团体心理治疗对躯体形式障碍患者述情障碍的作用

目的分析探讨团体心理治疗对躯体形式障碍患者的述情障碍的作用。方法随机选取180例确诊躯体形式障碍患者,随机分为试验组(90例)和对照组(90例)。对照组行常规治疗,试验组于此基础上行团体心理治疗,评估两组治疗结果。结果干预因素和时间因素对TAS因子Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ存在交互作用,P0.01;干预前的TAS因子分数和团体心理治疗可显著预测TAS因子Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ的减少值,P0.01;试验组疗效优于对照组,P0.01;团体心理治疗、TAS因子Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ是影响治疗结果的主要因素(OR=9.322-1.240)。结论躯体形式障碍患者的述情障碍经团体心理治疗后疗效显著。     

躯体形式障碍患者的述情障碍

目的：探讨躯体形式障碍患者的心理健康状况,以及与述情障碍的关系.方法：采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）及多伦多述情障碍量表（TAS）对60例躯体形式障碍患者（患者组）和60名健康自愿者（对照组）进行测评,并对躯体形式障碍患者的心理健康状况与述情障碍作相关分析.结果：患者组SCL-90总分及躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、偏执、精神病性6个因子评分均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;其TAS总分及因子Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ评分亦均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,而因子Ⅲ评分两组间比较,差别则无统计学意义.躯体形式障碍患者的SCL-90总分与TAS总分及因子Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ评分均呈显著性正相关;而与因子Ⅲ评分则无显著性相关.结论：躯体形式障碍患者的心理健康状况较差,并与述情障碍有关.     

惊恐障碍患者患病行为与述情障碍的相关性

目的探讨惊恐障碍患者的患病行为与述情障碍的相关关系。方法采用患病行为问卷（IBQ）和多伦多述情障碍量表（TAS）对47名惊恐障碍患者评估．结果惊恐患者患病行为因子中一般疑病、情感压抑、情绪状态与TAS因子I、Ⅱ呈正相关,而与TAS因子Ⅲ呈负相关关系;情绪紊乱与TAS因子Ⅰ呈正相关,与因子Ⅲ呈负相关关系;易激惹与因子Ⅰ呈正相关（P〈0．05）。疾病信念因子与TAS因子Ⅰ、Ⅱ呈正相关,疾病确信和疑病指数与因子Ⅰ呈正相关,否认心因与因子Ⅰ、Ⅱ呈负相关（P〈0．05）;心理取向与TAS各因子无相关关系（P〉0．05）。结论惊恐障碍患者患病行为中不良情绪、病感、否认心因与其描述情感、认识和区别情绪和躯体感受的能力相关．提示在心理治疗时要注意针对性地改善其述情障碍。     

Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型精神分裂症自知力及述情障碍研究

目的比较Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者的自知力及述情障碍,并探讨二者之间的关系.方法依SANS、SAPS评分和Aedreason精神分裂症的分型标准进行Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型精神分裂症的分型诊断,用ITAQ和TAS分别评定患者的自知力和述情障碍.结果评定时Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者的CGI评分分别为5.19±1.95和5.65±1.34(t=0.82,P＞0.05),ITAQ总分分别为12.01±4.63和9.15±4.70(t=2.06,P＜0.05),述情障碍评分分别为64.50±13.10和74.00±10.20(t=2.49,P＜0.05).Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型精神分裂症TAS总分与ITAQ总分均无明显的相关性,但Ⅰ型精神分裂症TAS总分及描述情感的能力、认识和区别情感与躯体感受的能力、外向性思维3因子分与ITAQ的对疾病和治疗的认识这一因子分具有显著相关.结论在总体疗效评定没有显著差异的情况下,Ⅱ型精神分裂症的自知力缺乏和述情障碍均较Ⅰ型精神分裂症明显.Ⅰ型精神分裂症患者的述情障碍和自知力之间有一定相关性,Ⅱ型精神分裂症二者之间相关性不明显.     

海洛因依赖者述情障碍研究

目的:了解海洛因依赖者(PHD)述情障碍特征及与负性情绪的关系. 方法:对194例男性PHD(PHD组),采用自编一般情况问卷、多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及焦虑自评量表(SAS)进行心理评估;107名健康男性作为对照,采用TAS进行述情障碍测评. 结果:PHD组TAS总分及各因子分、SDS及SAS评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);TAS总分及因子Ⅰ、因子Ⅱ、因子Ⅳ与SDS、SAS总分均呈显著正相关(r=0.178～0.294,P均<0.05或P<0.01);TAS因子Ⅲ与SAS总分均呈显著负相关(r=-0.147,P<0.05). 结论:男性PHD存在明显述情障碍,并与负性情绪密切相关.     

躯体形式障碍患者述情障碍的相关因素分析

目的 探讨躯体形式障碍（SD）患者述情障碍的影响因素.方法 采用自编的躯体症状报告单、贝克抑郁问卷（BDI）、认知情绪调节问卷（CERQ-C）、多伦多述情量表（TASk0）、儿童期受虐经历问卷（CTQ-SF）对115例SD患者（研究组）进行评定,使用TASk0量表对101名健康志愿者（对照组）进行评定.结果 纳入研究的109例研究组患者TAS-20总分及各因子分均高于对照组（P＜0.01）.躯体症状报告单、CERQ-C、CTQ-SF及BDI多个因素中与TAS-20总分及TAS-20因子Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ有相关性（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）.躯体症状报告单总分、躯体忽视、呼吸系统症状和睡眠障碍依次进入TAS-20总分的回归方程;BDI总分、泌尿生殖系统症状、积极重新关注依次进入TAS-20因子Ⅰ的回归方程;躯体症状报告单总分与情感虐待依次进入TAS-20因子Ⅱ的回归方程.结论 SD有明显的述情障碍.SD述情障碍的不同纬度影响因素不同,躯体化症状、抑郁情绪等为SD患者述情障碍的重要影响因素.     

发作期抑郁症患者述情障碍影响因素的多元分析

目的探讨发作期抑郁症患者述情障碍的相关因素。方法采用多伦多述情量表（TAS）中文版、Beck抑郁自评量表（BDI）对80例发作期抑郁症患者进行评定,并与95名健康志愿者（对照组）比较。结果（1）抑郁症组TAS因子Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、总分及BDI评分均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。（2）患者住院与他人交流、抑郁总分依次进入TAS因子Ⅰ的回归方程;抑郁总分、工作学习应激、性别依次进入TAS因子Ⅱ的回归方程;受教育年限、住院与他人交流依次进入TAS因子Ⅲ的回归方程;抑郁总分、治疗信心依次进入TAS总分的回归方程。结论抑郁发作患者存在明显的述情障碍。性别、受教育年限、抑郁的严重程度等为发作期抑郁症患者述情障碍的重要影响因素。述情障碍不同因子的影响因素不尽相同。     

神经症和抑郁障碍患者的述情障碍及相关因素研究

目的探讨神经症和抑郁障碍患者的述情障碍及影响因素。方法对57例神经症和抑郁障碍患者运用多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)进行评定，并与常模进行比较。结果神经症和抑郁障碍患者存在明显的述情障碍，TAS总分及各因子分明显高于常模，男女之间无显著性差异，多元回归分析进入方程的是SCL-90躯体化因子和焦虑因子。结论正确评定神经症和郁郁障碍患者的述情障碍及影响因素，具有重要的临床现实意义，对采用适当的心理治疗提供依据。     

原发性高血压患者的述情障碍研究

目的探讨原发性高血压患者的述情障碍情况.方法以多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)对69例原发性高血压患者进行测评并与正常人作对照.结果高血压患者TAS总分为(74.06±8.77)分,明显高于对照组(66.06±6.38)分,因子分中以Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ因子为显著,男,女患者之间无差异.结论述情障碍常见于原发性高血压患者,临床医师应预以重视.     

躯体形式障碍患者述情障碍与事件相关电位P300相关分析

目的:探讨躯体形式障碍患者述情障碍与事件相关电位P300的相关性. 方法:随机将年龄18 ～65岁、符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版躯体形式障碍诊断标准的患者42例作为研究组,选择40名健康者作为对照组.两组均进行多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS-20)测评和事件相关电位P300检测,并将结果加以分析比较. 结果:与对照组相比,研究组CZ、PZ点N1、P2、N2、P3潜伏期明显延长(t =2.028 ～5.649;P ＜0.05或P＜0.01),研究组CZ、PZ点N2、P3波幅明显降低(t=2.928～5.010;P＜0.01).研究组TAS-20总分及各因子分均高于对照组(t=2.322 ～9.656;P ＜0.05或P＜0.01).相关分析显示,研究组PZ点N2、P3潜伏期与TAS-20总分及各因子分正相关(r=0.32 ～0.46;P＜0.01或P＜0.05),PZ点N2、P3波幅与TAS-20总分及各因子分负相关(r=-0.31～-0.51;P＜0.05或P＜0.01). 结论:躯体形式障碍患者述情障碍的产生可能与认知功能受损有关.     

恶劣心境患者述情障碍与自主神经功能的相关研究

目的:探讨恶劣心境患者的人格特质、述情障碍与自主神经功能心理生理反应的相关机制。方法:采用多伦多述情障碍量表中文版(TAS-20-C)及心理健康测查表(PHI)对42例恶劣心境患者组(DD组)、33例重性抑郁症患者组(MD组)及30例健康对照组(NC组)进行述情障碍和心理健康水平和人格特质测定,并分析短时(5min)心率变异性(HRV),评定自主神经功能。结果:DD组TAS-20-C各因子得分及总分显著高于NC组(P<0.01),因子Ⅰ、因子Ⅱ及总分均明显高于MD组(P<0.01或P<0.05);DD组PHI量表躯体化、焦虑、病态人格及疑心因子分明显高于MD组(P<0.01或P<0.05);DD组HRV频谱指标中SDNN、PNN50及HF较MD及NC组均显著下降(P<0.01或P<0.05),LF∕HF较MD及NC组均明显升高(P<0.05);TAS-20-C总分及因子Ⅰ与躯体化、焦虑、病态人格、疑心均相关(︱r︱=0.25～0.38,0.40～0.44,0.47～0.59,0.43～0.42,P<0.01或P<0.05),因子Ⅱ与焦虑及变态人格相关(︱r︱=0.31,0.31,P<0.05);躯体化及焦虑与SDNN、VLF及LF均相关(︱r︱=0.26～0.27,0.39～0.27;︱r︱=0.36～0.28,P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:恶劣心境患者存在明显的述情障碍,其人格特质可能导致患者焦虑程度更高,伴自主神经功能紊乱。     

抑郁症患者抗抑郁药治疗效果与述情障碍及甲状腺功能的关系

目的:探讨抑郁症患者抗抑郁药治疗的效果与述情障碍及甲状腺功能的关系。方法:52例抑郁症患者经抗抑郁治疗8周后给予汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)评定,≤7分为治愈组(28例),7分为非治愈组(24例);于治疗前检测三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、总甲状腺素(T4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)及促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平;采用多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS-20)于治疗前后评估述情障碍程度,对述情障碍与甲状腺激素水平的相关性进行分析。结果:治疗前治愈组TAS总分、F1、F2因子分低于非治愈组(Z=-2.493,t=-2.99,Z=-2.530;P0.05或P0.01);T3、T4水平高于非治愈组(Z=-2.801,Z=-2.294;P0.05或P0.01)。相关分析显示,治疗前TAS总分、F1因子分与T3、T4呈负相关(r=-0.291~-0.399;P0.05或P0.01)。结论:抑郁症患者的述情障碍越重则甲状腺激素水平越低,抗抑郁药疗效越差;反之亦然。     

The relationship between alexithymia and salivary cortisol levels in somatoform disorders

The purpose of this study was to investigate cortisol levels as a function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) in relation to alexithymia in patients with somatoform disorders (SFD). Diurnal salivary cortisol was sampled in 32 patients with SFD who also underwent a psychiatric examination and filled in questionnaires (Toronto Alexithymia Scale, TAS scale; Screening for Somatoform Symptoms, SOMS scale; Hamilton Depression Scale, HAMD). The mean TAS total score in the sample was 55.6+/-9.6, 32% of patients being classified as alexithymic on the basis of their TAS scores. Depression scores were moderate (HAMD=13.2, Beck Depression Inventory, BDI=16.5). The patients' alexithymia scores (TAS scale "Difficulty identifying feelings") correlated significantly positively with their somatization scale scores (Symptom Checklist-90 Revised, SCL-90-R); r=0.3438 (P<0.05) and their scores on the Global Severity Index (GSI) on the SCL-90-R; r=0.781 (P<0.01). Regression analysis was performed with cortisol variables as the dependent variables. Cortisol levels [measured by the area under the curve-ground (AUC-G), area under the curve-increase (AUC-I) and morning cortisol (MCS)] were best predicted in a multiple linear regression model by lower depressive scores (HAMD) and more psychopathological symptoms (SCL-90-R). No significant correlations were found between the patients' alexithymia scores (TAS) and cortisol levels. The healthy control group (n=25) demonstrated significantly higher cortisol levels than did the patients with SFD; in both tests P<0.001 for AUC-G and AUC-I. However, the two groups did not differ in terms of their mean morning cortisol levels (P>0.05). The results suggest that pre-existing hypocortisolism might possibly be associated with SFD.     

A controlled study of alexithymia in adolescent patients with persistent somatoform pain disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To study the differences in levels of alexithymia, depression, and anxiety between a sample of adolescents diagnosed with ICD-10 persistent somatoform pain disorder (defined by the DSM-IV as a pain disorder associated with psychological factors) and healthy adolescent control subjects. METHOD: Using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, we investigated the point prevalence of alexithymia, anxiety, and depression among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, with somatoform disorder, who were hospitalized in Kaunas Medical University Hospital, Lithuania (n =120), and a healthy control group (n = 60) of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, who were randomly selected from 6 schools in Kaunas, Lithuania. RESULTS: The rate of alexithymia in adolescents with somatoform disorder was 59%, which was significantly higher than that in healthy control subjects (1%, P < 0.001). Similarly, the rate of anxiety was significantly higher in the patient group (62%), compared with control subjects (15%, P < 0.001). The rate of depression was low in both groups and did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with somatoform disorder have higher levels of alexithymia and anxiety than healthy adolescent control subjects, but adolescents with somatoform disorder and adolescent control subjects do not have significantly different levels of depression.     

Obesity, alexithymia, psychopathology and binge eating: a comparative study of 40 obese patients and 32 controls]

Alexithymia may be considered as a personality feature characterized by poorness of imaginary life, speech focused on actual facts and physical sensations, general inaccuracy in or paucity of the words used to express emotions, and recourse to acting out to avoid intrapsychic conflicts. The possible link between alexithymia and psychosomatic or psychopathological disorders is now well documented. In particular, studies suggested that alexithymia may be frequently observed in obese or bulimic patients. This study was designed to investigate the link between obesity and alexithymia according to the presence or not of binge eating problems; 40 obese female patients (BMI > or = 27.3) seeking obesity treatment and 32 normal weight women used as controls were included in the study. In the obese group, 11 patients (27.5%) exhibited binge-eating disorder according to the DSM IV criteria. Alexithymia was assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), and past and current mental disorders were assessed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM III-R (SCID). In addition, current depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The mean TAS score was found significantly higher in obese patients than in controls (72.6 +/- 11.8 vs 65.2 +/- 9.3, respectively; p < 0.005). In the same way, alexithymia (defined by TAS score > or = 74) was found significantly more frequent in obese patients than in controls (52.5% vs 21.8%, respectively; p < 0.03). However, among obese patients no significant difference was found between patients with and without binge-eating disorder. Current major depression was also found significantly more frequent in obese patients than in controls (15% vs 0%, respectively; p < 0.03), and the mean BDI score was very significantly higher in obese patients (12.2 +/- 8.7 vs 4.6 +/- 4.6, respectively; p < 0.0001). Comparisons between obese patients with and without binge-eating disorder showed that only past major depression was found significantly more frequent in those with binge-eating disorder (81.8% vs 10.3%, respectively; p < 0.0001), although the mean BDI score was significantly higher in patients with binge-eating disorder (18.5 +/- 11.7 vs 9.8 +/- 5.9, respectively; p < 0.02). Group by group comparisons suggested that two factors may play a role in the correlation found between obesity and alexithymia. First, the mean TAS score was found significantly higher in subjects with low educational level (p < 0.05), obese patients exhibiting significantly lower educational level when compared to controls (p < 0.002). Then, a significant positive correlation was found between TAS scores and BDI scores (Spearman's test: p < 0.01), obese patients showing significantly higher BDI scores than controls (p < 0.0001). In order to confirm these results, a logistic regression procedure was performed in the total sample (obese patients + controls). Three factors were found significantly increasing the risk to get a TAS score > or = 74: low educational level (odds ratio: 3.56), past and/or current major depression (odds ratio: 2.77), and BDI score > or = 8 (odds ratio: 2.18). Obesity in itself had no significant effect on TAS scores. Our results confirm that alexithymia is a psychological feature frequently observed in obese patients. In our study, the correlation found between obesity and alexithymia appears to be irrespective of binge-eating disorder, and seems to be mediated by the educational level and the frequency of associated depression. However, further investigations need to be done in order to specify the relationships between obesity, alexithymia, low educational level, and depression.     

Alexithymia in somatoform and depressive disorders

OBJECTIVE: Alexithymia and its association with attribution styles, amplification and illness attitudes was studied among subjects with somatoform disorders, depressive disorders and normal subjects. METHODS: Two groups of 30 subjects each, bearing diagnoses of somatoform disorder and depressive disorder respectively (ICD-10 DCR), and one group of 30 normal controls were recruited. The study subjects were assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale and scales for assessing attribution styles, amplification and illness attitudes. RESULTS: Mean alexithymia scores in the somatoform (60.4) and depressive disorder groups (62.5) were higher than in normal subjects (54.2). In the somatoform disorder group, total alexithymia and 'difficulty describing feelings' scores positively correlated with psychological attribution (the latter correlation was also noted in the depressive disorder group), but not with the illness attitudes, amplification, somatic attribution scores or any of the sociodemographic variables. Compared with normal subjects, those with somatoform and depressive disorder had greater difficulty in identifying bodily sensations and feelings. Subjects with depressive disorder had more difficulty in expressing feelings compared to somatoform disorder subjects. CONCLUSIONS: While total alexithymia scores do not differentiate somatoform from depressive disorders, the two diagnostic groups do differ in that depressed subjects have greater difficulty in expressing feelings. However, all three groups had mean scores within the non-alexithymic range. Alexithymia and difficulty in expressing feelings were associated with psychological attribution of innocuous bodily sensations in the somatoform disorder group suggesting that alexithymic subjects are more able to psychologize bodily symptoms than non-alexithymic subjects. Somatoform and depressive disorder subjects and normals differ from each other in certain alexithymic characteristics, which could have potential therapeutic implications.     

认知暴露疗法治疗创伤后应激障碍的5年随访

目的:探讨5年随访时认知暴露治疗对创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)患者的效果. 方法:63例PTSD患者随机分为两组,分别进行药物治疗和心理治疗,并且在治疗前、治疗后、治疗后3个月、治疗后5年进行心理状况评定. 结果:重复测量的方差分析表明,在创伤后应激障碍症状清单量表(PCLS)、症状自评量表、贝克抑郁问卷、汉米尔顿抑郁量表、状态-特质焦虑问卷及汉米尔顿焦虑量表上,总体上组间(药物和心理治疗)效应不显著(F=3.111,P＞0.05),时间(重复变量)效应显著(F=9.011,P＜0.01).治疗后心理治疗组PCLS再经历和回避分比药物治疗组下降更显著. 结论:认知暴露治疗和药物治疗对PTSD患者疗效相近,认知暴露治疗对再经历症状和回避症状疗效更好.     

The relationship between alexithymia and salivary cortisol levels in somatoform disorders

The purpose of this study was to investigate cortisol levels as a function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) in relation to alexithymia in patients with somatoform disorders (SFD). Diurnal salivary cortisol was sampled in 32 patients with SFD who also underwent a psychiatric examination and filled in questionnaires (Toronto Alexithymia Scale, TAS scale; Screening for Somatoform Symptoms, SOMS scale; Hamilton Depression Scale, HAMD). The mean TAS total score in the sample was 55.6±9.6, 32% of patients being classified as alexithymic on the basis of their TAS scores. Depression scores were moderate (HAMD=13.2, Beck Depression Inventory, BDI=16.5). The patients’ alexithymia scores (TAS scale “Difficulty identifying feelings”) correlated significantly positively with their somatization scale scores (Symptom Checklist-90 Revised, SCL-90-R); r=0.3438 (P<0.05) and their scores on the Global Severity Index (GSI) on the SCL-90-R; r=0.781 (P<0.01). Regression analysis was performed with cortisol variables as the dependent variables. Cortisol levels [measured by the area under the curve–ground (AUC-G), area under the curve–increase (AUC-I) and morning cortisol (MCS)] were best predicted in a multiple linear regression model by lower depressive scores (HAMD) and more psychopathological symptoms (SCL-90-R). No significant correlations were found between the patients’ alexithymia scores (TAS) and cortisol levels. The healthy control group (n=25) demonstrated significantly higher cortisol levels than did the patients with SFD; in both tests P<0.001 for AUC-G and AUC-I. However, the two groups did not differ in terms of their mean morning cortisol levels (P>0.05). The results suggest that pre-existing hypocortisolism might possibly be associated with SFD.