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<正>反精神病学(anti-psychiatry)思潮和运动是20世纪精神病学史上一个重要事件,也是西方新社会运动的重要组成部分。批评精神病学(critical psychiatry)是西方精神病学学术观点较为偏颇的一个流派。这两者均对主流精神病学提出许多批评或反对意见,并对精神病学的发展起了一定促进作用。本文将对批评精神病学和反精神病学进行简介,并予以比较。  相似文献   

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近年来,随着医学事业的发展,新的治疗方法引起精神病学方面的问题已受到人们极大关注,其中以肾脏移植与精神病学的关系更显突出。肾脏移植的对象是慢性肾功能不全或尿毒症的患者,大部分人已长期地接受血液透析疗法,该期间多数患者出现过精  相似文献   

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<正> 神经科学的历史悠久而波折,哲学和宗教主导了近两千年的启蒙阶段,19世纪后开始了快速的医学化和专业化进程,分化形成了神经病学和精神病学两个不同的医学专科,分别以脑"器质性"和"功能性"疾病为研究对象,具有各自相对独立的疾病分类体系,两者理论基础、研究方法歧见颇大。由于对精神本质的认识不同,精神病学在上世纪初期进一步分化为基于神经病理学的生物精神病学和以精神动力学为代表的诸多社会心理精神病学流派,逐步  相似文献   

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目的 了解现今医学生对精神科的态度及其与精神科职业选择的关系。方法 对233名临床医学系四年级学生进行问卷调查。结果 多数医学生对精神病学有正性的态度,43.8%的学生愿意从事精神科职业。愿意与不愿意从事精神科职业的医学生在态度问卷的6个条目上存在显著差异。结论 当今医学生对精神病学仍存在不良认知,需引起医学教育的重视。  相似文献   

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司法精神病学鉴定,笔者认为应包含二个方面的问题,一是司法精神病学鉴定中的专业问题,属技术层面;另一是司法精神病学鉴定中的法律问题,主要是法学层面的.从事司法精神病学鉴定的人员大多为精神科医师,法学知识相对薄弱,因此有必要对这一问题进行讨论.  相似文献   

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黄颐 《四川精神卫生》2015,28(5):385-386
<正>随着经济社会的发展,我国精神病学有了长足进步,从事相关科学研究的学者越来越多,获得了丰硕的研究成果。作为精神病学重要分支的儿童精神病学近年来也有了显著发展。有关儿童心理卫生的研究主要围绕三大主题:一是儿童心理健康现况研究;二是儿童心理健康的影响因素及干预措施;三是针对特定疾病的研究。本文旨在对我国儿童心理研究现状做回顾和梳理,探讨存在的问题,为今后的研究提供参考。1我国儿童心理研究现状  相似文献   

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《四川精神卫生》2012,(1):37-37
第九届西部精神医学论坛预定于二零一二年七月在四川省成都市召开,本次会议由西部精神医学协会主办。会议征文内容:板块一:精神病学1、精神疾病治疗新技术;2、精神病院的管理及相关法律问题;3、精神病患者的康复和回归;4、司法精神病学的理论和实践;5、精神病学教学法研究;6、精神科合理用药。  相似文献   

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随着信息时代的到来,如何开发和利用Internet上丰富的精神病学资源对精神病学工作者来说十分重要。Internet上尤以精神病学杂志内容最为吸引人,也最有参考价值。为了方便精神病学工作者快捷查阅精神病学杂志文献,作者收集、整理和编写了一个“Internet精神病学杂志文献搜索引擎”,仅供参考。更希望同行们在使用中发现问题,提出宝贵意见。1 收集范围  相似文献   

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1、司法精神病学的概念司法精神病学是精神病学的一个部分,属于应用精神病学。简言之。就是研究将精神病学的技术和知识应用于法律程序的科学。有些精神病学者认为司法精神病学的职能应不限于司法程序,而应涉及立法基础。按照国家情况的不同,每个国家的精神病学或立法方面都有不同的内容。在司法精  相似文献   

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第八届世界精神病学大会   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
由世界精神病学协会(World psychia-tric Assoc WPA)组织召开的第八届世界精神病学大会于1939年10月12日至19日在希腊雅典举行。代表来自世界各地共七千余人;我国代表为北京陈学诗、沈渔村,与上海蔡国钧三人。大会在“精神病学的今天:  相似文献   

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A number of cross-sectional population studies have shown that a strong sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with various aspects of good perceived health. The association does not seem to be entirely attributable to underlying associations of SOC with other variables, such as age or level of education. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study reported here was to determine whether SOC predicted subjective state of health. METHODS: The study was carried out as a two-way panel mail survey of 1976 individuals with 4 years interval for two collections of data. The statistical method used was multivariate cumulative logistic modeling. Age, initial subjective state of health, initial occupational training level, and initial degree of social integration were included as potential explanatory variables. RESULTS: A strong SOC predicted good health in women and men. CONCLUSIONS: SOC can be interpreted as an autonomous internal resource contributing to a favorable development of subjective state of health. SOC data should, however, be regarded as complementary to and not a substitute for information already known to be associated with increased risk of future ill health.  相似文献   

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Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.  相似文献   

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Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.  相似文献   

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Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005  相似文献   

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After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.  相似文献   

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