may be accompanied by WM dysfunction affecting brain regions outside the prefrontal cortex, as well as within, and by diffuse failure to allocate attention resources to a stimulus, as they are reflected by P300 amplitudes and latencies respectively. Additionally, it may be suggested that techniques designed to explore cognitive operations, such as recording of ERPs, and more specifically P300, during WM tasks, could provide further insights into the relationship between neural functioning and the cognitive deficits in DMS.     

Psychophysiological evidence for altered information processing in delusional misidentification syndromes

Recent research provides evidence that delusional misidentification syndromes (DMS) are associated with cognitive deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms of these deficits are not known. Since the P300 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) is related to fundamental aspects of working memory (WM), the present study is focused on P300 elicited during a WM test in DMS patients, as compared to those of healthy controls. Nine patients with DMS and 11 healthy controls, matched for age, sex and educational level were tested with a computerized version of the digit span test of the Wechsler batteries. Auditory ERPs were measured during the anticipatory period of the test. DMS patients showed significant reductions in P300 amplitude at the right frontal region compared to healthy controls. P300 latency in the central midline brain region was significantly prolonged in the DMS group. Each of these measures classified correctly 90% of the two groups. Moreover, the memory performance of the patient group was significantly lower, relatively to healthy controls. These findings provide evidence supporting the suggestion that DMS is associated with psychophysiological alterations occurring at the right frontal region, which mediates automatic processes, as well as with an irregular allocation of attentional resources, involving the interhemispheric circuitry, possibly due to gray matter degeneration. Finally, present work points to a need for further research investigating the characteristics, causes, course and treatment of severe cognitive deficits associated with DMS.     

Computerized training of working memory in children with ADHD--a randomized, controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: Deficits in executive functioning, including working memory (WM) deficits, have been suggested to be important in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). During 2002 to 2003, the authors conducted a multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind trial to investigate the effect of improving WM by computerized, systematic practice of WM tasks. METHOD: Included in the trial were 53 children with ADHD (9 girls; 15 of 53 inattentive subtype), aged 7 to 12 years, without stimulant medication. The compliance criterion (>20 days of training) was met by 44 subjects, 42 of whom were also evaluated at follow-up 3 months later. Participants were randomly assigned to use either the treatment computer program for training WM or a comparison program. The main outcome measure was the span-board task, a visuospatial WM task that was not part of the training program. RESULTS: For the span-board task, there was a significant treatment effect both post-intervention and at follow-up. In addition, there were significant effects for secondary outcome tasks measuring verbal WM, response inhibition, and complex reasoning. Parent ratings showed significant reduction in symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, both post-intervention and at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that WM can be improved by training in children with ADHD. This training also improved response inhibition and reasoning and resulted in a reduction of the parent-rated inattentive symptoms of ADHD.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者失匹配性负波电位的影响

目的 探讨阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者失匹配性负波电位(MMN)的影响.方法 随机选自18～65岁符合DSM-精神分裂症标准患者30例作为研究组,30例健康人作为对照组.研究组于阿立哌唑治疗前、4,8周后予MMN检测,同时予PANSS评定病情严重程度.对照组入组时预MMN检测.观察MMN波幅、潜伏期的变化.结果 研究组在治疗4,8周后PANSS量表分低于基线水平(均P＜0.05).研究组频率偏离MMN波幅及持续时间偏离MMN波幅均低于对照组(均P＜0.05).将MMN型与治疗时间层面作为组间因素的重复测量的方差分析显示,研究组频率偏离MMN与持续时间偏离MMN两组波幅间交互作用不显著;治疗时间层面间存在显著效应.治疗8周后MMN波幅比基线水平、治疗4周后明显升高(均P＜0.05).结论 精神分裂症患者存在认知功能损害,MMN提供了阿立哌唑能够改善精神分裂症认知功能的证据.     

Abnormal P600 in heroin addicts with prolonged abstinence elicited during a working memory test.

The P600 component of event-related potentials, believed to be generated by anterior cingulate gyrus and basal ganglia, is considered as an index of aspects of second-pass parsing processes of information processing, having much in common with working memory (WM) systems. Moreover, dysfunction of these brain structures as well as WM deficits have been implicated in the pathophysiology of opioid addicts. The present study is focused on P600 elicited during a WM test in twenty heroin addicts with prolonged abstinence compared with an equal number of healthy controls. The results showed significantly prolonged latencies at right hemisphere, specifically at Fp2 abduction. Moreover, memory performance of patients did not differ from that of normal controls. These findings may indicate that abstinent heroin addicts manifest abnormal aspects of second-pass parsing processes as are reflected by the P600 latencies, elicited during a WM test. Additionally, the P600 might serve as a valuable investigative tool for a more comprehensive understanding of the neurobiological substrate of drug abuse.     

Cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder revealed by event-related potential N270.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder that is often accompanied by the impairment of cognitive functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of N270 as an index for evaluating the cognitive impairment in MDD patients. Twenty-five patients with MDD diagnosed according to DSM-IV and 25 age matched normal controls performed a matching task while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from their scalp. There were two kinds of stimulus pairs in this study: match condition, the second stimulus (S2) in a pair was identical to the first one (S1); mismatch condition, S2 conflicted with S1 in the color attribute. Subjects were required to press a button in the match condition and to press another button in the mismatch condition. A negative ERP component, N270, which was considered to reflect conflict processing activity in human brain, was evoked by S2 of the mismatch condition. The patient group showed a delayed and smaller N270 than the control group. The prolongation of its peak latency was significant at P3 and P4 electrodes, and the reduction of its peak amplitude was significant at F3, F4, P3 and P4 electrodes. The amplitude of P300 elicited in the match condition was decreased in the patient group at P3 and P4 electrodes, but its latency did not differ from the control group. The results indicate that MDD patients as a group showed cognitive decline. N270 is a sensitive index in revealing cognitive impairment.     

Psychophysiological differences in schizophrenics with and without delusional misidentification syndromes: a P300 study

There is a debate on whether delusional misidentification syndromes (DMSs) and schizophrenia are distinct disorders. Information-processing deficits have been found in both. Since the P300 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) reflects attention and working memory (WM) mechanisms, the P300 elicited during a WM test was studied in schizophrenic patients with DMS in comparison to schizophrenic patients without DMS and controls. Nine schizophrenic patients with DMS, 11 without DMS and 11 healthy controls were tested with a computerized version of the digit span test of the Wechsler batteries. Auditory ERPs were measured during the anticipatory period of the test. P300 amplitude in prefrontal areas was found to be significantly reduced in schizophrenics without DMS and markedly less in DMS patients compared to controls. P300 latency in the central midline brain region was significantly prolonged in DMS patients compared to the other groups. Memory performance was significantly reduced in both patient groups as compared to healthy controls. The results may indicate abnormalities in both allocation of attentional resources and automatic orienting in schizophrenic patients with DSM. In contrast, even though schizophrenic patients without DMS exhibit partial similarities with patients suffering from DMS, they show excessive reduction of P300 amplitude located at the left frontal area. Future studies might clarify these issues.     

综合认知训练对社区健康老人认知功能的影响

目的 探索综合认知训练对社区健康老人认知功能的影响.方法 对上海市某街道社区老人(年龄≥70岁),按照每50人一组进行筛查,共筛查347名.151名老人符合入组标准,按类随机方式分为认知训练干预组(90名)和非认知训练组(对照组,61名).对干预组进行12周(共24次)的综合认知训练.干预前后采用中国老年成套神经心理测验(NTBE)、Stroop字色干扰测验中文版及自制健康问卷对两组进行测评.结果 (1)干预前:干预组NTBE中听觉词汇学习1重复数、无关插入数及语义联系3项评分高于对照组(P<0.05～0.01),其他测验两组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).(2)干预后组内比较:干预组NTBE18项、Stroop字色干扰测验6项自身有提高(P≤0.05～0.01).对照组NTBE 9项提高,1项下降;Stroop字色干扰测验1项自身有提高,2项下降(P≤0.05～0.01).(3)干预后组间比较:干预组NTBE 4项、Stroop字色干扰测验2项优于对照组(P≤0.05～0.01).结论 综合认知训练对社区健康老人执行功能、推理能力等认知功能有提高作用.     

No tDCS augmented working memory training benefit in undergraduates rewarded with course credit

BackgroundThe goal of working memory (WM) training is to expand capacity of this executive function. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) paired with WM training is more consistent than either alone. We have reported that tDCS targeting frontal and/or parietal regions enhanced theta phase locking, reduced alpha power, and strengthened theta-gamma phase amplitude coupling.ObjectiveTo determine whether tDCS to frontal or parietal sites optimized WM training gains we pre-registered a tDCS-WM training study.Methods80 undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of four anodal tDCS montages: frontal (F4), parietal (P4), alternating (P4–F4), and sham (P4 or F4). Participants completed 5-training sessions over one week and returned for follow-up testing after 30 days of no-contact.ResultsNo group showed significant improvement in trained or transfer task performance at the end of training nor at follow-up.ConclusionsThis null finding marks a failure to replicate in undergraduates training benefits observed in graduate students. We argue that motivation is essential to elicit improved performance in training protocols.     

认知矫正治疗慢性精神分裂症患者认知功能缺陷的随机对照研究

目的 探讨认知矫正治疗(CRT)和计算机认知矫正治疗(CCRT)对精神分裂症患者认知缺陷的疗效.方法 180例慢性期病情稳定的精神分裂症患者随机分成3组,CCRT组、CRT组和工娱治疗(WAT)组.CCRT组108例,治疗以自主开发的计算机认知矫正治疗系统为工具,每周4次,每次45 min,持续3个月;CRT组36例,以Ann Delahunty和Rodney Morice等制定的神经认知矫正手册(汉化)为治疗工具,在治疗师的指导下进行认知矫正治疗;WAT组36例,接受相同时间的工娱治疗.3组在治疗频度和治疗持续时间上完全一致.治疗前后及治疗结束后第3个月分别进行临床症状和认知功能评定,内容包括阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、精神分裂症认知功能成套测验(MCCB)、威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST).结果 治疗结束后及随访第3个月时,CCRT组和CRT组在改善WCST完成分类数、连线测验、空间广度方面显著优于WAT组(P均＜0.05);CCRT组在空间广度方面明显优于CRT组(P＜0.05),CRT组在符号编码方面则优于CCRT组(P＜0.05);3组的临床症状在治疗结束及随访阶段无明显变化.结论 CCRT和CRT均能显著改善慢性精神分裂症患者的认知功能,主要表现在记忆、执行功能、精神运动速度方面;CCRT在空间记忆方面较CRT有优势,CRT在精神运动方面较CCRT有优势,CCRT和CRT在执行功能、记忆、精神运动速度等方面的疗效能持续3个月.