脑卒中患者客观生活质量及其影响因素的研究

目的：探索脑卒中幸存者的客观生活质量及其影响因素。方法：采用横断面调查的方法对２０５例脑卒中幸存者及２１６例正常对照以ＦＡＩ、ＡＮＦＤ、ＳＤＳ及ＤＩＳ、ＳＡＳ、ＵＬＳ、ＳＳＲＳ、ＬＳＩＡ、ＬＳＩＢ、ＦＡＣＥＳＩＩ－ＣＶ、ＴＳＢＩＡ及ＴＳＢＩＢ、补充综合问卷等为工具进行客观生活质量及有关影响因素的研究。结果：发现脑卒中幸存者的ＦＡＩ明显低于对照人群,其主要影响因素依次为ＡＮＦＤ、ＳＳＲＳ、ＳＤＳ、Ｄ     

产科并发症和抽动秽语综合征

作者选择符合ＣＣＭＤⅡ抽动秽语综合征(Ｔｓ)诊断标准的,存在分娩期产科并发症(ＯＣ)的Ａ组、母孕期ＯＣ的Ｂ组及无ＯＣ的Ｃ组Ｔｓ各30例,经过半年的治疗并追踪结果,采用Ｄｉａｎｅ的Ｔｓ症状评分量表对3组患儿的发病年龄,治疗前后的症状评分进行对比分析。结果显示有ＯＣ的Ｔｓ患儿发病年龄要比无ＯＣ者早,且治疗前及治疗后的症状评分也要高于无ＯＣ患儿,说明存在ＯＣ的患儿临床症状要比无ＯＣ者重而治疗效果则相对要差。Ｔｓ的病因至今不明,国外很多学者认为ＯＣ作为儿童脑器质性损伤的主要原因是导致Ｔｓ发病的危险因素,特别是围产期损…     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓后不同部位出血转化的影响因素

目的分析急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓后不同部位出血转化的影响因素。方法回顾性分析我院于2010-03—2013-09接受静脉溶栓治疗的300例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,按溶栓治疗后2个疗程内行头颅CT检查,根据脑内有无出血性转化分为HT组及无HT组,根据出血部位的不同HT组分为深部位HT组和浅部位HT组。采用单因素和Logistic回归多因素分析静脉溶栓治疗后出血性转化的危险因素。结果经Logistic回归单因素分析可知,发病到治疗时间/既往糖尿病史、梗死面积大小、TOAST分型、入院时GCS评分与入院时NIHSS评分等均是影响急性缺血性脑卒中患者溶栓治疗后出血转化的影响因素;经Logistic回归多因素分析可知,入院时NIHSS评分是影响深部位缺血性脑卒中患者出血转化的最危险因素,其次是既往糖尿病史、心源性栓塞型等,入院时GCS评分影响最小;既往糖尿病史是影响浅部位缺血性脑卒中患着出血转化的最危险因素,其次是入院时NIHSS评分、心源性栓塞型等,入院时GCS评分影响最小。结论既往糖尿病史、入院时NIHSS评分、心源性栓塞型等均是影响深部位和浅部位缺血性脑卒中患着出血转化的独立性因素,为临床诊断治疗提供参考依据。     

脑血管病分类亚型与血脂关系的研究

目的：阐明血脂与脑血管病分类亚型的关系。方法：检测了２０８例脑血管病患者血清血脂７项指标含量。并与对照组５０例结果进行比较。ＴＧ、ＴＣ及ＨＤＬ－Ｃ采用酶法测定，ＡＰＯＡ－１、ＡＰＯＢ１００及ＬＰ（ａ）用免疫多点定标法测定，ＬＤＬ－Ｃ由ＴＧ、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ结果按公式计算。结果：脑梗塞（ＣＩ）患者ＴＧ、ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡＰＯ１００及ＬＰ（ａ）含量显著高于对照组，其ＴＧ、ＡＰＯＢ１００、含量也显著高于脑出血组，且ＬＰ（ａ）与ＡＰＯＢ１００，ＨＤＬ－Ｃ相关，复发ＣＩ亚组ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡＰＯＢ１００含量，首发及老年ＣＩ亚组ＴＧ、ＴＣ、ＡＰＯＢ１００含量显著高于对照组。结论：血清ＴＧ、ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡＰＯＢ１００及ＬＰ（ａ）水平升高是ＣＩ的危险因素，其中ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡＰＯＢ１００对复发ＣＩ危险性大，而首发及老年ＣＩ可能主要与ＴＧ、ＴＣ、ＡＰＯＢ１００有关     

脑血栓患者红细胞膜脂蛋白（a）改变的研究

对３０例脑血栓患者红细胞膜（ＲＢＣｍ）及血浆总胆固醇（Ｔ—ｃｈ）、脂蛋白（ａ）［ＬＰ（ａ）］进行了测定分析、同时还测定了镁离子（Ｍｇ２＋）、尿酸（ＵＡ）水平，并同５５名健康人作对照比较，结果显示：脑血栓患者ＲＢＣｍ和血浆Ｔ—ｃｈ、ＬＰ（ａ）均明显高于健康组（Ｐ＜０．００１），血浆Ｍｇ２＋明显低于健康组（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＵＡ明显高于健康组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。直线相关分析显示：ＲＢＣｍ脂蛋白（ａ）的改变与血浆Ｔ—ｃｈ无显著相关性，与血浆ＬＰ（ａ）有一定相关性，提示ＲＢＣｍ和血浆ＬＰ（ａ）增高是脑血栓患者的独立危险因素。     

急性脑梗死后出血转化的危险因素分析

目的 探讨急性脑梗死后出血转化的相关危险因素。方法 选取2016年12月-2017年12月入住本院的140例急性脑梗死患者,其中急性脑梗死后出现出血转化者70例,其余为无出血转化者70例,分析2组患者在入院时首次空腹血糖、总胆固醇、同型半胱氨酸、尿酸水平、高血压病病史、糖尿病病史、房颤病史、饮酒史及既往脑卒中病史的差异,先进行单因素分析,对差异有统计学意义的指标进一步行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 急性脑梗死后出血转化组患者在入院时首次空腹血糖水平、心房颤动病史、高血压病史的例数均高于非出血转化组(P<0.05),而非出血转化组中总胆固醇水平高于出血转化组(P<0.05),2组同型半胱氨酸、尿酸水平、糖尿病病史、饮酒史、既往脑卒中病史无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 急性脑梗死患者入院时高空腹血糖水平(>6.1 mmol/l)、房颤病史、高血压病史是急性脑梗死发生出血转化的独立危险因素,而总胆固醇(TC)是防止出血转化的一个保护因素。     

大剂量东菱克栓酶（DF—521）抗栓治疗急性脑梗塞临床观察

目的探讨东菱克栓酶（ＤＦ－５２１）大剂量与常规剂量溶栓疗效的差别。方法选择发病１２小时之内的急性脑梗塞患者１２例，应用ＤＦ－５２１溶栓，首剂２０ＢＵ，第２、３日各用１０ＢＵ静滴为治疗组，以病人年龄、病情、发病时间相似，及用此药常规推荐剂量（首剂１０ＢＵ、隔日５ＢＵ，共３次）的１２例患者作１：１配对研究。结果治疗组疗效明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）．结论大剂量ＤＦ－５２１治疗急性脑梗塞疗效显著，且能缩小梗塞灶体积，用药过程中未见出血等明显副作用     

心房颤动对急性缺血性脑卒中溶栓后出血转化的影响

目的研究心房颤动(简称房颤)对急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗后发生出血转化的影响。方法采用巢式病例对照研究,回顾性和非随机分析2014年1月至2018年4月西安交通大学第一附属医院卒中中心接受重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中(≤4. 5 h)患者211例,依据是否有房颤病史分为脑卒中合并房颤组(63例)和非房颤组(148例)。溶栓后复查头颅CT,观察有无出血转化发生。通过单因素卡方检验和Logistic回归分析研究房颤与急性缺血性脑卒中患者接受重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗后发生出血转化的关系。结果 211例患者中,发生出血转化33例,无出血转化178例。其中,急性缺血性脑卒中合并房颤组患者出血转化的发生率为30. 2%(19/63例),高于非房颤组(9. 5%,14/148例),组间比较P 0. 001。结论房颤可能是急性缺血性脑卒中患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓后发生出血转化的独立危险因素。     

椎基底动脉供血不足患者的脑干听觉诱发电位与经颅多普勒检查

目的：探讨椎基底动脉供血不足（ＶＢＩ）患者的脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）与经颅多普勒（ＴＣＤ）的相关性。方法：地５８例临床诊断ＶＢＩ眩晕的患者及３０例非ＶＢＩ眩晕的患者进行ＢＡＥＰ和ＴＣＤ检测。结果：ＶＢＩ组ＢＡＥＰ异常率为５９％,ＴＣＤ异常率为６１５,χ＾２检验差异无显著意义;非ＶＢＩ组ＢＡＥＰ异常率８％,ＴＣＤ异常率为４７％,χ＾２检验差异有显著意义。ＶＢＩ组ＢＡＥＰ及ＴＣＤ皆异常者为６４／１     

酚噻嗪类药的对血清载脂蛋白,脂蛋白含量的影响

目的 探讨长期（平均６年）接受酚噻嗪类药物治疗的慢性精神分裂患者血清载脂蛋白含一变化及其危险因素。方法 麦法及火箭免疫电泳法对１５１例精神分裂症患者和１００名健康人血清胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白－胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ０、载脂蛋白ＡⅠ、载脂蛋白Ｂ的水平进行了对比分析。结果 精神分裂症患者ａｐｏＡⅠ，ａｐｏＡＩ／ａｐｏＢ，ＨＤＬ－Ｃ含量均低于正常对照组，ＴＧ、ａｐｏＢ水平却高于正常对     

Hypercoagulability in acute stroke: prognostic significance

To evaluate the clinical significance of hemostatic abnormalities in acute stroke, we studied coagulation and platelet function in 70 patients with recent cerebral infarction or hemorrhage and in 45 age-matched controls. Higher levels of one-stage factor VIII coagulant activity, fibrinopeptide A (FPA), and beta-thromboglobulin were associated with the occurrence of stroke. All hemostatic test results were remarkably similar in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. FPA levels and size of the lesion on CT were the only variables independently predicting mortality in a multivariate regression analysis. Our findings demonstrate that hypercoagulability is an important prognostic factor in stroke and lend support to clinical trials of drugs interfering with the coagulation system in the early phase of cerebral ischemia.     

Impact of cystatin C levels on infarct size and hemorrhage volume in acute cerebral stroke

Studies have indicated that serum levels of cystatin C (a sensitive marker of renal function) are significantly associated with cerebral vascular events. However, the influence of cystatin C on infarct size and hemorrhage volume in acute cerebral stroke has not been well established. A total of 222 patients with cerebral infarction, and 69 patients with cerebral hemorrhage, as well as 122 healthy controls were included in this study. Patients were further divided into subgroups according to infarct size and hemorrhage volume. Serum levels of cystatin C were significantly higher in cerebral-stroke patients than healthy controls (p??0.05). Patients with larger infarcts or larger hemorrhage volumes had higher levels of cystatin C (p?相似文献   

卒中类型、卒中部位与卒中后癫痫的多因素关系

目的探讨卒中类型、卒中部位与卒中后癫痫的多因素关系,为卒中后癫痫的防治提供参考。方法以1804例卒中患者为研究对象,收集其性别、年龄、卒中类型、卒中部位、卒中后癫痫发生的时间等资料,根据卒中后是否发生癫痫,将患者分为卒中后无癫痫组(n=1487)和卒中后癫痫组(n=317),分析卒中后癫痫发作的危险因素。结果共317例卒中后癫痫发作患者,其中早发性癫痫141例(44.48%),迟发性癫痫176例(55.52%)。不同卒中部位及卒中类型的癫痫发病率为17.57%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,卒中部位中的顶叶合并蛛网膜下腔、额叶合并颞叶、额叶合并颞叶和枕叶、单一颞叶是卒中后发生癫痫的危险因素(P<0.01),其中单一颞叶是卒中后早发性癫痫的危险因素(P<0.01)。脑梗死患者常见早发性癫痫(23.66%),脑出血患者常见迟发性癫痫(47.95%)。结论卒中类型中的脑梗死、脑出血、蛛网膜下腔出血与卒中后癫痫有关;卒中部位中顶叶合并蛛网膜下腔、额叶合并颞叶、额叶合并颞叶和枕叶、单一颞叶与卒中后癫痫有关。     

Cerebrovascular complications of alcohol and sympathomimetic drug abuse

Alcohol abuse has been linked to intracranial hemorrhage, both intracerebral and subarachnoid. Some studies have found a dose-response relationship, so that increasing levels of abuse are associated with greater risk of hemorrhage. However, alcohol abuse has not been clearly linked to cerebral infarction, and some studies find that mild-to-moderate drinking appears to be associated with a decreased risk of cerebral infarction. Intravenous administration of drugs of abuse predisposes to endocarditis, which may lead to embolic stroke. Associations have been reported between various sympathomimetic drugs and cerebral infarction. A possible mechanism for cerebral infarction is focal arterial vasoconstriction and occasionally cerebral vasculitis. Associations have also been reported between various sympathomimetic drugs and intracranial hemorrhage. A likely mechanism for intracranial hemorrhage is acute arterial hypertension. With the exception of endocarditis, management of stroke related to drug abuse is largely supportive, with emphasis on supportive care to prevent stroke complications, physical and occupational therapy, and aggressive addiction rehabilitation.     

缺血性脑卒中合并脑微出血的相关危险因素分析及SWAN的临床检测价值

目的 探寻缺血性脑卒中患者合并脑微出血(CMBs)与相关危险因素的关系及SWAN序列的临床检测价值。方法 选取本院2013年4月～2015年4月连续收治常规MRI检查确诊的155例缺血性脑卒中患者,根据磁敏感加权成像上有无微出血灶分为CMBs组(76例)和无CMBs组(79例)。比较2组患者的年龄、性别、吸烟史、饮酒史等以及有无高血压病、糖尿病、高脂血症、脑出血等临床相关因素,并记录相关生化指标。对以上因素进行相关性分析,筛选出与CMBs相关的危险因素。记录各危险因素组常规MRI及SWAN序列对CMBs的检出例数。结果 155例缺血性脑卒中患者中有CMBs者76例(占49%),多发生于皮质-皮质下区(占36%); CMBs的发生与年龄、饮酒史、糖尿病及高超敏C反应蛋白水平有关; 多因素Logistic回归显示高血压病、高脂血症、脑白质疏松、脑出血及高纤维蛋白原、高同型半胱氨酸是其独立危险因素(P<0.05); SWAN序列对各危险因素组CMBs阳性检出率明显高于常规MRI序列(P<0.001)。结论 缺血性脑卒中患者伴有高血压病、高脂血症、脑白质疏松、脑出血及高纤维蛋白原、高同型半胱氨酸与CMBs发生密切相关; 对于缺血性脑卒中合并上述高危因素者,可考虑将SWAN列入常规MRI检查以筛查CMBs病灶和评价患者有无出血倾向。     

Different risk factors for different stroke subtypes: association of blood pressure, cholesterol, and antioxidants

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Blood pressure is an important risk factor for stroke, but the roles of serum total and HDL cholesterol, alpha-tocopherol, and beta-carotene are poorly established. We studied these factors in relation to stroke subtypes. METHODS: Male smokers (n=28 519) aged 50 to 69 years without a history of stroke participated in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, a controlled trial to test the effect of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on cancer. From 1985 to 1993, a total of 1057 men suffered from primary stroke: 85 had subarachnoid hemorrhage; 112, intracerebral hemorrhage; 807, cerebral infarction; and 53, unspecified stroke. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure > or = 160 mm Hg increased the risk of all stroke subtypes 2.5 to 4-fold. Serum total cholesterol was inversely associated with the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage, whereas the risk of cerebral infarction was raised at concentrations > or = 7.0 mmol/L. The risks of subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral infarction were lowered with serum HDL cholesterol levels > or = 0.85 mmol/L. Pretrial high serum alpha-tocopherol decreased the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage by half and cerebral infarction by one third, whereas high serum beta-carotene doubled the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage and decreased that of cerebral infarction by one fifth. CONCLUSIONS: The risk factor profiles of stroke subtypes differ, reflecting different etiopathology. Because reducing atherosclerotic diseases, including ischemic stroke, by lowering high serum cholesterol is one of the main targets in public health care, further studies are needed to distinguish subjects with risk of hemorrhagic stroke. The performance of antioxidants needs confirmation from clinical trials.     

常德市城区脑卒中患者预后因素分析

目的调查分析影响常德市城区40岁以上脑卒中患者预后的因素。方法制定统一调查表,由专门培训人员对常德城区40岁以上人群6095人进行脑卒中流行病学调查,并采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)对脑卒中患者的预后进行评定,分为预后良好组和预后不良两组。利用χ2/t检验进行单因素分析,Logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果社区调查发现628例脑卒中患者,其中预后良好者332例(52.87%),预后不良者296例(47.13%)。单因素分析显示,两组在年龄、文化水平、既往脑卒中史、吸烟史、血糖、卒中类型、脑出血按出血部位分型和血肿大小分型,缺血性脑卒中各亚型比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素分析显示预后不良与高龄、低文化程度、既往有脑卒中病史相关(P0.05)。结论年龄、文化水平、脑卒中病史、卒中类型是脑卒中患者预后不良的主要因素,因此要积极采取有效措施改善脑卒中患者预后。     

自发性脑出血血肿扩大的影响因素与预后分析

目的探讨自发性脑出血血肿扩大的影响因素，并分析其与预后的关系。 方法选取自2013年12月至2018年12月陕西中医药大学附属医院脑外科收治的670例自发性脑出血患者，根据72 h内复查CT的情况分为血肿扩大组（77例）和血肿稳定组（593例），记录2组患者的临床资料，分析血肿扩大的影响因素，出院后随访3个月，比较2组患者的预后。 结果670例患者中发生血肿扩大77例，发生率11.49%（77/670），其中预后不良45例，预后良好32例，血肿稳定组593例，其中预后不良261例，预后良好332例，2组患者预后不良率比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。单因素分析显示，血肿扩大组的活化部分凝血活酶时间、首次CT血肿体积、血肿形态、高血压病、卒中病史与血肿稳定组相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素分析显示，高血压病、卒中病史、血肿形态是自发性脑出血血肿扩大的独立危险因素（OR>1，P<0.05）。 结论自发性脑出血患者出现血肿扩大的独立危险因素包括高血压病、卒中病史、不规则血肿形态，血肿扩大可增加不良预后。     

Stroke registry in Malm?, Sweden.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A stroke registry covering the city of Malm?, Sweden (population 232,000) was started in January of 1989 to prospectively follow up stroke incidence, recurrence, and fatality rates. METHODS: Patients with presumed stroke were interviewed within 1 week after admission to the hospital, and their medical records were examined. Continuous validation against hospital diagnosis showed well over 90% of all stroke cases in Malm? to have been included. RESULTS: Incidence rates per 100,000 residents were 300 for all stroke events and 225 for first-ever stroke, lower than those reported from other studies. The distribution of stroke diagnostic categories was 3% subarachnoid hemorrhage, 10% intracerebral hemorrhage, 50% cerebral infarction, and 38% unspecified stroke. The diagnosis was based on computed tomography in 51% of first-ever stroke cases. Median age was 73.1 years for men and 79.7 years for women. Incidence rates for all stroke diagnostic categories except subarachnoid hemorrhage increased with age. Prior stroke, hypertension, smoking, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes mellitus were major risk factors for all stroke events. The presenting symptoms were hemiparesis in 74%, speech disorder in 49%, and clouded consciousness in 19% of the patients. The overall case-fatality rate at 30 days was 15%; the rate for intracerebral hemorrhage was 37% and that for cerebral infarction was 10%. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm the value of a stroke registry for stroke epidemiology purposes and as a tool for specific stroke research.     

Serum cystatin C and cerebral microbleeds in patients with acute cerebral stroke

Recent studies have shown that kidney dysfunction is associated with cerebral microbleeds (CMB). Cystatin C is a more useful measurement than creatinine-based estimating equations for evaluating kidney function. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between cystatin C levels and CMB in patients with acute cerebral stroke. This cross-sectional study included a total of 485 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 129 patients with cerebral hemorrhage. The serum levels of cystatin C were significantly higher in acute cerebral stroke patients with CMB than in those without (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that for each single standard deviation increase of cystatin C levels, there was a significant increase in the presence of CMB after adjusting for age and sex, and after additional adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, silent lacunar infarction, and white matter hyperintensity in patients with acute stroke. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) in patients with acute cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage were 2.92 (1.81–6.93) and 2.98 (1.76–6.97), respectively. The present study suggests that elevated levels of cystatin C are associated with the presence of CMB in acute stroke patients, independent of conventional risk factors.