骨髓基质细胞对人胚胎神经干细胞分化极性的诱导

目的 :建立骨髓基质细胞及人胚胎神经干细胞共培养系统并观察其对神经干细胞的诱导分化作用。方法 :来源于人胚胎脑组织不同脑区的神经干细胞分别与骨髓基质细胞建立起各自的共培养系统并在其中纯化 ,以CM、CO CM、BMSC对神经干细胞进行诱导分化 ,并通过免疫荧光及免疫细胞化学技术检测神经元的诱导率。结果 :骨髓基质细胞及其共培养系统培养液能够明显地提高神经元的分化率。结论 :共培养系统诱发了神经干细胞与骨髓基质细胞的自分泌与旁分泌的作用并改变了神经干细胞的分化极性     

骨髓基质细胞对神经干细胞分化为神经元的影响

采用细胞共培养方式和免疫化学染色方法 ,研究骨髓基质细胞对神经干细胞分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和寡突胶质细胞的影响。实验发现 ,体外培养的中脑神经干细胞在与成年大鼠骨髓基质细胞共培养 7d后 ,在神经干细胞后代中神经元比例可达 38.6 %± 10 .8% ,明显高于自然分化组 2 0 % ,提示骨髓基质细胞提供的微环境可明显提高神经干细胞后代中神经元的比例。     

骨髓基质细胞对神经-干细胞分化为神经元的影响

采用细胞共培养方式和免疫化学染色方法,研究骨髓基质细胞对神经干细胞分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和寡突胶质细胞的影响.实验发现,体外培养的中脑神经干细胞在与成年大鼠骨髓基质细胞共培养7 d后,在神经干细胞后代中神经元比例可达38.6%±10.8%,明显高于自然分化组20%,提示骨髓基质细胞提供的微环境可明显提高神经干细胞后代中神经元的比例.     

骨髓间充质干细胞向多巴胺能神经元的诱导分化

背景：近年来研究发现,神经营养因子在骨髓间充质干细胞的分化中发挥重要作用。目前脑组织中具有再生能力的神经干细胞在体外是否具有直接诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化为多巴胺能神经元的作用还未见报道。 目的：观察大鼠间充质干细胞在胶质细胞源性神经营养因子与神经干细胞共培养两种诱导条件下体外分化成多巴胺能神经元的能力。 方法：分离培养SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,取第3代细胞分2组培养,一组细胞应用胶质细胞源性神经营养因子单独诱导,另一组细胞与已培养成球的神经干细胞共培养进行诱导,共培养之前行Brdu标记。诱导3 d后以免疫组织化学法检测各组贴壁细胞神经元特异性标志物神经原纤维和多巴胺能神经元特异性标志物酪氨酸羟化酶的表达,观察间充质干细胞的分化情况。 结果与结论：胶质细胞源性神经营养因子单独诱导组间充质干细胞在诱导24 h后胞体回缩呈锥形,突起延长且数量增多,有神经元样形态,且细胞间相互连接成网络状,3 d后部分细胞表达神经原纤维,其中少部分同时表达酪氨酸羟化酶。与神经干细胞共培养组神经干细胞球很快解离,迅速贴壁,共培养的贴壁细胞大量增殖且多呈神经元样,胞体细长多突起,相互间连接成网,多数贴壁细胞分别单独表达神经原纤维和酪氨酸羟化酶,少数细胞可见Brdu/神经原纤维,Brdu/胶质纤维酸性蛋白,Brdu/酪氨酸羟化酶双标阳性。提示间充质干细胞在胶质细胞源性神经营养因子、神经干细胞存在的情况下可定向转化为神经元,并有向多巴胺能神经元分化的可能。在该实验条件下胶质细胞源性神经营养因子效果好于神经干细胞。     

胶质源性神经营养因子与白细胞介素1β体外诱导中脑神经干细胞的分化

背景：在神经干细胞移植治疗帕金森病中,移植细胞的数量及多巴胺能神经元的分化比率是必须解决的问题,而有效的神经干细胞体外增殖与多巴胺能神经元的大量定向诱导分化是解决问题的关键所在。 目的: 探讨胶质源性神经营养因子与白细胞介素1β体外诱导中脑神经干细胞向多巴胺能神经元的分化。 方法:分离妊娠12 d小鼠胚胎腹侧中脑,经胰酶消化和机械吹打制成单细胞悬液,离心过滤后机械方法传代培养5~7 d的神经球,分组进行诱导分化10~12 d,待80%细胞从神经球迁移出来,分化为单细胞时,进行免疫细胞化学鉴定及流式细胞术检测酪氨酸羟化酶阳性细胞率。 结果与结论：神经球细胞表达巢蛋白抗原,能分化为神经元特异性烯醇化酶和胶原纤维酸性蛋白阳性细胞。胶质源性神经营养因子与白细胞介素1β在体外能明显提高中脑神经干细胞分化为酪氨酸羟化酶阳性神经元的比例,胶质源性神经营养因子诱导组、白细胞介素1β诱导组和两者联合应用均较空白对照组比例高,尤其是两者联合应用作用更显著,说明胶质源性神经营养因子、白细胞介素1β可明显促进中脑神经干细胞分化为数量足够、形态及功能成熟的多巴胺能神经元。     

成鼠骨髓基质细胞向神经干细胞诱导分化的实验研究

目的研究成鼠骨髓基质细胞体外培养的生长行为和分化情况。方法利用EGF、FGF-b等增殖及分化诱导因子和神经干细胞培养液进行培养，分化诱导，用细胞免疫组化染色进行细胞鉴定。结果成鼠骨髓基质细胞在体外培养中能形成细胞克隆团，具有增殖能力，并可分化出胶质细胞样细胞和神经元样细胞。结论骨髓基质细胞具有较强的自我更新及多向分化能力，在适宜的诱导分化条件下，可诱导为神经干细胞，分化出神经元和胶质细胞。     

人骨髓间充质干细胞诱导向多巴胺能神经元的分化

背景：体内外研究发现人骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经元的比率都明显低于胶质细胞,并且这为数不多的神经元会逐渐死亡,而最终存活的细胞中神经元的数量更少。 目的：观察人骨髓间充质干细胞体外诱导分化为多巴胺能神经元的潜能。 方法：分离纯化和扩增人骨髓间充质干细胞,在体外先用碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和表皮细胞生长因子进行预诱导后,以胶质细胞源性神经营养因子和血管紧张素Ⅱ联合诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞向神经元和多巴胺能神经元分化。观察分化过程中细胞的形态变化,利用免疫组织化学检测神经元和多巴胺能神经元特异性标志物的表达情况。 结果与结论：人骨髓间充质干细胞经诱导后的细胞呈现双极、多极和锥形的典型神经元细胞的形态,明显表达抗人神经巢蛋白[(55.7±4.3)%]和神经元特异性烯醇化酶[(78.2±6.7)%],而且大部分人骨髓间充质干细胞表达酪氨酸羟化酶[(48.5±5.6)%],不表达神经胶质细胞标记物胶质纤维酸性蛋白。提示在适宜的条件下,人骨髓间充质干细胞可分化成神经元和多巴胺能神经元样细胞。     

胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子修饰脂肪间质干细胞与共培养多巴胺能神经元的存活

背景：目前尚未见脂肪间质干细胞体外诱导分化成多巴胺能神经元的报道,且有关脂肪间质干细胞维持多巴胺能神经元存活的机制也缺乏实验证据。 目的：观察腺病毒介导胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子基因修饰的脂肪间质干细胞对共培养条件下多巴胺能神经元存活的影响。 设计、时间及地点：细胞学体外对比观察,于2007-03/12在吉林省耳鼻咽喉研究所和教育部吉林大学人兽共患病重点实验室完成。 材料：3周龄Wistar大鼠、孕14 d Wistar大鼠由吉林大学白求恩医学院实验动物中心提供。 方法：采用pAdTrackCV和pAdEasy-1系统构建重组胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子腺病毒。取孕14 d大鼠,采用酶消化法培养中脑多巴胺能神经元。取Wistar大鼠腹股沟处脂肪,酶消化法分离培养脂肪间质干细胞,体外培养至第3代当细胞生长至60%融合时,以病毒滴度为1×109 vp/mL的胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子重组腺病毒作用细胞1 h后,转移到生长培养基继续培养,通过ELISA法检测培养上清胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子水平。设立3组：Ad-GDNF转染共培养组、Ad-GFP转染共培养组分别在脂肪间质干细胞经相应病毒转染24 h后加入分离的多巴胺能神经元,继续培养7 d;单纯多巴胺能神经元培养组不加入脂肪间质干细胞。 主要观察指标：采用免疫荧光技术检测共培养环境对多巴胺能神经元存活的影响,共培养环境对胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子修饰脂肪间质干细胞分化的影响。 结果：脂肪间质干细胞在pAd-GDNF转染24 h后细胞上清中出现胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子蛋白,72 h达高峰,pAd-GDNF对脂肪间质干细胞的转染效率约为80%。酪氨酸羟化酶免疫荧光染色结果发现,Ad-GDNF转染共培养组多巴胺能神经元存活率明显高于单纯多巴胺能神经元培养组、Ad-GFP转染共培养组(55%,15%,25%,P < 0.01)。对共培养7 d的细胞进行酪氨酸羟化酶免疫荧光染色,分别以波长为488 nm和563 nm进行单通道扫描,未发现同时表达绿色荧光蛋白和酪氨酸羟化酶的细胞,表明此共培养环境可能不具备诱导脂肪间质干细胞分化为多巴胺能神经元的条件。 结论：胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子基因修饰的脂肪间质干细胞与胚胎中脑分离出的多巴胺能神经元共培养,能够维持和促进多巴胺能神经元的存活,但可能不具备诱导脂肪间质干细胞分化为多巴胺能神经元的作用。     

细胞因子联合纹状体条件培养液定向诱导间充质干细胞体外分化为多巴胺能神经元

背景：在众多体外诱导间充质干细胞向多巴胺能神经元的诱导分化研究中，诱导阳性率仍不理想。 目的：实验应用碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、表皮生长因子和纹状体条件培养液定向诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为多巴胺能神经元，拟探讨提高诱导阳性率的方法。 设计、时间及地点：以细胞为对象的对照观察细胞学实验，于2006-07/2007-12在山东大学齐鲁儿童医院和山东大学第二医院血液实验室完成。 材料：健康成年Wistar大鼠用于骨髓间充质干细胞的分离，新生Wistar大鼠用于纹状体条件培养液的制备。 方法：采用贴壁法分离纯化健康成年Wistar大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞进行传代培养。取出生24 h内新生Wistar大鼠，完整剥离其大脑组织制备纹状体条件培养液。取体外培养的第5代间充质干细胞，用含碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和表皮生长因子的预诱导液进行预诱导，24 h后去除预诱导液，换用纹状体条件培养液进行诱导。 主要观察指标：倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态变化，并应用细胞免疫化学技术检测细胞内神经元特异烯醇化酶和酪氨酸羟化酶表达。 结果：大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞经碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、表皮生长因子和纹状体条件培养液诱导后细胞胞体逐渐回缩成团，形成梭形，部分细胞可见突起伸出，类似神经元。细胞免疫化学检测，诱导后细胞神经元特异烯醇化酶阳性表达率为( 72.70±14.81)%，酪氨酸羟化酶阳性表达率为(34.50±15.93)%。 结论：应用碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、表皮生长因子联合纹状体条件培养液诱导分化体系，获得了高比例的神经元，其中包括较多的多巴胺能神经元。     

猫骨髓源性神经干细胞诱导分化的实验研究

目的探讨猫骨髓分离培养、诱导分化神经干细胞的可行性。方法无菌条件下行骨穿,梯度密度离心获取猫骨髓基质细胞,以“神经干细胞培养基”培养,用分化诱导因子进行体外培养和诱导分化。结果猫骨髓基质细胞在相应培养条件下能在体外培养中增殖、分化,克隆形成细胞球(或称“神经球”),这些细胞球能表达神经干细胞特异性抗原nestin,而且能进一步诱导分化出胶质样细胞和神经元样细胞,免疫细胞化学检测可见有胶质源性纤维酸性蛋白抗体(GFAP)和神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)抗原表达。结论猫骨髓基质细胞在一定条件诱导下可分化成神经胶质样和神经元样细胞。     

小鼠胚胎干细胞体外向神经干细胞的分化研究

目的观察无血清培养法诱导小鼠胚胎干细胞(Embryome stem cell,ESCs)ESCs体外分化为神经干细胞(Neural stem cell,NSCs)的诱导效率.方法采用无血清培养法诱导小鼠ESCs体外分化为NSCs,对诱导不同时间点的细胞行免疫荧光,RT-PCR检测nestin的表达.结果诱导48 h开始出现nestinmRNA的表达,诱导72 h出现nestin蛋白表达.诱导120 h nestin的表达达高峰,阳性细胞率为(70.3±8.02)%.Nestin阳性细胞呈球形生长,可不断增殖.结论本诱导方法可获得较高纯度的NSCs,所获得的神经干细胞与脑内来源的NSCs有相似的生物学特性.     

Role for the stem cell factor/KIT complex in schwann cell neoplasia and mast cell proliferation associated with neurofibromatosis

Schwann cells are the primary cell type in the disfiguring lesions associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). These lesions also contain abnormally high numbers of mast cells, a cell type which develops in response to stem cell factor. We report here that neonatal and adult rat and human Schwann cells, as well as a transfected rat Schwann cell line and a human Schwannoma line derived from an NF-1 patient, all produced stem cell factor mRNA and protein. In coculture experiments, surface expression of stem cell factor by neonatal rat Schwann cells was profoundly downregulated by contact with dorsal root ganglion neurites. The receptor for stem cell factor, KIT, was not expressed in normal Schwann cells but was expressed in the human Schwannoma line, suggesting that aberrant KIT expression may form an autocrine loop in certain Schwann cell neoplasias. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Clinical implications of Schwann cell biology

The neuroglia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are derived from the neural crest and are a diverse family of cells. They consist of myelinating Schwann cells, non‐myelinating Schwann cells, satellite cells, and perisynaptic Schwann cells. Due to their prominent role in the formation of myelin, myelinating Schwann cells are the best recognised of these cells. However, Schwann cells and the other neuroglia of the PNS have many functions that are independent of myelination and contribute significantly to the functioning of the peripheral nerve in both health and disease. Here we discuss the contribution of PNS neuroglial cells to clinical deficit in neurodegenerative disease, peripheral neuropathy, and pain.     

Short natural sleep is associated with higher T cell and lower NK cell activities

Short sleep duration increases the risk of several diseases, possibly involving compromised immune function. However, most previous studies are based on experimentally induced sleep deprivation, and only a few have studied natural variations in sleep duration. Thus our aim was to study how natural variations in sleep duration affect immune function. In total, 36 healthy men and women, aged 20–54, donated blood; 29 on three consecutive mornings, and seven on one morning. Each morning, participants self-reported sleep duration the night prior to blood draw. General sleep patterns, physical activity and stress were also assessed. A flow-cytometric assay was used to measure natural killer cell activity (NKCA), T cell function (in response to PHA, influenza, and SEA + B), and B cell function (in response to PWM) per volume whole blood. Short sleep duration prior to blood draw (<7 h) was associated with 49% higher PHA-induced T cell function (95% CI 7/109%) and 30% lower NKCA compared with normal prior sleep (7–9 h) (95% CI −46/−8%). In addition, high perceived stress was associated with 39% higher PHA-induced T cell function (95% CI 0/94%). High general physical activity was associated with 47% increased numbers of B cells and 28% increased numbers of T cells, but not with immune function. Our results suggest strong relationships between short sleep duration and T- and NK-cell functions. The stability of the findings as well as the clinical consequences of the link between short sleep and immune function should be explored in future studies.     

Non-neuronal cell cultures from dorsal root ganglia of the adult cat: production of schwann-like cell lines

There are several methods available for the production of Schwann cell cultures from fetal or neonatal peripheral nervous tissue. We have investigated methods for producing Schwann cell-rich cultures from adult tissue. Dorsal root gangliafrom normal adult cats were used to initiate explant cultures or subjected to primary dissociation. The resulting cultures were compared in terms of growth, the proportions of fibroblastic and Schwann-like cells in primary cultures and the effects of subculture on the relative frequency of these cell types. We found that excision and transfer of explanted ganglion pieces after 14 days in culture produced a secondary outgrowth rich in small, bipolar, spindle-shaped Schwann-like cells. Subculture of this outgrowth produced secondary cultures of predominantly SChwann-like cells with typical spindle-shaped morphology. The use of antimitotic agents in the media to inhibit fibroblast growth was not observed to be necessary or beneficial with this adult tissue. Primary dissociation of ganglia with enzymes (trypsin or collagenase) and mechanical agitation was even more effective in producing secondary cultures and cell lines that were, by morphological criteria, predominantly or exclusively Schwann-like cells. One of these Schwann-like cell lines, designated GSA, has been carried over 24 subcultures while retaining characteristics Schwann cell morphology. Cells of this line have been examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Karyotype analysis indicates a chromosome complement consistent with the species of origin, a normal cat.     

Cerebral granular cell tumor

Intracerebral granular cell tumors (GCTs) are a rare finding. We report here on a case of cerebral GCT in a 47‐year‐old man who suffered with severe headache. The tumor appeared as a relatively well‐defined, enhancing mass at the periventricular white matter of the left occipital lobe of the brain. Histologically, the tumor was entirely composed of granular cells. Some of the tumor cells showed peripherally accentuated cytoplasmic granules with central clearing, which produced a unique “targetoid” appearance. The granular cells of the current case were positive for neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), S‐100 protein, GFAP, vimentin, CD 68, lysozyme, and α‐1‐antitrypsin. These wide immunoexpressions were not observed for the previously reported cerebral GCTs. Interestingly, this case showed “targetoid” or “reversed targetoid” immunoreactive patterns in NSE, CD68, GFAP, and vimentin. Despite these wide immunoexpressions and the lack of any association with astrocytoma, the histogenesis of cerebral GCTs is still suggested to be of a glial origin, based on the tumor location, the GFAP positivity and the ultrastructural findings, of which the latter showed intermediate filaments, and these are reminiscent of neoplastic astrocytes.     

精神分裂症患者脑脊液T,B细胞标记及IgG合成率研究

应用ＡＮＡ冰霜示记Ｔ细胞，ＤＡＫＯ－ＣＤ２０单克隆抗体ＡＢＣ法标记Ｂ细胞，观察了３２例精神分裂症患者脑脊液中Ｔ、Ｂ的异常变化，并应用酶联免疫荧光法测定了其中１３例患者中枢神经系统的ＩｇＧ合成率。实验结果提示，精神分裂症患者Ｔ细胞百分率偏低，而Ｂ细胞百分率明显偏高，有５３．８４％的患者中枢神经系统有内源性ＩｇＧ的异常合成。