不典型脑膜瘤的CT诊断与临床

目的　探讨不典型脑膜瘤的CT表现 ,提高脑膜瘤CT诊断的准确性。方法　对 3 2例经手术病理证实的不典型脑膜瘤的CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果　脑膜瘤CT难于诊断的主要原因是由于CT表现不典型及病变部位的影响。不典型CT表现为肿瘤密度混杂有低密度区 ,且无明显强化 ,或呈环形强化或有壁结节的强化。结论　确定瘤体位于脑外是提高不典型脑膜瘤CT诊断准确性的关键。     

非典型性脑膜瘤与良性脑膜瘤MRI征象的对比分析

目的 对比分析非典型性脑膜瘤与良性脑膜瘤的MRI征象特点,提高对非典型性脑膜瘤的认识。方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的37例非典型性脑膜瘤与288例良性脑膜瘤的MRI征象。结果 非典型性脑膜瘤直径>6.5 cm比例、肿瘤呈分叶型比例、瘤脑界面不清晰比例、重度瘤周水肿比例、邻近骨质改变比例均明显高于良性脑膜瘤（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,肿瘤较大及瘤脑界面不清晰为非典型性脑膜瘤的可能性显著增加,肿瘤大小每增加1.5 cm,非典型性脑膜瘤的概率是良性脑膜瘤的1.507倍,瘤脑界面不清晰为非典型性脑膜瘤的概率是良性脑膜瘤的2.605倍。结论 肿瘤大小及瘤脑界面对于非典型性脑膜瘤与良性脑膜瘤的鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

颅内血管外皮细胞瘤与脑膜瘤的CT、MRI鉴别诊断

目的 研究颅内血管外皮细胞瘤(HPC)与脑膜瘤CT、MRI影像特征的差别.方法 经手术病理证实的HPC16例及脑膜瘤45例.术前均经MRI常规序列平扫、弥散加权(DWI)扫描、增强扫描及CT平扫.对两组肿瘤的CT、MRI表现指标进行统计学分析,统计学方法采用卡方检验.结果 在两者之间,肿瘤外形(x2=22.895)、瘤内坏死囊坏死信号(x2=15.959)、瘤内血管流空信号(x2=8.058)、肿瘤明显强化(x2=7.942)等因素差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);临近颅骨无增生(x2=4.821)及DWI等低信号(x2=5.272)等因素差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而脑膜尾征(x2=3.816)、瘤内钙化(x2=0.499)等因素差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 HPC与脑膜瘤的CT、MRI表现各有特点,通过征象对比分析,有助于提高两者的CT、MRI诊断水平,并为临床诊治提供帮助.     

骨性脑膜瘤1例

1 病历资料 女性，49岁；因头晕，礼物朦胧，行走摇摆1年余入院。体格检查未见阳性体征。头颅MRI示：右侧侧脑室体部后端团块状T1、T2低信号处，边缘轮廓不规则，内见不规则状的小片状稍高信号影，与脑脊液分界清楚；     

鞍结节脑膜瘤的磁共振成像诊断:59例报道

目的::探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤的磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)影像学特征及其诊断价值。方法::回顾性分析1995年1月—2015年12月经术后病理证实的59例鞍结节脑膜瘤患者的术前MRI影像学特征。结果::59例鞍结节脑膜瘤患者中,男性15例,女性44例。所有59例鞍结节脑膜瘤的基底均位于鞍结节或鞍隔的硬膜;MRI平扫T1加权像(weighted image,WI)均呈等信号或略低信号,T2WI均呈等信号或略高信号;57例鞍结节脑膜瘤的MRI增强扫描图像呈明显的均匀强化,2例呈不均匀强化;45例可见"脑膜尾征"。结论::MRI检查在鞍结节脑膜瘤的定位和定性诊断中显示出明显的优势,可以为手术方式的选择、肿瘤切除程度的评估以及手术风险的预测提供重要指导。     

脑膜瘤MRI与病理对照研究

目的 探讨脑膜瘤ＭＲＩ征象与病理关系。方法 ４１例脑膜瘤的ＭＲＩ特征与手术病理对照分析。结果 不同组织亚型脑膜瘤Ｔ１ＷＩ及Ｔ２ＷＩ信号强度均无显差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。４１例中有完整包膜２５例,而７例包膜明显不完整同时伴瘤脑界面不清;１６例肿瘤血管丰富瘤周水肿多较明显;２４例显示硬膜“尾”征,其中１８例有肿瘤细胞浸润。结论 脑膜瘤的ＭＲＩ征象同理亚型无明显相关性。     

脑膜瘤形状与其复发关系的探讨

目的：根据临床放射学特点辨别易复发的脑膜瘤，以便在术前选择更适当的手术方式，减少肿瘤的复妇，方法：根据CT和（或）MRI表现，对206例脑膜瘤的肿瘤形状分类，了解肿瘤形状与复发的关系。结果：“磨菇状”和“分叶状”脑膜瘤复发率明显高于“圆形”脑膜瘤，而且复发间隔时间也较“圆形”脑膜瘤短（P＜0．01）。结论：“磨菇状”和“分叶状”脑膜瘤的手术应尽可能扩大切除与肿瘤邻近的脑膜和颅骨，减少肿瘤复发机会。     

天幕脑膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 进一步提高天幕脑膜瘤的治疗效果。方法1989—2003年经显微外科治疗天幕脑膜瘤患53例，其中普通型天幕脑膜瘤42例(后外侧型32例、后内侧型10例)；天幕游离缘脑膜瘤11例(前外侧型3例、后内侧型8例)。普通型天幕脑膜瘤经颢枕或枕部入路9例，枕下正中入路6例，单侧枕下入路24例，幕上下联合入路3例；天幕游离缘脑膜瘤经枕-天幕入路7例，幕下小脑上入路2例，改良翼点入路2例。结果 肿瘤全切除43例，次全切除7例，大部分切除3例；无一例手术死亡。手术后并发症主要有视野障碍(5例)、脑神经损害(7例)、偏瘫(3例)、癫痫发作(2例)、颅内感染(4例)以及手术区远隔部位硬膜外血肿(3例)，均经对症治疗后痊愈。47例患接受为期7个月-8年的随访，其中恢复正常生活学习25例，改换工作11例，生活完全自理7例，部分自理4例。结论 天幕脑膜瘤的临床表现多不典型，诊断主要依靠CT和MRI。显微手术是治疗该病的最佳方法。根据肿瘤的特点，选择适当的手术入路，合理地使用辅助器械以及熟练的手术技巧，可有效地提高天幕脑膜瘤的治疗效果。     

囊性脑膜瘤19例诊治分析

目的 对囊性脑膜瘤的临床特点、影像学表现及其成因进行探讨研究.方法 回顾性分析19例颅内囊性脑膜瘤的临床表现、影像学特征及手术经验.结果 囊性脑膜瘤多位于大脑凸面,多数表现为实性肿块伴大小不等的囊样区,其实质部分明显强化.少数表现为囊性,囊内见实质结节,结节明显强化,而囊壁有或无强化.19例患者肿瘤全切除17例,次全切除2例,无手术死亡.结论 囊性脑膜瘤有特殊的影像学表现, CT和MRI在诊断中具有重要价值.手术应在不损伤神经功能区的前提下全切除肿瘤及囊壁以防止复发.     

肿瘤样炎性脱髓鞘病的CT、MRI表现与临床

目的 探讨貌似肿瘤的中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘病的临床与影像学特点,分析误诊原因,并归纳诊断及鉴别诊断要点。方法 对14例经术后病理检查确诊中的中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘病患者的临床资料、影像学改变进行分析。结果 中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘病CT或MRI检查可以出现水肿及占位效应,增强后可以有环形强化,很难与中枢神经系统肿瘤相鉴别。本组14例患者术前均误诊为中枢神经系统肿瘤。结论 中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘病CT或MRI可以有肿瘤样的非典型性表面,不易鉴别,容易造成误诊。应结合临床表现、病程、实验室检查及影像学特征多方面进行鉴别诊断。     

A rare case of infantile meningioma

This paper reports the use of ultrasound and computed tomography in combination to diagnose a case of meningioma in a 3-month-old infant, and also describes the treatment.     

A case of neck ectopic meningioma

Primary extra cranial and extra spinal meningioma is rare and is usually limited to the head and neck region or to the paravertebral soft tissues. Histologic diagnosis (in particular for fresh specimens) is often difficult. A 16‐year‐old girl with a cervical mass is presented. It was a relatively large mass with an approximate diameter of 5 cm. It was diagnosed in fine needle aspiration as a pleomorphic adenoma. Intra‐operative diagnosis was paraganglioma and frozen section suggested an infiltrative tumor. Histologically, the lesion showed uniform spindle cell proliferation separated by hyalinized collagen bundles. The cells were often arranged in sweeping fascicles and concentrically wrapped in tight whorls. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin, while showing no reaction for cytokeratin, chromogranin, neuron‐specific enolase and thyroglobulin. A diagnosis of ectopic meningioma was established based on microscopic appearance and immunohistochemical profile of the tumor. Despite its rarity, ectopic meningioma should be considered in differential diagnosis of any mass lesion in head and neck regions, containing spindle cells.     

Granular cell meningioma. A case report

We describe a granular cell tumour developing in clear cell meningioma of the falx. Granular and clear cells showed immunoreactivity for vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen and progesterone receptors. This is the first case documenting arachnoid origin of neoplastic granular cells in meningioma.     

A case of cystic meningioma mimicking an astrocytoma

Summary In a 25-year-old woman, suddenly complaining of irritation and soon after of paretic symptoms in the right upper limb, a CT scan showed a large cystic mass in the left parietal lobe. As cerebral angiography was not helpful, a cystic astrocytoma was suspected. After total surgical removal of the cyst, the histological examination revealed, to our surprise, a syncytial meningioma. The rare cases of similar cystic meningioma reported in the literature are reviewed and the usefulness of biopsy on every suspected cerebral neoplasm is stressed.

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Zusammenfassung Eine 25jährige Patientin klagte zunächst über Gereiztheit und wies bald eine Parese des rechten Armes auf. Die Computertomographie des Schädels zeigte einen großen zystischen raumfordernden Prozeß im linken Parietallappen. Eine Arteriographie erlaubte keine Präzisierung, und es wurde deshalb ein zystisches Astrozytom vermutet. Nach vollständiger chirurgischer Exstirpation der Zyste ergab die histologische Untersuchung den überraschenden Befund eines synzitialen Meningeoms. Es werden die seltenen zystischen Meningeome der Literatur diskutiert, und es wird betont, wie nützlich eine Biopsie bei jedem Hirntumor sein kann.

     

A case of falcotentorial meningioma with visual allesthesia]

Visual allesthesia, in which visual images are transposed from one homonymous half-field of visual field to another, is a rare phenomenon. Palinopsia is the persistence or recurrence of visual images after the exciting stimulus object has been removed. Some authors have reported these phenomena, but these pathophysiology has not been understood. We report a right-handed 63-year-old woman, with a right falcotentorial meningioma. She paroxysmally experienced illusory transpositions of objects viewed in the right homonymous visual field into the left, and she recognized her face in it. The illusory images were palinoptic, persisting for up to a few minutes after the real objects were no longer in view. Administration of anticonvulsant medications resulted in the decrease of frequency of this phenomenon. Radiological and surgical findings revealed that the tumor was compressing the very localized visual cortex, especially the Brodmann's area 18 and 19. After resection of the tumor, visual allesthesia and palinopsia completely disappeared. These areas are associated with memory and recognition of visual images as visuopsychic area. This case provides some insight into the mechanisms of this phenomenon, and we consider that it could be caused by seizure activity in this lesion.     

A case of metaplastic meningioma with extensive xanthomatous change

We report a case of metaplastic meningioma with extensive xanthomatous change occurring in a 61‐year‐old woman. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a well‐demarcated, dura‐based mass measuring 7 cm in maximal diameter in the right occipital to parietal area. Under a clinical diagnosis of meningioma, right parietal craniotomy was performed. Histologically, the tumor showed extensive xanthomatous change together with the common features of meningothelial meningioma. Tumor cells showed diffuse xanthomatous change in various quantities, and xanthomatous tumor cells frequently showed a gradual transition to the non‐xanthomatous counterpart. The xanthomatous tumor cells showed immunopositivity for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), vimentin, fatty acid synthase and several histiocytic markers (CD68, Ki‐M1p, MAC387, lysozyme, alpha 1‐antitrypsin and alpha 1‐antichymotrypsin). In addition, there was patchy infiltration of foamy macrophages. Since these histiocytes did not show immunopositivity for EMA, these cells were distinguished from the xanthomatous tumor cells. These two types of xanthomatous changes comprised approximately two‐thirds of the whole tumor tissue. Any atypical features such as necrosis, frequent mitotic figures or brain parenchymal invasion were not observed. We diagnosed this case as xanthomatous meningioma, WHO grade I.