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1.
脑脓肿的MRI诊断和立体定向手术治疗   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的 探讨核磁共振(MRI)弥散加权成像(DWI)与表观弥散系数(ADC)值在脑炎病理变化全过程中的诊断价值,进一步评价立体定向脓液抽吸及引流术在脑脓肿治疗中的作用.方法 利用脑炎在核磁共振DWI及ADC值上的表现,对14例23个脓肿灶的磁共振表现进行分析.共行立体定向引导脓肿穿刺及引流手术20例:脓肿穿刺14例,脓肿腔穿刺引流6例.结果 脑脓肿不同期的MRI DWI表现和ADC值有明显不同.20例手术均获得成功,术后头颅CT或MRI复查显示脓肿腔消失.所有病人在随访期内(4个月至3年,平均14个月)未见脓肿复发.结论 脑炎各个时期有其不同的MRI表现,DWI及ADC值已成为脑炎各期诊断的一个重要诊断依据.立体定向脑脓肿穿刺抽吸和引流手术应为脑脓肿的首选外科手段.  相似文献   

2.
立体定向穿刺引流治疗深部多发性脑脓肿   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的采用采用立体定向穿刺引流治疗探部及多发性脑脓肿.方法使用颅表定位器,对31例深行部及多发性脑脓肿立体定向穿刺引流术,术后持续冲洗引流3~14天,常规应用敏感肮生素.结果本组31例,共38个脓肿,均一次穿刺成功,经冲洗引流后,2例因脓肿腔不闭合而行手术治疗.余经CT复查证明脓腔消失,随访至今未见脓腔复发.结论多发性脑脓肿及小型的深部脑脓肿,直接手术有一定的困难,尤其是脓肿位于脑重要的功能区,手术风险更大.CT引导下立体定向穿刺引流治疗脑脓肿,以其操作方便,定位准确,损伤小,疗效可靠而显示其明显的优越性,特别是对儿童及年老体弱者  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨立体定向辅助下神经内镜手术治疗多房性脑脓肿临床可行性。方法对我科2006年11月至2010年10月多房性脑脓肿14例,采用立体定向辅助下神经内镜手术治疗回顾分析。结果均一次穿刺成功,手术后脓腔消失,经随访8个月至3年,13例脓肿壁完全消失,术后1例复发。结论认为立体定向辅助下神经内镜手术治疗多房性脑脓肿具有定位准确、安全、创伤小等优点,此方法操作可行,疗效理想。  相似文献   

4.
目的 探讨立体定向穿刺引流术联合抗生素综合性治疗多发脑脓肿的效果。方法 回顾性分析2018年4月至2020年10月收治的5例多发性脑脓肿的临床资料。急性脑炎期应给予广谱、足量抗感染治疗;脓肿包膜形成时,采取立体定向穿刺引流术,术后采用高通量测序技术检测病原菌,并根据结果调整抗生素。结果 5例中,3例进行两次引流术,2例进行单次引流术。术后高通量测序技术明确致病菌,经充足疗程的抗感染治疗,脓肿灶逐步消失,未发生脑疝,全部治愈出院。术后6个月随访,除1例遗留肢体轻瘫外,其余4例无肢体活动障碍。结论 对于多发性脑脓肿,尽早明确诊断、选择合理的治疗方式是提高脑脓肿治疗效果的关键;高通量测序技术为抗生素调整提供依据,并对感染源治疗有指导作用;立体定向穿刺引流术可以缩短疗程,减少抗生素应用时间,提高治疗效果。  相似文献   

5.
目的通过对立体定向术治疗多发性脑脓肿的回顾性分析,总结手术经验。方法应用Leksell-G型定向仪,行MRI引导下立体定向穿刺 术中抗生素冲洗术,设计最佳手术入路,行多发脓肿穿刺,术后常规应用抗生素治疗2周。结果11例多发脑脓肿患者,共30个脓肿,均一次穿刺成功,经抽吸冲洗后复查脓腔消失。抗生素治疗2周后,经随访全部病例治愈。结论立体定向术具有定位准确、安全、创伤小等优点,适用于多发性脑脓肿及脓肿部位较深或位于语言、运动中枢等主要功能部位,或由于年老体弱或其他严重疾病不能耐受开颅手术者。  相似文献   

6.
立体定向手术治疗颅内囊性病变   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的 探讨立体定向手术治疗颅内囊性病变的手术方法 、有效性及优点. 方法 回顾性分析北京军区总医院神经外科自2002年12月至2009年11月采用立体定向手术治疗的29例颅内囊性病变患者(病灶37个)的临床资料,其中颅咽管瘤11例,胶质瘤5例,转移瘤3例,脑脓肿10例.18例肿瘤患者行Ommaya囊置入及32P内放疗[32内放疗剂量根据囊性病变体积,平均为800 μCi(500~1500 μCi)],1例单纯抽液后外放疗;10例脑脓肿患者置管引流8例,穿刺冲洗2例.结果 本组无手术出血及死亡患者.患者随访1~60月,平均10.6月,4例因无法联系而失访.11例颅咽管瘤患者(病灶11个)经32P内放疗症状稳定无复发.8例其他肿瘤患者(病灶12个)中有5例控制症状5~48月,3例无效(转移瘤2例,胶质母细胞瘤1例).10例脑脓肿患者(病灶14个)经穿刺引流症状消失治愈.2例颅咽管瘤患者32P内放疗后出现一过性尿崩、低热及呕吐. 结论 立体定向手术对于脑脓肿、囊性颅咽管瘤、体积不大的深部胶质瘤及转移瘤而言,较传统开颅手术具有明显的优势,但对体积较大、难于短期控制瘤液分泌的囊性转移瘤效果不佳.  相似文献   

7.
目的 探讨立体定向穿刺引流术治疗脑深部脓肿的效果。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2019年12月立体定向穿刺引流术治疗的7例脑深部脓肿的临床资料。结果 6例为单发脓肿,1例为多房性脓肿;脓肿位于中脑1例,丘脑1例,基底节区1例,颞叶深部2例,额顶叶深部2例。术后5例脓肿消失,意识恢复清醒;1例虽意识恢复清醒,但最终因延髓炎症造成呼吸、心跳骤停死亡;1例颞部深部脓肿为多房性脓肿,单次穿刺引流不全后进一步开颅手术,最终治愈。结论 立体定向穿刺引流术定位准确、安全、创伤小,是一种治疗脑深部脓肿有效方法,尤其单个脑深部脓肿。  相似文献   

8.
立体定向穿刺引流治疗脑脓肿4例报告陈少军,丁学华,张光霁我院近几年运用立体定向穿刺抽吸治疗千例脑浓肿病人,获得成功。随访6月至3年无复发。现报告如下:例1:男,50岁,工人。因头痛、右侧肢体无力2月入院。既往体健。体格检查:体温37.5℃,神清,精神...  相似文献   

9.
目的 总结脑脓肿手术治疗的经验。方法 回顾性分析2004年4月至2017年11月收治的9例脑脓肿的临床资料。2例行脓肿切除术;7例行脓肿穿刺引流术,术后脓腔注射抗生素。根据脓液培养结果或经验抗炎治疗。结果 9例均恢复良好;复查CT至脑水肿明显消退后出院。1例出院即失访,余8例均随访3个月;脓肿无复发,CT示局部无水肿或轻度脑水肿。结论 脑脓肿经切除或穿刺引流均可获得良好疗效。  相似文献   

10.
立体定向微创手术治疗颅内病变及其临床疗效的评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 评价立体定向技术治疗脑脓肿和高血压性脑出血的疗效。方法 采用立体定向技术,置管引流治疗脑脓肿8例,高血压性脑出血18例。结果 8例脑脓肿患者,经CT复查显示颅内脓液均抽净,脓肿腔闭合;随访5个月,治愈7例(87.5%),另有1例(12.5%)再行开颅手术,无死亡病例。18例高血压性脑出血患者,术后再出血2例(11.1%),死亡1例(5.6%),1例出血状况较轻微,经保守治疗好转。其余16例患者,住院14~30d,出院时经CT复查显示颅内血肿均基本清除。结论 立体定向技术在治疗脑脓肿和高血压性脑出血的手术中,具有良好的应用前景,其定位准确,疗效明显,对患者的创伤较小,容易恢复。  相似文献   

11.
Neuronal migration disorders are the result of disturbed brain development. In such disorders, neurons are abnormally located. In diagnosing these conditions, magnetic resonance imaging is superior to any other imaging technique. This enables us to improve our knowledge of the clinical correlates of neuronal migration. With reference to migrational disorder, a retrospective study of all 303 patients with epileptic seizures referred for magnetic resonance imaging during a 3-year period was performed, 13 patients (aged 12-41, mean age 27) were identified. They represent 4.3% of the entire study group. Of the patients with known epilepsy, 6.7% and of the mentally retarded, 13.7% had migrational disorders. Four patients had schizencephaly as the dominant finding, one was classified as hemimegalencephaly, 2 had isolated heterotopias, and 6 had localized pachy- and/or poly-microgyria. The clinical pictures are complex. Ectopias of grey matter are recognised foci of epilepsy, but from an epileptological and a clinical viewpoint little attention has been given to these disorders. The present study shows that malmigration is not rare in epilepsy patients, especially not in the mentally retarded.  相似文献   

12.
Diagnostic Difficulties and Treatment Implications   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Robert J. Gumnit 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S3):S9-S13
Summary: Differentiation between types of epileptic seizures has been aided in recent years by the introduction of intensive neurodiagnostic techniques and the development of increasingly detailed classification systems. Paradoxically, these developments have not simplified the task of matching the appropriate antiepileptic drug to a particular seizure type. It is reasonable to assume that anticonvulsant drugs will have different effects on different types of seizures, but faulty, circular reasoning can enter the picture if one also assumes that responses of seizures to different drugs signify different seizure types. There are several examples of differential diagnoses that can fall prey to this problem, including the diagnosis between partial seizures with secondary generalization and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the diagnosis between complex partial seizures and absence seizures with automatisms, among others. Considerations of etiology in future classification systems can further complicate the problem: should one then choose an anticonvulsant drug on the basis of individual seizure type or on the basis of the type of epilepsy? Ramifications of this issue extend even to the drug approval process. Official sanction is not given for use of a drug for a seizure type not included in the original efficacy studies, even if later scientific evidence shows that seizure type to be related to a type that is included. New trials must be undertaken. These problems arise from how we choose to classify seizures.  相似文献   

13.
Cognitive Dysfunction Associated with Antiepileptic Drug Therapy   总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2  
Eileen P.G. Vining 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S2):S18-S22
Summary: Epilepsy is frequently associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, the reasons for this correlation are unclear. Possible influential factors include patient age; duration, frequency, etiology, and type of seizures; hereditary factors; psychosocial issues; and antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Whereas many of these factors are beyond the physician's control, AED therapy is one element that can be addressed in treatment decisions by recognizing the potential cognitive effects of particular AEDs. For example, phenobarbital impairs memory and concentration; phenytoin affects attention, problem solving ability, and performance of visuomotor tasks. In contrast, carbamazepine may affect concentration, while valproate would appear to have minimal effects on cognition. Moreover, cognitive effects of AEDs are amplified with coadministration of multiple anticonvulsants (polytherapy). A review of studies on the cognitive effects of monotherapy with AEDs, as opposed to those of polytherapy, provides evidence that drug-related cognitive dysfunction can be reversed if patients are switched to a simpler therapeutic regimen. Future research should be directed toward developing reliable measures for assessing and monitoring cognition, and understanding the particular cognitive side effects of each AED. Physicians also need to revise their opinions about which side effects are "tolerable" for epileptic patients.  相似文献   

14.
B. J. Wilder 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S2):S1-S7
Summary: The long-standing practice of polypharmacy in treating epilepsy is giving way to use of monotherapy. Monotherapy can improve seizure control as well as reduce the risk of serious idiosyncratic reactions, dose-related side effects, and complex drug interactions. Monotherapy also offers improved compliance and cost-effectiveness. The basis of monotherapy is accurate diagnosis and assessment of the patient's seizure type(s), followed by selection of a single appropriate anticonvulsant drug. Many patients currently treated with multiple anticonvulsants can be successfully converted to monotherapy with a carefully monitored program in which troublesome and redundant drugs are gradually withdrawn from the therapeutic regimen.  相似文献   

15.
Summary: Carbamazepine and phenytoin are drugs of choice in initial monotherapy for adult partial and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. These designations reflect the results of the Veterans Administration Epilepsy Cooperative Study Group of 1985. An earlier comparative study of carbamazepine and phenytoin by Ramsay and associates found both drugs equally effective in controlling new-onset seizures. Among the advantages of carbamazepine is that it causes relatively few cognitive and dysmorphic side effects. Its disadvantages are its unavailability in parenteral formulation and its metabolic autoinduction. The latter must be compensated for by planned dosage increases to maintain therapeutic plasma steady-state levels during the first 2 or 3 months of treatment. Carbamazepine is judged a drug of choice in the treatment of these secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the drug of choice in children, adolescents, and women susceptible to the dysmorphic side effects associated with other anticonvulsant agents.  相似文献   

16.
Summary: Four broad categories of basic phenomena are pertinent to developing ways to prevent epilepsy. These include mechanisms of epileptogenesis, ictal initiation and temporary entrainment by the seizure discharge of normally functioning brain, seizure propagation, and control mechanisms that function both to restrain the cascade of epileptic events culminating in a seizure and to arrest the epileptic event and restore the interictal state. In newborns and children, hypoxia-ischemia is a major factor leading to epileptogenesis, and several schemes are proposed to classify, quantify, and prevent hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Control mechanisms must be better understood in order to develop prophylactic recommendations for epilepsy, and an experimental model of "kindling antagonism" may increase our understanding of these. Programs of prevention of seizures in children will evolve only if basic researchers and clinicians work productively together to develop an adequate understanding of factors important in epileptogenesis and antiepileptogenic control mechanisms.  相似文献   

17.
Hepatic Considerations in the Use of Antiepileptic Drugs   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1  
Summary: Virtually all of the major antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can cause hepatotoxicity, although fatal hepatic reactions are rare. The mechanisms, incidences, and risk profiles for such reactions differ from drug to drug. With carbamazepine and phenytoin, hepatotoxicity may be due to drug hypersensitivity. Although the profiles of patients at risk have not been well-defined for these two antiepileptic drugs, it would appear from reports in the literature that older adolescents and adults are at higher risk than children of developing serious or fatal hepatotoxicity. Once hepatotoxicity develops, mortality rates are 10–38% with phenytoin and 25% for carbamazepine. The risk profile for valproate fatal hepatotoxicity has been more clearly defined. Those at primary risk of fatal hepatic dysfunction are children under the age of 2 years who are receiving multiple anticonvulsants and also have significant medical problems in addition to severe epilepsy. The risk is considerably lower for patients over the age of 2 years on valproate monotherapy. In contrast to the risk profile with other AEDs, adults receiving valproate as monotherapy have the lowest risk of hepatotoxicity. Fatal hepatic dysfunction coincident with valproate may be the result of aberrant drug metabolism. Concomitant use of AEDs that induce microsomal P450 enzymes (e.g., phenytoin and phenobarbital) may enhance the production of a toxic metabolite, and hence the greater risk of hepatotoxicity with polypharmacy.  相似文献   

18.
Summary: Vascular malformations (VMs) are associated with epilepsy. The natural history of the various VMs, clinical presentation, and tendency to provoke epilepsy determine treatment strategies. Investigations have probed the mechanisms of epileptogenesis associated with these lesions. Electrophysiologic changes are associated with epileptogenic cortex adjacent to VMs. Putative pathophysiologic mechanisms of epileptogenesis include neuronal cell loss, glial proliferation and abnormal glial physiology, altered neurotransmitter levels, free radical formation, and aberrant second messenger physiology.  相似文献   

19.
Dextromethorphan: Cellular Effects Reducing Neuronal Hyperactivity   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
G. Trube  R. Netzer 《Epilepsia》1994,35(S5):S62-S67
Summary: Dextromethorphan is a dextrorotary morphinan without affinity for opioid receptors, commonly used as an antitussive medication. During the past 5 years, interest in the compound and its demethylated derivative, dextrorphan, has been revived because additional neuroprotective and an-tiepileptic properties were found in in vitro studies, animal experiments, and a few clinical cases. Both morphinans are able to inhibit N -methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels and voltage-operated calcium and sodium channels with different potencies. The inhibition of the NMDA receptor is believed to be the predominant mechanism of action responsible for the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties of the compounds.  相似文献   

20.
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) encompasses all methods of non-invasive current application to the brain used in research and clinical practice. We present the first comprehensive and technical review, explaining the evolution of tES in both terminology and dosage over the past 100 years of research to present day. Current transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation (tPCS) approaches such as Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) descended from Electrosleep (ES) through Cranial Electro-stimulation Therapy (CET), Transcerebral Electrotherapy (TCET), and NeuroElectric Therapy (NET) while others like Transcutaneous Cranial Electrical Stimulation (TCES) descended from Electroanesthesia (EA) through Limoge, and Interferential Stimulation. Prior to a contemporary resurgence in interest, variations of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation were explored intermittently, including Polarizing current, Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS), and Transcranial Micropolarization. The development of these approaches alongside Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and pharmacological developments are considered. Both the roots and unique features of contemporary approaches such as transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) and transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS) are discussed. Trends and incremental developments in electrode montage and waveform spanning decades are presented leading to the present day. Commercial devices, seminal conferences, and regulatory decisions are noted. We conclude with six rules on how increasing medical and technological sophistication may now be leveraged for broader success and adoption of tES.  相似文献   

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