微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛65例

目的 探讨微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛的效果。方法 回顾性分析2014年4月至2015年6月行微血管减压术治疗的65例原发性三叉神经痛的临床资料。结果 术前MRI发现责任血管59例（90.77%）。术中发现动脉压迫40例、动静脉联合压迫14例、两支动脉联合压迫3例、静脉压迫5例、蛛网膜增厚3例;38例单纯接触压迫,10例粘连,13例接触合并神经移位,4例粘连合并神经移位。65例中,58例完全减压,7例未完全减压;术后3个月,45例治愈,10例显效,5例有效,3例无效,2例复发;总有效率为92.31%。结论 微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛的疗效确切;术前MRI检查对手术方案的制定有重要价值。     

微血管减压术治疗典型及非典型三叉神经痛的疗效比较

目的比较微血管减压术治疗典型及非典型三叉神经痛的疗效,探讨其机制.方法对比分析62例经微血管减压术治疗的三叉神经痛病人的临床特征、术中所见和手术疗效.其中45例为典型者,17例为不典型者.结果典型病人平均病程3.1年,平均年龄60.3岁;20例（44.4%）疼痛累及三叉神经的单一分支,25例为2～3支痛;术中见39例（86.7%）为动脉压迫,6例为动静脉混合压迫;术后44例（97.8%）疼痛缓解,1例无效.非典型病人平均病程8.7年,平均年龄55.5岁;均为多支疼痛病人;术中见10例（58.8%）为动脉压迫,7例为动静脉混合压迫;术后疼痛缓解5例（29.4%）,减轻10例（58.8%）,无效2例.结论微血管减压术治疗典型三叉神经痛的疗效明显优于非典型者,可能与其病程较短,发病年龄较晚,疼痛多呈单支分布,以动脉压迫为主,且术中能够实现充分减压有关.     

三叉神经痛微血管减压术后疗效及相关并发症分析

目的探讨影响三叉神经痛微血管减压术后疗效以及手术并发症的相关因素。方法回顾性分析89例经微血管减压术治疗的原发性三叉神经痛患者的临床资料。结果 89例患者中术后疼痛立即消失68例(76.4%),明显缓解7例(7.8%);术后随访1~4年,治愈77例(86.5%),显效5例(5.6%),有效4例(4.5%),无效3例(3.4%)。手术并发症:术后出现小脑血肿2例,严重脑水肿2例,听力障碍1例,皮下积液3例,头痛头晕4例。结论良好的手术疗效与典型的临床症状,较短的病程,明确的责任血管,单根动脉的压迫以及较轻的神经受压程度密切相关。术中仔细寻找责任血管,充分松解粘连,实施有效的减压,严格保护面听神经,可以进一步提高手术疗效并减少术后并发症的发生。     

微血管减压术治疗典型及非典型三叉神经痛的疗效对比研究

目的探讨微血管减压术治疗典型及非典型三叉神经痛的不同疗效及其可能机制。方法寸比分析2003～2004年间经微血管减压术治疗的45例典型三又神经痛患者及17例非典型三叉神经痛患者的临床特征、术中所见年口手术疗效。结果45例典型三叉神经痛患者中，平均痛程3．1年，平均发病年龄60．3岁。其中20例（44．4％）患者中疼痛累及三又神经的单一分支，其余25例（55．6％）疼痛均累及2或3个分支。术中见39例（86．7％）为动脉压迫，6例（13．3％）为动脉和静脉混合压迫。术后疼痛完全缓解44例（97．8％），明显减轻1例（2．2）。而在17例非典型三叉神经痛患者中，平均病程8．7年，平均发病年龄55.5岁，疼痛均累及三叉神经的2或3个分支。术中见10例（58．8％）为动脉压迫，7例（41．2％）为动脉年口静脉混合压迫。术后疼痛完全缓解5倒（29.4％），明显减轻10例（58．8％），无效2例（11．8％）。结论微血管减压术治疗典型三叉神经痛的疗效明显优于非典型患者，这可能与典型三叉神经痛患者的病程较短、发病年龄较晚、疼痛多呈单支分布、且以动脉压迫为主以及术中能够实现充分减压有关。     

三叉神经痛微血管减压手术无效的原因分析

目的 探讨微血管减压手术治疗三叉神经痛术后无效的原因.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2005年12月间微血管减压术后无效患者13例的临床资料和再次手术探查情况.结果 发现Teflon片移位脱落3例,其它责任血管压迫2例,微小静脉横穿于三叉神经中间2例,岩骨压迫1例,余5例未探及明确原因.分别予微血管减压术、三叉神经感觉根部分切断术或神经根松解术,术后效果良好,仅2例疼痛未缓解.结论 对于首次三叉神经痛微血管减压术无效的患者,应积极行二次手术探查,以解除血管和岩骨对三叉神经的可能压迫.     

显微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛的技术差别(附37例报告)

目的为了提高手术安全性和疗效,减少术后并发症,探讨显微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛的方法和技术细节差别。方法回顾性分析37例显微血管减压术手术患者,其中三叉神经痛15例,面肌痉挛22例,分析术中体位,切口,骨窗,责任血管压迫等细节,观察二者术后疗效。结果三叉神经痛患者术后疼痛立即完全缓解14例,1例延迟缓解。所有面肌痉挛患者痉挛症状术后即刻消失,无严重并发症。随访半年~2年,1例三叉神经痛患者复发,所有面肌痉挛患者未见复发。结论显微血管减压术是治疗三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛的有效治疗方法,但在术中体位、切口、骨窗、责任血管压迫等具体操作细节方面有细微差别,了解这些差别有助于增加手术安全性,取得更好的疗效。     

小脑上动脉压迫造成三叉神经黏连移位的处理

目的探讨小脑上动脉压迫造成三叉神经黏连移位的处理方法,评估其手术疗效。方法回顾性分析509例三叉神经痛病人的临床资料,从中筛选出存在小脑上动脉压迫造成三叉神经黏连移位者120例,均行微血管减压术（MVD）,并对术后疗效进行评估。结果术后即刻缓解101例,延迟缓解13例,无效6例,术后缓解率95％,未发现严重并发症。107例随访3～7个月,复发3例（2．8％）。结论对小脑上动脉压迫造成三又神经黏连移位的病人,在垫人Teflon的同时,完全松解小脑上动脉周围蛛网膜,将小脑上动脉移到三叉神经头侧,将三叉神经解剖复位能取得较好疗效。     

影响显微血管减压术对原发性三叉神经痛疗效的因素分析

目的探讨显微血管减压术(MVD)治疗原发性三叉神经痛疗效的相关影响因素。方法收集新余市人民医院64例经MVD治疗的原发性三叉神经痛患者临床资料,分析可能影响术后疗效的相关指标。结果 64例患者均为典型原发性三叉神经痛患者并接受MVD治疗,术后治愈48例(75.0%),缓解12例(18.8%),无效4例(6.2%),术后出现耳鸣2例,面瘫1例,皮下积液2例,颅内感染1例,高热6例,无脑出血、脑梗死等严重并发症及死亡病例。多因素分析显示病程、压迫程度、手术减压程度是影响预后的危险因素(P <0.05)。结论影响三叉神经痛手术疗效因素主要有病程、三叉神经受压程度及手术减压是否充分。     

显微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛21例临床分析

目的探讨显微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛的临床疗效。方法选取我院神经外科2012-10—2013-12收治的21例原发性三叉神经痛患者,给予全麻下显微血管减压术治疗。结果经电话及预约随访2~16个月,21例患者中术后疼痛立即消失17例,术后2周内疼痛缓解2例,疼痛明显减轻2例,能够耐受疼痛,总缓解率90.5%,总有效率100%。结论显微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛安全、有效,值得推广。     

微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛

目的提出微血管减压术是治疗原发性三叉神经痛的最佳手术方式。方法报告了12例原发性三叉神经痛患者行微血管减压术,其中11例发现三叉神经入脑干区动脉压迫神经根,将压迫血管与神经根分离,在其间植入纤维蛋白海绵或聚四氟乙烯片维持分离状态,术后除1例疼痛减轻外,其余疼痛完全缓解,另1例术中未发现责任血管,但在神经根远侧段发现有粘连,将粘连松解,使神经根游离。结果所有患者术后疼痛减轻或缓解,所有病例无并发症。结论微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛是去除病因的手术方式,对已行微血管减压术后复发的患者再次行微血管减压术亦可获得满意疗效,作者还认为,神经内镜辅助微血管减压术顺应了当今微侵袭外科的趋势,将有望被更多地用来治疗原发性三叉神经痛。     

Treatment of atypical trigeminal neuralgia with microvascular decompression

AIM: To explore the methods for achieving pain relief in patients with atypical trigeminal neuralgia (TN) using microvascular decompression (MVD). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Retrospective study of 26 patients treated during the years 2000 to 2004. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients in whom vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve was identified by high definition magnetic resonance tomographic angiography (MRTA) were treated with MVD for atypical TN in our department. Clinical presentations, surgical findings and clinical outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: In this study, single trigeminal division was involved in only 2 patients (8%) and two or three divisions in the other 24 patients (92%). Of prime importance is the fact that in 46.2% of the patients, several conflicting vessels were found in association. Location of the conflicts around the circumference of the trigeminal root was supero-medial to the root in 53.5%, supero-lateral in 30.8% and inferior in 15.7%. MVD for atypical TN resulted in complete pain relief in 50% of the patients with complete decompression, partial pain relief in 30.8% and poor pain relief or pain recurrence in 19.2% of the patients without complete decompression postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Complete decompression of the entire trigeminal root plays an important role in achieving pain relief in patients with atypical TN with MVD.     

枕下乙状窦后入路手术治疗三叉神经痛的术式选择

目的探讨枕下乙状窦入路手术治疗三叉神经痛术中手术方式的选择。方法对39例原发性三叉神经痛患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。其中31例患者术中有明确的血管压迫,仅行微血管减压术(MVD)手术;6例患者血管压迫不明显,行MVD+三叉神经梳理术(TNC);3例患者行三叉神经感觉根部分离断术(PSR),1例患者行二次手术。对患者术后的疗效及并发症进行分析。结果 31例行MVD手术患者,术后疼痛立即完全缓解26例,延迟缓解2例,无效3例,总有效率90.6%。6例行MVD+TNC的患者和3例行PSR手术的患者术后疼痛均立即缓解。结论为提高手术治疗三叉神经痛的治愈率,应根据术中不同情况决定不同的手术方式。对于老年人及不能耐受第二次手术的患者,更应积极行PSR手术。     

三叉神经痛微血管减压术后疼痛不缓解的治疗体会

目的 探讨三叉神经微血管减压(MVD)术后患者疼痛不缓解的治疗方法 . 方法 对北京大学人民医院神经外科自2005年1月至2009年6月收治的50例原发性三叉神经痛患者行MVD术后手术效果进行回顾性分析.对术后疼痛不缓解的患者应用经皮卵圆孔三叉神经池甘油封闭术治疗. 结果 50例患者MVD术后有3例疼痛不缓解.3例患者中对责任血管实施减压者2例,无责任血管仅行梳理者1例;3例患者均有蛛网膜粘连增厚.应用经皮卵圆孔三叉神经池甘油封闭术治疗后疼痛消失. 结论 尽管实施有效的MVD术仍不能保证所有患者术后疼痛缓解,特别是无责任血管者,术后持续疼痛可能性更大.荧屏监视下经皮卵圆孔穿刺半月节甘油封闭术为MVD术后疼痛不缓解者提供了一种避免再次开颅、简便易行、安全有效的方法 .     

微血管减压术治疗青少年原发性三叉神经痛简

目的三叉神经痛极少发生于青少年,本研究旨在探究微血管减压术治疗青少年三叉神经痛疗效,并就其病因及其手术策略进行探讨。方法收集2005年1月至2013年5月在我科接受微血管减压术的所有年龄小于18岁的原发性三叉神经痛患者资料,分析术中所见、手术疗效、并发症及随访结果。结果术后随访0．5～7年,治疗有效率94．1％,未出现脑出血,听力丧失等严重并发症,随访未见复发。结论青少年原发性三叉神经痛由于血管压迫引起,但责任血管类型与成人不同,静脉压迫及混合压迫占有重要比例。微血管减压术是治疗青少年三又神经痛的首选方法,全程有序探查责任血管,重视静脉处理及充分减压是提高手术治愈率的关键。     

Percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy and neurovascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve for the treatment of facial pain

OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcomes of 354 radiofrequency rhizotomies and 21 neurovascular decompressions performed as treatment for 367 facial pain patients (290 idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, 52 symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia, 16 atypical facial pain, 9 post-herpetic neuralgia). METHOD: Clinical findings and surgery success rate were considered for evaluation. A scale of success rate was determined to classify patients, which considered pain relief and functional/sensorial deficits. RESULTS: Radiofrequency rhizotomy was performed in 273 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia and in all other patients, except for trigeminal neuropathy; neurovascular decompression was performed in 18 idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia patients; 100% idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, 96.2% symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia, 37.5% atypical facial pain and 88.9% post-herpetic neuralgia had pain relief. CONCLUSION: Both techniques for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia are usefull. Radiofrequency rhizotomy was also efficient to treat symptomatic facial pain, and post-herpetic facial pain, but is not a good technique for atypical facial pain.     

Operative findings in cases of trigeminal neuralgia without vascular compression: proposal of a different mechanism.

Trigeminal neuralgia is known to be caused by vascular compression at the trigeminal root entry zone (REZ) and microvascular decompression provides good outcome in most of cases. However, in some cases, no vascular compression was observed at the REZ. Over the last 2(1/2) years, the first author operated on 53 cases of trigeminal neuralgia with microvascular decompression and encountered nine cases where no offending vessels were noted at or near the REZ. They were divided into two groups: five cases involving an initial operation and four cases involving a second operation. In the former, arachnoid thickening, angulation or torsion of the root axis were common findings. Dissection of thick arachnoid around the root along the whole length reversed the root to be straight and flaccid. Complete pain relief was noted in four of five cases. In one case of atypical pain, constant facial pain remained. In the latter four cases, where the first operations were done more than 4 years before, thick granulation was noted around REZ without new offending vessels in two cases. In the remaining two cases, where no offending vessels were noted in the first operation, thick adhesion of a distal portion of the root with dura on the pyramidal bone was noted. Meticulous dissection of t he whole length of the root was done and complete pain relief was obtained. Delayed but complete pain relief in these nine cases was noted. Based on operative findings, arachnoid thickening or granulomatous adhesion between the root and surrounding structures can cause an abnormal course of the trigeminal nerve root, which causes root angulation and/or torsion. They can also cause pulsatile movement of the trigeminal nerve root. This tethering effect can promote abnormal root stretching force, especially at REZ, which might promote hyperexitability of the nerve.This speculative mechanism suggests that it is important to make the root free along the entire length, especially at its distal portion in cases with no offending vessels.     

三叉神经痛发病机理研究

目的 研究微血管压迫引起三叉神经痛(TN)的发病机制。方法 连续分析50例TN患的临床特征、术中所见和手术疗效，包括扳机点的位置、疼痛范围、病程、血管压迫三叉神经根的部位与程度、术后疼痛缓解的进程与最终结果。结果 扳机点均位于TN的分布范围之内。随着病程延长，疼痛有转化为不典型的趋势，可出现间歇期疼痛或面部麻木。压迫血管以小脑上动脉、小脑前下动脉和动静脉同时压迫多见。压迫血管与三叉神经根之间可为接触、粘连、成角和轴性移位，压迫部位以内侧、外侧及多点压迫多见，而且压迫部位与压迫程度与TN的临床表现和手术疗效密切相关。结论 血管压迫部位决定了扳机点的位置及疼痛范围，压迫程度决定了手术疗效。血管压迫引起的神经根脱髓鞘以及由此引起的神经纤维直接接触、传导扩散和负反馈调节可能是TN的发病机制。