心理干预对精神分裂症患者亲属心理状况的影响

目的：探讨心理干预对精神分裂症患者亲属心理状况的影响。方法：采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）和自编精神分裂症健康知识调查问卷对83名精神分裂症患者的亲属进行调查,并对其进行为期4周的心理干预。结果：精神分裂症患者亲属心理干预前的SAS和SDS评分分别为（53.90±2.02）分和（61.40±1.07）分,显著高于全国常模的（41.90±2.60）分和（41.40±1.83）分（P〈0.05）;心理干预后患者亲属的SAS和SDS评分分别为（41.00±1.56）分和（41.50±1.08）分,较干预前有显著降低（P〈0.05）;干预后亲属对患者疾病相关知识的知晓度明显提高。结论：心理干预可有效改善患者亲属的心理状况。     

首发精神分裂症患者亲属的心理状况及干预效果探讨

目的　探讨首发精神分裂症患者亲属的心理状况及干预效果。方法　对 5 0例首发精神分裂症患者亲属采用精神症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 )、焦虑自评量表 (SAS)及抑郁自评量表 (SDS)进行测评 ,并根据测评存在的心理问题给予干预。结果　首发精神分裂症患者亲属SCL - 90、SAS、SDS评分明显高于国内常模 ,存在明显的焦虑抑郁情绪 ,男女之间差别不明显 ,经心理干预 ,以及随着患者病情改善 ,患者亲属SAS、SDS评分也随之下降。结论　首发精神分裂症患者亲属存在着不同程度心理问题 ,应主动做好他们的心理干预 ,提高他们的心理承受能力 ,减轻心理应激反应。     

首发精神分裂症患者父母的心理状况及干预

目的探讨首发精神分裂症患者父母的心理卫生状况.方法对112例患者父母采用精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)及焦虑自评量表(SAS)抑郁自评量表(SDS)进行测评,并根据测评存在的心理问题给予不同层次干预.结果首发精神分裂症父母存在明显焦虑抑郁情绪,SCL-90、SAS、SDS评分明显高于国内常模.母亲不良情绪反应较父亲重,经心理干预改变观念,及病人病情逐渐好转后,患者父母SAS、SDS评分也随之下降.结论首发精神分裂症父母存在着不同程度心理问题,应主动做好他们的心理干预,提高他们的心理承受能力,减轻心理应激反应程度.     

心理干预对改善精神分裂症患者家属心理状况的效果分析

目的 探讨心理干预对改善精神分裂症患者家属心理状况的效果.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对229名精神分裂症患者家属进行调查,并对其进行为期4周的心理干预.结果 精神分裂症患者家属的SCL-90各因子、SAS和SDS的评分均显著高于全国常模(P<0.05),心理干预后,患者家属的SCL-90各因子、SAS和SDS的评分较干预前有显著性降低(P<0.05).结论 精神分裂症患者家属的心理问题状况较为严重,而心理干预可有效改善患者家属的心理状况.     

心理干预对老年期痴呆患者亲属心理健康状况的影响

目的 探讨心理干预对老年期痴呆患者亲属心理健康状况的影响.方法 应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和自制的老年期痴呆健康知识调查表对80名老年期痴呆患者亲属进行调查,并对其进行为期6周的心理干预.结果 老年期痴呆患者亲属心理干预前SCL-90总分及各因子分均高于常模,差异有显著性(P<0.05或0.01);心理干预后患者亲属的SCL-90总分及各因子分较心理干预前有显著降低(P<0.01);心理干预后亲属对患者疾病相关知识的知晓度明显提高(P<0.01).结论 心理干预可有效改善老年期痴呆患者亲属的心理健康状况.     

精神分裂症后抑郁及心理干预

目的 探讨精神分裂症后抑郁的发生率及心理干预的效果。方法采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）对住院的精神分裂症患者进行调查，并采用支持性心理治疗方法对精神分裂症后抑郁患者进行心理干预，并在干预前后用HAMD进行评定。结果358例患者中有99例患者存在抑郁，发生率27．65％。心理干预后HAMD总分明显降低。结论精神分裂症后抑郁常见，心理干预能有效地改善患者的抑郁状况。     

精神分裂症患者家属情绪障碍的心理干预

目的 探讨临床心理干预对精神分裂症患者家属焦虑情绪的作用.方法 应用支持性心理治疗对患者家属实施心理干预.采用状态-特质焦虑问卷进行干预前后的评定.结果 患者家属干预后S - AI均分降低,与干预前相比存在显著性差异(t=4.52,P＜0.01).结论 临床上对精神分裂症患者家属焦虑情绪实施心理干预是一种简便、易行、...     

精神分裂症恢复期心理社会干预的对照研究

目的：采用前瞻性随机对照研究，以恢复期精神分裂症患者为研究对象，探讨集体和个别心理社会干预应用于病人的可行性和近期效果，方法：120例病人被随机分配到干预组（60例）和对照组（60例），干预组除药物治疗外，接受系统的心理社会干预，对照组只用药物维持治疗。结果：在6个月末和1年末，干预组患者的BPRS、SDSS、SCL－90各量表总分与对照组比较，均有显著性差异（P＜0．001），说明干预组患者的精神症状，不良情绪及社会功能均有明显好转。结论：对恢复期精神分裂症病人适时进行系统的心理社会干预，是促进康复行之有效的方法之一，值得推广应用。     

心理护理干预对改善老年痴呆患者家属焦虑抑郁情绪的效果分析

目的 探讨心理护理干预对改善老年痴呆患者家属焦虑抑郁情绪的效果.方法 采用zung氏焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对住院的老年痴呆患者的195名家属进行评分,并对其进行共计两周的心理干预.结果 家属的焦虑、抑郁情绪在干预后明显好转,且有显著性差异(P<0.01),其家属的不良情绪的影响因素包括患者家属的年龄、与患者的亲缘关系、家庭经济状况、对疾病的认识程度、患者病情的严重性、患者病程的长短等.结论 老年痴呆患者家属的不良情绪受多方面因素影响,而心理干预可有效改善患者家属的心理状况.     

精神分裂症患者的心理社会干预

精神分裂症的治疗不仅包括药物治疗,还包括为患者提供支持、有效的信息、心理社会干预以及康复治疗。中国的研究者在精神分裂症患者非药物治疗领域进行着各项研究,而国外研究数据一致显示心理社会干预可以降低复发率和再住院率。尽管缓解症状仍然是精神分裂症治疗的一个重要目标,但工作、学习,独：立生活及社会化方面的功能损伤往往也是患者及其家属关注的重点。因此,精神分裂症患者更有可能从着重于减轻残疾的干预中获益。本文对中外有效应用于精神分裂症患者的主要心理社会干预进行综述,包括认知行为治疗、社会技能训练、家庭干预、认知纠正、心理教育、职业训练、危机干预及综合心理治疗;同时就中外心理社会干预的差异进行讨论     

高校辅导员丰盈心理状态研究

目的探讨高校辅导员的丰盈心理状态。方法采用自编的辅导员丰盈心理状态问卷对四川省某高校的113名辅导员进行丰盈心理状态(包括职业认同、生活满意度、人际支、情绪情感、婚姻质量持、自我和谐6个因子)调查。结果 1不同性别的辅导员在丰盈心理状态各因子上差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2不同年龄的辅导员在自我和谐因子上的差异有统计学意义(F=3.62,P=0.03)。3不同类别的辅导员在职业认同(F=3.38,P=0.04)和自我和谐(F=3.61,P=0.03)因子上的差异有统计学意义。结论性别不是影响辅导员丰盈心理状态各因子的因素,年龄对自我和谐因子有影响,辅导员类别对职业认同和自我和谐因子有影响。     

Brief psychological treatments

Psychological treatments developed in hospital settings are not always feasible in primary care. The primary care team may not have the specialist experience or the time needed to deliver such treatments effectively. If psychological treatments are to be more widely available in primary care they need to be not only effective, but also brief and relatively simple. Problem-solving therapy has been developed in Oxford as such a treatment. A series of studies has demonstrated that problem-solving is an effective treatment for anxiety disorders of otherwise poor prognosis in primary care. Importantly, it is an effective treatment, not only when given by a psychiatrist, but also when given by a trained general practitioner. Problem-solving is now being evaluated as a possible treatment for depressive disorders in primary care.     

Hallucinogen-induced psychological disorders

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the current research on hallucinogen induced psychiatric disorders. In addition to LSD and psilocybin hallucinogens of biologic origin are increasingly used by adolescents and young adults. METHODS: Relevant literature and related articles were identified by means of a computerized MEDLINE search including the years 1997 - 2007. As keywords "hallucinogen induced psychosis", "hallucinogen induced flashback", "hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD)" were used. Finally, 64 journal articles and books out of 103 were included in the review. RESULTS: Acute psychotic syndromes in adolescents are rarely due to intoxications with hallucinogenic drugs. However, clinical relevance of flashback phenomena as post-hallucinogenic psychiatric disorder has to be disputed. Because of the high popularity of biogenic hallucinogens and LSD knowledge of intoxications and resulting psychiatric disorders as well as medical complications and therapeutical approaches are clinically important. Especially intoxications with drugs of herbal origin like tropanalcaloids play an important role in emergency situations.     

Urine and plasma corticosteroids, psychological tests, and effectiveness of psychological defenses

Characteristic levels of 33 psychological and 2 endocrine variables (urinary and plasma 17-OHCS) were estimated in a ‘normal’ population consisting of 22 men and 24 women under everyday life circumstances. All pairs of variables were correlated across subjects. Previous reports of the lack of a significant correlation between urinary and plasma 17-OHCS were confirmed. Hence the 2 variables cannot be held to provide similar information in such subjects. The significant psychological correlates of urinary 17-OHCS were more numerous and more consistent across sexes that the correlates of plasma 17-OHCS. The best psychological predictors of urinary 17-OHCS were scores on the Taylor Anxiety Scale (positively related), the Leary Hostility Scale (positively related) and the Nowlis Social Affection Scale (negatively related).

The previously reported inverse relationship between urinary 17-OHCS and ‘Effectiveness of Psychological Defenses’ was confirmed in women, not in men. No relationship was found between Effectiveness of Defenses and plasma 17-OHCS. The concept, Effectivenss of Defenses as used here referred to overall operation of character defenses rather than to defenses against a specific external challenge, as was true in other studies. Pending further refinements of concept and technique, only cautious generalizations should be made from defenses against an external challenge to defenses in general.     

The psychological organization of multiple personality disordered patients as revealed in psychological testing

The reader familiar with the borderline literature may see a correspondence between certain of our MPD/DD Rorschach results and typical borderline characteristics. Most notably, both groups reason and view others in unusual but not psychotic ways and demonstrate certain difficulties in affect integration. On the other hand, the MPD/DD group exhibits many attributes that contradict predictions one would make from a borderline perspective, and which support Kluft's assertion that the majority of these patients have a more complex and structured personality system. Rather than holding oversimplified attitudes, they are attuned to the subtleties of experience. Their generally introversive personality style reflects a capacity for internalization, for ideational organization of anxiety, for taking analytic distance from themselves, and for viewing and relating to others in a complex and empathetic fashion. To return to our metaphor of the explorer, we can conclude that the borderline personality concept gives us too broad and blurred a view of the MPD/DD terrain. It lacks the level of specificity needed to describe the test phenomena that appear on these MPD/DD Rorschachs. The special test instructions, behavior ratings of extra-test dissociative phenomena, and the posttest process questions enable us to see that although at gross level certain vulnerabilities resemble borderline characteristics, the processes underlying these phenomena are quite distinct. Moreover, unexpected areas of strength and maturity also exist. These findings suggest that we are not viewing a developmental arrest, but rather, are seeing the signs of what developmental psychologists call a "strange" development i.e., an atypical developmental pathway created by unusual interactions with the world. It may well be that much of the difficulty in establishing the validity of BPD test criteria has been due to the unwitting inclusion of DD patients within these studies. If so, the distinction between borderline and dissociative test characteristics will lead to more accurate and refined studies of both groups. The concept of PTSD has been a particularly useful dimension for elucidating MPD test phenomena. As we further investigate commonalities and differences within the MPD/DD continuum, it will be interesting to examine in what way the severity of these patients' PTSD relates to their personality characteristics, symptom patterns, and treatment response. The strength of psychological assessment has long been its ability to describe the organization of psychological processes to gain a detailed knowledge of the individual. As such, in the hands of well-trained clinicians, psychological assessment has been one of the most powerful tools for predicting long-term treatment outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Behavioral neuroscience of psychological pain

Pain is a common word used to refer to a wide range of physical and mental states sharing hedonic aversive value. Three types of pain are distinguished in this article: Physical pain, an aversive state related to actual or potential injury and disease; social pain, an aversive emotion associated to social exclusion; and psychological pain, a negative emotion induced by incentive loss. This review centers on psychological pain as studied in nonhuman animals. After covering issues of terminology, the article briefly discusses the daily-life significance of psychological pain and then centers on a discussion of the results originating from two procedures involving incentive loss: successive negative contrast—the unexpected devaluation of a reward—and appetitive extinction—the unexpected omission of a reward. The evidence reviewed points to substantial commonalities, but also some differences and interactions between physical and psychological pains. This evidence is discussed in relation to behavioral, pharmacological, neurobiological, and genetic factors that contribute to the multidimensional experience of psychological pain.     

心理治疗的神经影像学研究

心理治疗是一个由受过专业训练的治疗师通过与来访者建立一种职业性的关系,进而帮助来访者解决情绪上的困扰、纠正其错误认知、改变不良行为、促进其人格的成长和发展的过程。尽管心理治疗已经经历了较长的发展史,但是,从实证的角度证明心理治疗对精神疾病的有效性还是最近十几年的事情。近年来,通过临床试验研究,发现认知行为疗法以及人际关系疗法能够有效地治疗轻、中度抑郁症,而且,心理治疗合并药物治疗比这两种治疗方法中任何单一治疗都更有效,疗效也更持久。即便是针对比较严重的精神障碍,如精神分裂症,心理教育或者认知一行为治疗也能增加患者服用药物的依从性从而减少患者住院的频度。