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1.
Neuroimaging has an important role in the investigation and treatment of patients with epilepsy. Diagnosis of the underlying substrate in a given patient with epilepsy determines prognosis with higher accuracy than electroencephalography. Neuroimaging techniques include computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although CT has a diminished role for diagnosis. MRI is the most appropriate imaging technique in the initial investigation of patients with epilepsy. MRI is the most sensitive technique for the diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis, tumors, and malformations of cortical development. MRI is also critical for neurosurgical planning. Other imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography are reserved for patients with intractable epilepsy when surgery is contemplated. New developments such as MR spectroscopy, receptor PET, and magnetic source imaging are becoming clinical tools and have the promise of improving diagnosis.  相似文献   

2.
Neuroimaging has important applications in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with seizures and epilepsy. Having replaced computed tomography (CT) in many situations, MRI is the preferred imaging technique for patients with epilepsy. Advances in radionuclide-based techniques such as single-photon emission CT/positron emission tomography and electromagnetic source imaging with magnetoencephalography are providing new insights into the pathophysiology of epilepsy. In addition, techniques such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy are beginning to impact treatment. In this review, I discuss how these techniques are used in clinical practice but more importantly, how imaging findings play an increasing role in neurotherapeutics.  相似文献   

3.
New Techniques in Magnetic Resonance and Epilepsy   总被引:11,自引:4,他引:7  
Summary: Developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission tomography (SPECT) have opened new opportunities for noninvasive brain investigation. Functional imaging methods involving noninvasive MRI and minimally invasive PET and SPECT are available that allow investigation of brain abnormality in intractable epilepsy patients. Noninvasive techniques enable the investigation of many aspects of the underlying neuropathologic basis of intractable seizures and of the relationship of functional abnormalities both to structural abnormalities and to the seizure focus. New MRI techniques demonstrate the structure of the brain in fine detail (especially the hippocampus), provide information about the underlying metabolism of brain regions, and demonstrate functional activity of the brain with high spatial and temporal resolution. The clinical impact of this noninvasive information cannot be overstated and these techniques provide indispensable information to neurologists specializing in epi-leptology. The proper use and interpretation of the findings provided by these new technologies will be a major challenge to epilepsy programs in the next few years.  相似文献   

4.
The role of modern neuroimaging in the management and treatment of patients with seizures and epilepsy continues to expand at a rapid pace. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now well established as the imaging technique of choice for patients with epilepsy, but new MR-based techniques, such as MR spectroscopy, functional (f)MRI, and fMRI/electroencephalogram, are more frequently being used to increase the yield of MRI in detecting abnormalities associated with epilepsy. In parallel, advances in radioactive-based techniques, such as single photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and magnetic source imaging, are improving the localization power of these techniques in candidates for epilepsy surgery. Advances in computer power are making possible the co-egistration in space of structural and functional information, thus improving the yield for the detection of lesions associated with epilepsy.  相似文献   

5.
The application of brain imaging techniques to psychiatry is reviewed with respect to computerized tomography (CT), EEG topography, positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). While early computerized tomography studies have suggested structural abnormalities in schizophrenia, more recent studies have shown that most schizophrenics and patients with other disorders have normal CT scans. EEG topography and positron emission tomography have not been evaluated as fully as computerized tomography. However, preliminary studies indicate some functional abnormalities in schizophrenia and affective disorders compared to normal controls. Magnetic resonance imaging shows promise but has had only a limited application to date in psychiatry.  相似文献   

6.
Although less well studied in child and adolescent psychiatry than in adult psychiatry, brain imaging has significantly altered psychiatric research and practice. This review focuses on the modalities that are used to image the brain. These include structural imaging techniques of computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as functional imaging techniques of computed electroencephalography (CEEG), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The technologies are reviewed, strengths and weaknesses of modalities discussed, and research progress reported.  相似文献   

7.
The development of the neuroimaging technique has revolutionized clinical neurology. This is also true in the field of stroke. Because of the easy accessibility and little time consuming, the computed tomography (CT) should be applied first to the stroke patient and other examinations should be prepared later to the patient due to the severity and the characteristic of the lesion. These are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (including MR angiography. MR spectroscopy, diffusion MRI), cerebral angiography, neurosonography (carotid ultrasound, color flow imaging, transcranial Doppler), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET), etc. It is a matter of common sense that CT and MRI are now particularly important among laboratory examinations for neurological diseases and these non-invasive techniques will become more important for the elderly stroke patients. Recent study cleared the combination of 3-dimensional computed angiography and neurosonography has an informative value and this is especially important for the elderly patients who are fragile and need rapid and accurate diagnosis.  相似文献   

8.
Neuroimaging in refractory partial seizures: comparison of PET, CT, and MRI   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
We compared the results of x-ray CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F 2-deoxyglucose in 36 patients with partial seizures. Seventeen patients had localized epileptic discharges on surface EEG. MRI showed an abnormality in 9, CT in 4, and PET in 13 of 14 patients who had the test. Nineteen patients had nonlocalizing EEG discharges. MRI showed an abnormality in 11, CT in 10, and PET in 8 of 12. MRI is more sensitive than CT in detecting structural lesions underlying PET hypometabolism.  相似文献   

9.
M P Richardson 《Seizure》2001,10(2):139-156
Functional imaging plays a growing role in the clinical assessment and research investigation of patients with epilepsy. This article reviews the literature on functional MRI (fMRI) investigation of EEG activity, fMRI evaluation of cognitive and motor functions, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) in epilepsy. The place of these techniques in clinical evaluation and their contribution to a better neurobiological understanding of epilepsy are discussed.  相似文献   

10.
Structural and functional neuroimaging in mild-to-moderate head injury   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Head injury is a major cause of disability and death in adults. Significant developments in imaging techniques have contributed to the knowledge of the pathophysiology of head injury. Although extensive research is available on severe head injury, less is known about mild-to-moderate head injury despite the fact that most patients sustain this type of injury. In this review, we focus on structural and functional imaging techniques in patients with mild-to-moderate head injury. We discuss CT and MRI, including different MRI sequences, single photon emission computed tomography, perfusion-weighted MRI, perfusion CT, PET, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, functional MRI and magnetic encephalography. We outline the advantages and limitations of these various techniques in the contexts of the initial assessment and identification of brain abnormalities and the prediction of outcome.  相似文献   

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