热烈庆祝建国50周年——办好杂志迎接21世纪

值此举国欢腾热烈庆祝建国50周年之际,正是21世纪即将到来之时。《中华神经科杂志》是原《中华神经精神科杂志》。该刊于建国后不久（1955年）创刊（1996年分刊）。在将近45年的历程中,《中华神经科杂志》随着国家的发展而发展,随着神经精神科事业的发展而发展。《中华神经科杂志》在为人民服务中得到神经科同道们的关。心和支持,成为神经科同道的良师益友,并在医疗信息传递、学术交流、防病治病报道等方面起到了应有的作用。特别是80年代初改革开放以来,《中华神经科杂志》得到了迅速发展。以临床神经病理为例,在50－60年代是以尸检…     

国内重要神经病学类期刊2010-2014年帕金森病文献分布及现状分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)文献在国内5种神经病学类重点期刊的分布状况和研究现状。方法采用文献计量学方法,以万方医学数据库和中国知网数据库收录的2010-2014年国内5种神经病学类重点期刊,包括《中华神经科杂志》《中华神经医学杂志》《中华神经外科杂志》《中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志》《中国神经精神疾病杂志》所刊载的PD文献为资料来源,对文献年代分布、期刊分布、研究内容、作者情况、发文机构及地区等进行统计分析,并对PD的研究现状进行分析。结果 2010-2014年该5本期刊刊载PD相关文献共计221篇,以2014年发表文献数量最多(54篇,24.4%);以《中华神经科杂志》收录文献最多(88篇,39.8%);主要发文形式为论著(141篇,63.8%);按第一作者统计,发表文章最多的作者是上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院/神经病学研究所陈生弟和上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院万赢,均发表4篇(1.8%);发表文章最多的机构是上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院,发文19篇(8.6%);发文较多的省市依次为上海(51篇,23.1%)、北京(41篇,18.6%)、广东(34篇,15.4%);基金项目资助文章占58.4%(129篇)。研究内容主要集中在PD的临床治疗、病因学研究、早期诊断与评估、病理生理机制等方面,缺少临床康复与护理方面的研究。结论《中华神经科杂志》《中华神经医学杂志》《中华神经外科杂志》《中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志》《中国神经精神疾病杂志》是广大医务工作者获取国内PD文献的重要来源,期刊分布相对集中,作者、机构和地区分布较广,PD的治疗、早期诊断与评估、病因学研究及其相关因素分析在近5年内备受关注。     

国内神经病学核心期刊近11年重症肌无力文献分析

目的分析重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)文献在国内8种神经病学核心期刊近11年来分布状况和研究现状。方法采用文献计量学方法,以中国知网数据库和万方医学数据库收录的2005—2016年国内8种神经病学领域核心期刊,包括《中华神经科杂志》《中华神经医学杂志》《中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志》《中国神经精神疾病杂志》《国际脑血管病杂志》《临床神经病学杂志》《中风与神经疾病杂志》《中华老年心脑血管病杂志》所刊载的关于MG文献,对文献分布年代、期刊分布、作者情况、发文机构、文献类型、文献被引情况及研究现状进行分析。结果 2005—2016年该8种期刊刊载MG相关文献共计328篇,以2005年发表文献最多共计43篇(13.1%),其后文献数量基本呈平稳趋势;《中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志》收录文献最多共计147篇(44.8%);按第一作者统计,发文最多的作者为青岛大学医学院附属医院神经内科的李海峰,共发表论文8篇(2.4%);以第一作者发文单位统计,发文最多机构是青岛大学医学院附属医院,发文量23篇(7.0%);研究内容主要集中在MG的临床治疗、病因学研究、诊断与评估等方面,而临床康复与护理方面的研究缺少。结论《中华神经科杂志》《中华神经医学杂志》《中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志》《中国神经精神疾病杂志》等8种国内神经病学核心期刊是广大医务工作者获取国内MG文献的重要来源,期刊分布相对集中,作者、机构和地区分布较广,MG的治疗、发病机制、诊断研究在近11年内备受关注。     

与时俱进再创辉煌

中华神经科杂志 (原中华神经精神科杂志 )于1955年 3月创刊,至今已经 50周年,杂志真实地记录了我国神经病学发展的 50年。创刊早期, 即 20世纪 50和 60年代,本刊刊登稿件以临床应用为主,如临床病例分析、临床病理报告和其他学术交流等。至 80年代初改革开放以后,随着国内外     

中华神经科杂志1996-2004年发表论文前百名作者名录

中华神经科杂志(原名中华神经精神科杂志)从1955年3月创刊至今，已经是第五十个年头了。在这半个世纪的时间里，本刊取得了可喜的进步，成长为国内神经病学界公认的权威和主导期刊，始终以严谨的态度和敏锐的洞察力反映着我国神经科临床科研工作的最高水平，推动了我国神经科事业的发展和国内外神经病学界的学术交流。值此中华神经科杂志创刊50周年之际，我们总结了自1996年第1期至2004．     

2009年全国神经肌肉病高级讲授班及学术研讨会会议纪要

由中华医学会神经病学分会神经肌肉病学组、肌电图与临床神经电生理学组以及中华神经科杂志编辑部主办的2009年全国神经肌肉病高级讲授班及学术研讨会于2009年5月22-24日在厦门举行.     

2009年全国神经肌肉病高级讲授班及学术研讨会会议纪要

由中华医学会神经病学分会神经肌肉病学组、肌电图与临床神经电生理学组以及中华神经科杂志编辑部主办的2009年全国神经肌肉病高级讲授班及学术研讨会于2009年5月22-24日在厦门举行.     

关于多发性硬化研究的文献计量学分析

目的了解国内有关多发性硬化(MS)研究的文献分布状况。方法利用中国生物医学文献光盘数据库,用主题词检索出1995—2004年国内发表的有关MS研究论文,应用文献计量学的方法对其进行统计分析。结果检出论文1419篇,文献量呈逐年增长趋势。国内MS研究的科研力量主要分布在北京医院、解放军总医院、南京脑科医院、第二军医大学长征医院和哈尔滨医科大学第二临床医学院等。MS研究的重要期刊是《中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志》、《中华神经科杂志》、《国外医学神经病学神经外科学分册》、《临床神经病学杂志》、《脑与神经疾病杂志》、《中风与神经疾病杂志》等。结论应用文献计量学方法了解国内MS研究状况,可为临床、科研工作者提供有价值的参考。     

中华神经科杂志2002年重点号内容

中华神经科杂志2002年重点号内容 文献标识码：D 　　中华神经科杂志编辑委员会拟定2002年重点号内容：第一期运动障碍病;第二期癫痫、头痛;第三期周围神经病和肌病;第四期神经科现代诊断新技术、自主神经系统疾病;第五期脑血管病;第六期神经心理。欢迎大家积极投稿,最好在该期重点号前半年投稿。     

中华神经科杂志2001年重点号内容

中华神经科杂志编辑委员会拟定 2 0 0 1年重点号内容 :第一期 ,锥体外系疾病 ;第二期 :癫痫 ;第三期 :神经肌肉疾病 ;第四期 ,痴呆 ;第五期 ,脑血管病 ;第六期 :内科系统疾病的神经系统表现。中华神经科杂志2001年重点号内容     

视频脑电图在小儿癫痫诊断中的应用

目的评价视频脑电图(video-EEG)在小儿癫诊断中的应用价值。方法对126例具有发作性症状的患儿进行连续8h的包括清醒、睡眠、诱发试验及必要的认知测验的视频脑电图监测。结果经发作期视频脑电图证实,39例初诊为癫性发作的患儿中14例(35%)为非癫性发作;15例其他症状发作中13例(86%)为非癫性发作。64例样放电患儿中51例(80%)确定发作类型,22例(34%)确定癫类型。视频脑电图可发现短暂轻微的癫发作及样放电引起的一过性认知损伤。结论视频脑电图在排除非癫性发作、确定癫性发作的类型、评价脑电-临床关系方面可提供准确可靠的证据,进一步提高癫的临床诊断水平。     

Neuroprotective properties of memantine in different in vitro and in vivo models of excitotoxicity

The pathogenesis of stroke, trauma and chronic degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been linked to excitotoxic processes due to inappropriate stimulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R). Attempts to use potent competitive NMDA-R antagonists as neuroprotectants have shown serious side-effects in patients. As an alternative approach, we were interested in the anti-excitotoxic properties of memantine, a well-tolerated low affinity uncompetitive NMDA-R antagonist presently used as an anti-dementia agent. We explored in a series of models of increasing complexity, whether this voltage-dependent channel blocker had neuroprotective properties at clinically relevant concentrations. As expected, memantine protected neurons in organotypic hippocampal slices or dissociated cultures from direct NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. However, low concentrations of memantine were also effective in neuronal (cortical neurons and cerebellar granule cells) stress models dependent on endogenous glutamate stimulation and mitochondrial stress, i.e. exposure to hypoxia, the mitochondrial toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) or a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Furthermore, memantine reduced lethality and brain damage in vivo in a model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Finally, we investigated functional rescue (neuronal capacity to migrate along radial glia) by memantine in cerebellar microexplant cultures exposed to the indirect excitotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). Potent NMDA-R antagonists, such as (+)MK-801, are known to block neuronal migration in microexplant cultures. Interestingly, memantine significantly restored the number of neurons able to migrate out of the stressed microexplants. These findings suggest that inhibition of the NMDA-R by memantine is sufficient to block excitotoxicity, while still allowing some degree of signalling.     

Storage of lipofuscin in neurons in mucopolysaccharidosis

Summary A histochemical and ultrastructural study was made on the brain of a 23-year-old man with Sanfilippo's syndrome. In accordance with previous reports the cortical nerve cells contained a PAS-positive lipid storage substance. This showed intense autofluorescence in UV-light and was positive with various stains for lipofuscin. The storage material appeared ultrastructurally as inclusion bodies composed of short lamellated membranes, granular material, and vacuoles. In addition, concentrically and transversely lamellated membranous cytoplasmic bodies were observed in the nerve cells. It is concluded that the PAS-positive lipid storage material in the neurons was composed partly of lipofuscin in addition to other lipids presumably glycosphingolipids.Supported by a grant from the Expressen Prenatal Research Foundation     

自噬参与帕金森病发病的研究进展

近年来,蛋白质的降解障碍被认为是帕金森病（Parkinson’Sdisease,PD）发病过程中的重要因素,人们已经公认泛素一蛋白酶体系统（ubiquitin--pro—teasomesystem,UPS）功能异常或衰竭能够导致细胞内异常蛋白蓄积、细胞功能障碍,甚至细胞凋亡。与此同时,蛋白降解的另一条途径——自噬-溶酶体途径（autophagy—lysosomepathway,ALP）也已成为了生命科学领域的研究热点,自噬与神经变性疾病,尤其是PD的关系日益受到人们的重视。     

Role of vincristine in the inhibition of angiogenesis in glioblastoma

Objective: Vincristine, a microtubule-destabilizing drug, was found to exhibit anti-angiogenic effects and anti-tumoral activity. However, the precise mechanism by which vincristine inhibits angiogenesis in glioblastomas is not well understood. Our aim was to investigate whether vincristine affects vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in glioblastoma cells and determine whether it is mediated by the downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α).

Methods: We investigated the expression of HIF-1α in glioblastoma tissues resected from patients and in human glioblastoma cell lines using immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and immunocytochemistry. In addition to an MTT assay assessing the effect of vincristine on cell proliferation and viability, the effects of vincristine on VEGF mRNA expression and HIF-1α protein were examined using real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis under 1% O₂ (hypoxia).

Results: HIF-1α was expressed in the majority of glioblastoma tissues and was detected mainly in the nucleus. Strong immunoreactivity for HIF- 1 α was found often in the hypercellular zones. Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1α protein levels in the glioblastoma cell lines increased, primarily localizing into the nucleus similar to glioblastoma tissues. Exposure of glioblastoma cells to vincristine resulted in enrichment of the G₂-M fraction of the cell cycle, which suggests that vincristine-mediated growth inhibition of glioblastoma is correlated with mitotic inhibition. Using doses lower than those found to reduce the viability and proliferation of cells by 50% (IC₅₀), vincristine decreased both the expression of VEGF mRNA and the level of HIF-1α protein in hypoxic glioblastoma cells. In addition, following exposure to vincristine, the expression of VEGF mRNA was correlated with HIF-1α protein levels.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that the mechanism by which vincristine elicits an anti-angiogenic effect in glioblastomas under hypoxic conditions might be mediated, in part, by HIF-1α inhibition.     

Midazolam in treatment of various types of seizures in children

Midazolam is a recently developed water-soluble benzodiazepine that shares anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, hypnotic and anticonvulsant actions with other members of this class. There are limited studies that midazolam can be used successfully to treat seizures in adults and children. In this study, 0.2 mg/kg intramuscular (IM) midazolam was administered to 11 children (eight boys and three girls), aged 3 days to 4 years (mean age 1.8±1.4 years), with seizures of various types. In all but one child, seizures stopped in 15 s–5 min after injection. No side effects were observed. These results suggest that IM administration of midazolam may be useful in a variety of seizures during childhood, especially in case of intravenous (IV) line problem.     

脑电图预测痫性发作研究进展

癫痫(epilepsy)是由脑部神经元高度同步化异常放电所致的临床综合征,系神经系统的常见病,困扰着全世界约1%的人群.每次神经元的阵发性放电或短暂的脑功能异常称为痫性发作(seizures).     

Issues in evaluation of cognition in the elderly in developing countries

Background:

Developing regions of the world host the majority of elderly subjects who are at risk for dementia. Reliable epidemiological data from these countries is invaluable in tackling this global problem. Scarcity of such data in literature is largely attributable to problems that are unique to developing communities worldwide.

Objective:

To classify and describe the problems that interfere with the collection of reliable epidemiological data on cognitive impairment in the elderly in developing communities, and to suggest practical solutions for some of them.

Methods:

Inferring from the experiences of a large, ongoing, population-based study on the cognitive impairments in the elderly in South India and from the review of literature.

Conclusion:

A fatalistic attitude regarding aging in the communities, significant heterogeneity in educational abilities and activities of daily living, high illiteracy among rural subjects, and lack of an organized health care system and updated demographic figures are some of the major factors that contribute to technical, namely, methodology-related problems and practical, namely, subject-related problems in such epidemiological studies.     

The Burden of Agoraphobia in Worsening Quality of Life in a Community Survey in Italy

ObjectiveCurrent nosology redefined agoraphobia as an autonomous diagnosis distinct from panic disorder. We investigated the lifetime prevalence of agoraphobia, its association with other mental disorders, and its impact on the health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). MethodsCommunity survey in 2,338 randomly selected adult subjects. Participants were interviewed with the Advanced Neuropsychiatric Tools and Assessment Schedule (ANTAS), administered by clinicians. The diagnoses were based on the ICD-10 criteria. The Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) was used to quantify HR-QoL. ResultsIn the sample, 35 subjects met the criteria for agoraphobia (1.5%), with greater prevalence among women (2.0%) than men (0.9%): odds ratio (OR) 2.23; 95% CI: 1.0-5–2. Agoraphobia was more often seen among those with (n=26; 1.1%) than without (n=9; 0.4%) panic disorder: OR=8.3; 2.9–24.4. Co-morbidity with other mental disorders was substantial. The mean score of SF-12 in people with agoraphobia was 35.2±7.8, with similar levels of HR-QoL in people with (35.3±7.9) or without (34.8±7.3) panic disorder: ANOVA: F(1;33)=0.0; p=1.00. ConclusionOne out of seventy people may suffer from agoraphobia in their lifetime. The attributable burden in terms of HR-QoL is substantial and comparable to the one observed for chronic mental disorders such as major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder.     

Developmental effects of in vivo and in vitro inhibition of nitric oxide synthase in neurons

The diffusible chemical messenger nitric oxide (NO) is involved in neuronal plasticity and it is, therefore, supposed to play a role in brain development. A shortage of NO during the critical period of brain maturation may theoretically have long-lasting consequences on the organization of the adult brain. We have performed in neonatal rats a chronic inhibition of the enzyme responsible for NO production, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), from postnatal day 3 to postnatal day 23, through administration of the competitive antagonist N-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME). The calcium-dependent catalytic activity resulted almost completely inhibited throughout the period of treatment and it took more than 4 days after its suspension to get a full recovery. The expression of the neuronal isoform of the enzyme (nNOS), revealed by immunoblotting, was unchanged during the treatment and after it. The histochemical reaction for NADPH diaphorase was reduced at the end of the treatment and recovered in concomitance with the recovery of the catalytic NOS activity. No gross structural alterations were detected in brain morphology. The levels of three neurotransmitter-related and one astrocytic marker were unchanged in the cerebellum, hippocampus and cortex of 60-day-old rats which had been neonatally treated. A similar lack of significant effects on neurochemical brain maturation was also noticed in a parallel series of experiments, in which a short pulse of NOS inhibition was performed at a critical prenatal time of brain development, from gestational day 14 to gestational day 19. In vitro, chronic exposure of cerebellar granule cells to L-NAME (500 microM) resulted in slight decrease of surviving neurons after 8 days in culture and in better resistance to the challenge of stressful culture conditions. The present results suggest that the basic plan of brain organization can be achieved despite an almost complete NOS inhibition during the maturation period. In vitro, NOS inhibition may bring to more pronounced consequences on neuronal viability and function.